The Men Who Would Be King (32 page)

Cavalcanti, Guido, 163–64

Cecil, Robert (son of Burghley), 215

Cecil, William (Lord Burghley): Alençon as suitor and, 167, 168, 175–76, 186, 190; Anjou as suitor and, 163; Archduke Charles as suitor and, 129, 130–31, 151, 152, 154–55; comparison of Dudley and Archduke Charles by, 130, 139; and Darnley-Mary Stuart marriage, 155; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 100–101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 129–31, 209; and Elizabeth as childbearer, 142, 186; Habsburg archdukes as suitors and, 86; Spanish-French relations and, 79, 80; as supportive of marriage for Elizabeth, 86, 88–89, 216, 217; sworn in as Secretary of State, 94

Chapuys, Eustace (French ambassador), 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 17

Charles, Archduke of Austria: appearance of, 90–91, 139–40; Bavarian marriage of, 157; Dudley compared with, 130, 139; French concerns about, 147; picture of, 134; religion and, 120, 146, 153–54; as suitor to Elizabeth, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90–91, 120, 121, 127–30, 139–43, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153–54, 156, 157, 216

Charles IX (King of France): Anjou's relationship with, 165–66; appearance of, 148–49; death of, 171; as Elizabeth's suitor, 147, 148–49, 150–51, 152–53, 157; Habsburg marriage of, 157; picture of, 136; Spain and, 166; St. Bartholomew's Eve massacre and, 169, 170

Charles V (King of Spain), 10, 12, 13, 72

Courtenay, Edward (Earl of Devonshire), 43–45, 46, 49–51, 52, 53, 58, 69, 132

Cromwell, Thomas, 6, 12

Culpeper, Thomas, 9

Dannett, Thomas, 139–40

Darnley, Lord, 12, 123–24, 127, 155

de Foix, Paul, 149, 150

de' Medici, Catherine: Alençon-Elizabeth marriage negotiations and, 167–68, 170, 171, 194; Alençon's death and, 200; Anjou-Elizabeth marriage negotiations and, 157–58, 161–62, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167–68; Bayonne meeting with Queen of Spain and, 149–50; Charles IX-Elizabeth negotiations and, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152; Philip II-Elisabeth of France marriage and, 78; picture of, 136; Spain and, 78, 166, 188; St. Bartholomew's Eve massacre and, 169

Devereux, Robert.
See
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of

Devonshire, Earl of.
See
Courtenay, Edward

Discourse on the Succession
(Hales), 121

Drake, Sir Francis, 174, 191, 211

Dudley, Amy.
See
Robsart, Amy

Dudley, Guildford, 41, 42, 53

Dudley, John.
See
Northumberland, Duke of

Dudley, Robert (Earl of Leicester): Alençon as suitor and, 175, 176, 178–79, 181, 188, 191, 192, 195, 196, 197, 202; ambitions of, 99, 103–4, 106; Anjou as suitor and, 158, 160, 161, 163–64; appearance of, 94, 97; Archduke Charles compared with, 139; Archduke Charles as suitor and, 139, 152, 154; death of, 113, 208–9, 210; Edward VI and, 41, 93; and Elizabeth as virgin, 197; Elizabeth's nickname for, 204; Elizabeth's relationship with, 14, 53–54, 92–113, 115–16, 119, 121, 123, 126–31, 139, 140, 143, 144, 151–52, 154–55, 158, 159, 178–80, 185, 188, 202, 203–4, 207–9, 216; family background of, 41; gifts/honors for, 94, 95, 97, 103, 115–16, 121, 122, 123; influence on Elizabeth of, 99, 103, 110, 112, 116, 154–55; Lettice Knollys courtship/marriage to, 111, 176, 179, 180, 203; Mary Stuart and, 102, 118–20, 121, 122–23, 126–27, 129; Mary Tudor's reign and, 93–94; as Master of the Horse, 94, 210; Norfolk and, 99, 100, 109; picture of, 135; popularity of, 215; preference for French as suitors of Elizabeth and, 151–52; as protector of the realm, 115–16; reputation of, 41, 99, 107, 139, 179; Robsart marriage/death and, 94, 100, 101–2, 103, 108, 139, 155; Simier attacks and, 178–79; succession to the throne and, 115–16; in Tower of London, 53–54, 93

Edward III (King of England), 115

Edward VI (King of England), 7–8, 10, 14, 15–16, 17, 20, 26–27, 34, 38, 40–41, 92, 93

Elisabeth of France, 78–79, 149–50, 189

Elizabeth Tudor (Queen of England): achievements of, 218; appearance of, 15, 39, 74, 125, 128, 148, 201; aversion to marriage of, 14, 54–55, 58, 59–60, 77, 85, 117, 124, 141, 148, 151, 155, 156, 172, 185, 216; birth of, 2; childbearing concerns about, 115, 117, 141–42, 143, 144, 149, 159, 161, 163, 167–68, 175, 185, 186, 187, 194, 198; childhood of, 1–14; coronation of, 63–64, 68; education of, 10, 38, 39; first suitor of, 11–12, 13; health of, 6, 38, 42, 50, 51, 103, 109, 115–16, 142; Henry VIII relationship with, 4–5, 14; interrogation of, 52; legitimacy of, 4, 6, 13–14, 16, 54, 61, 75; as “Little Bastard,” 13; during Mary Tudor's reign, 42–61, 143–45; mythology/cult of, 201–3, 204, 217–18; pictures of, 131, 138; popular support for, 42, 61, 63–64, 217; power of, 79; “pregnancy” of, 35, 39, 51–52; public image of, 35, 51; reputation of, 22, 24, 35, 38–39, 51, 96–97, 103, 161; succession to throne and, 4, 6, 7, 13–14, 16, 40, 41–42, 45, 49, 56, 59, 61, 62, 77, 82, 93, 114–46, 155, 214–15; in Tower of London, 51–54, 63, 67, 93–94; as virgin, 2, 81–82, 83, 85, 95, 114, 122, 124, 128, 157, 160, 197, 199, 201–2, 218; youth of, 15–36, 131

Elizabeth of York, 44

Emmanuel Philibert (Duke of Savoy), 54–55, 56, 58–59, 63, 71–72, 132

Eric XIV (Prince of Sweden): 50; 83–84; as suitor, 89–90; 133; 141; 217

Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 137, 209–15, 216, 218

Exeter, Marquis of, 44

Ferdinand, Archduke, 71, 72, 80–81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 98, 99, 100

Ferdinand (King of Spain), 18

Feria, Count de (Spanish ambassador), 62–73, 74, 75–81, 83, 84–85, 94–95, 119

Fitzalan, Henry.
See
Arundel, Earl of

Fowler, John, 20, 22, 27

France: civil war in, 155, 157, 158, 190; English relations with, 59, 61, 168, 169, 170, 178, 182–84, 191–92, 195; Philip of Spain-Elizabeth of France marriage and, 78–79; Spanish relations with, 64–66, 67, 71–80, 81, 166, 188–89, 190, 193; St. Bartholomew's Eve massacre in, 169–70, 178, 191.
See also
specific person

Francis I (King of France), 11, 12, 13

The Gaping Gulf
(Stubbs), 182–84, 187

Gardiner, Bishop, 43, 44, 52

Grey, Lady Catherine, 53, 115, 121–22, 141, 156

Grey, Lady Jane, 26–27, 37, 41–42, 53, 55, 93, 114, 115, 155

Grey, Lady Mary, 115, 156

Grindal, William, 18, 21, 23

Gustavus (King of Sweden), 60, 83–84, 89, 94

Habsburg family, 72, 217.
See also
specific member

Hales, John, 121, 122

Hatton, Christopher, 197, 204, 205–6

Heneage, Thomas, 111

Henry II (King of France), 48–49, 55, 56, 64, 78–79, 80, 147

Henry III (King of France), 136, 157–67, 171, 176, 190, 193, 195, 196

Henry VII (King of England), 7, 44, 65, 123

Henry VIII (King of England): accomplishments of, 6–7; Catholicism and, 12–13; death of, 15; Edward's birth and, 8; Elizabeth's relationship with, 4–5, 14; marriages/divorces of, 2–3, 5, 6, 8–9, 13, 17, 35, 47, 54, 87, 114; personality and character of, 7, 37; Seymour brothers' relationship with, 17; will of, 16, 26, 41, 115, 121

Hertford, Earl of, 17, 27, 121–22

Howard, Catherine, 8–9, 10, 14, 35

Huguenots, 158, 165, 168, 169–70, 171, 178, 190

Huntingdon, Earl of, 115

James VI (King of Scotland), 141–42, 214, 215–16

John of Finland, Duke, 89, 90

Jones, Robert, 102–3

Kingston, Sir William, 3–4

Knollys, Lettice (Viscountess of Hereford), 111–12, 179, 180

Latimer, Lady.
See
Parr, Catherine

Latimer, Lord, 34, 39–40

Leicester, Earl of.
See
Dudley, Robert

Lennox, Lady, 123–24

“The Lie” (Raleigh), 207

Lyly, John, 218

Maitland of Lethington (Scottish envoy), 118–19, 120

Maltravers, Lord, 67

Marchaumont (French agent), 191

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots: Alençon-Elizabeth negotiations and, 174–75; Anjou and, 158, 164; Bothwell marriage of, 155; Darnley and, 12, 123–24, 127, 155; Don Carlos as suitor to, 120–21; Dudley and, 102, 118–20, 121, 122–23, 126–27, 129; Elizabeth compared with, 125–26, 148, 157; Elizabeth's relationship with, 12, 122, 123, 124; flight to England of, 155; imprisonment of, 156; James birth and, 141–42; Philip II as suitor to Elizabeth and, 71, 73; reputation of, 157; Spain and, 64–65, 118, 120–21, 127, 166; St. Bartholomew's Eve massacre and, 170; succession to the throne and, 64–65, 71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 114, 115, 118–20, 122, 124, 127, 141–42, 156, 158, 217

Mary Tudor (Queen of England): Catholicism of, 9, 15–16, 40, 45, 47, 61, 145, 167; Courtnay and, 44, 46; Courtnay-Elizabeth relationship and, 50–51, 52, 58; death of, 61, 64, 94; Dudley and, 93; Edward and, 8; Elizabeth compared with, 61, 148; Elizabeth during reign of, 42–61; Elizabeth's relationship with, 37, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51–52, 58–59, 70–71, 145; Elizabeth's suitors and, 58–59, 60; Henry VIII relationship with, 7; importance of marriage of, 12–13, 37, 42, 43–44, 48, 50, 55, 81, 114, 116; and Lady Jane Grey as queen, 41–42; legitimacy of, 4, 6, 10, 13–14, 16; Northumberland and, 93; Philip of Spain and, 47, 49, 54, 55–57, 58, 59, 60–61, 69, 70–71, 73, 141, 152, 155, 161, 181, 184, 217; popularity of, 42; “pregnancies” of, 56–57, 59, 61; Privy Council's consent to marriage of, 26; public opinion and, 35, 48, 55; rescinding of Henry VIII-Catherine of Aragon divorce by, 54; Seymour (Thomas) and, 20; stepmothers' relationship with, 3, 5–6, 9–10; succession to throne and, 4, 6, 7, 13–14, 15–16, 40, 41–43, 45, 49, 59, 93, 114, 145

Maximilian II (Emperor of Austria), 96, 127, 129, 142–43, 153, 154, 157, 165

Melville, James (Scottish envoy), 122–24, 125–26, 141, 142

Mendoza, Bernardino de (Spanish ambassador); Alençon as suitor and, 176, 177, 178, 181, 182, 186, 187, 190, 191, 194, 196, 198

More, Sir Thomas, 39

de La Mothe Fénelon (French ambassador), 158–59, 161, 162, 164

Netherlands, 156, 173–74, 190, 194, 199

de Noailes, Antoine, 47, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56

“Noli me tangere,”
1, 2, 3, 14, 36, 206

Norfolk, 3rd Duke of, 18, 43, 66, 67, 99, 100, 109, 111

Norfolk, 4th Duke of, 143, 151, 154–55, 156

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, 18, 40–41, 42, 47–48, 53, 92–93, 98

Nowell, Dr., 116

“On Monsieur's Departure” (Elizabeth), 199

Orléans, Duke of, 11, 13

Paget, Lord (Chief Secretary), 16, 17, 47, 54

Parliament: Elizabeth's speeches to, 82–83, 117, 140, 144–46; Elizabeth's suitors and, 59, 104, 116–18, 120, 122, 140, 143–46, 156, 172, 185, 191, 196, 216; Mary Tudor's marriage and, 48; as protector of Elizabeth, 156–57; succession to the throne and, 116–18, 120, 122, 143–46, 156–57, 216

Parr, Catherine: death of, 25–26, 38; Elizabeth at home of, 19–20, 21–22; Elizabeth's departure from home of, 24–25, 33; Elizabeth's relationship with, 10, 11, 19, 21–22, 24–25, 38; Henry VIII marriage to, 9–11; pregnancy of, 21, 35; Seymour (Thomas)-Elizabeth relationship and, 21–24; Seymour (Thomas) marriage/relationship with, 16–17, 18, 19–24, 25–26, 34; succession to throne and, 14

Parry, Thomas, 24, 28–29, 31–33, 58, 94, 179

Philip II (King of Spain): Archduke Charles as suitor and, 88; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 94–95, 99, 105–6, 107; Elizabeth of France marriage to, 78–79, 189; Elizabeth as “sister” to, 81; Elizabeth's early relationship with, 57, 59; Elizabeth's first meeting with, 56; Elizabeth's marriage negotiations with, 62–67, 70–80, 83, 90, 119, 161–62; as Elizabeth's protector, 64; Emmanuel Philibert as cousin of, 54; Emmanuel Philibert-Elizabeth match and, 58, 59; Eric of Sweden as suitor and, 89; French relations with, 188–89; influence on Elizabeth of, 64, 121; Mary Stuart and, 64–65, 118, 120–21; Mary Tudor and, 47, 49, 54, 55–57, 58, 59, 60–61, 69, 70–71, 73, 141, 152, 155, 161, 181, 184, 217; Mary Tudor's death and, 62; Mary Tudor's “pregnancy” and, 56–57; picture of, 134; Portugal and, 188; St. Bartholomew's Eve massacre and, 170

Pickering, William, 68–70, 75, 81–82, 83, 95

Pope, Sir Thomas, 60, 81

Privy Council: creation of, 16; Elizabeth's marriage and, 66, 70, 72, 81, 115, 116, 155, 176, 177, 186, 187, 190; Henry VIII will and, 16; Mary Tudor's marriage and, 44; and need for consent for marriage, 26, 28; Seymour (Thomas)-Elizabeth relationship and, 28, 29, 34

Protector, Lord.
See
Seymour, Edward

de Quadra, Alvarez (Bishop of Spain): Arundel as suitor and, 67, 69, 70; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105–8, 109; Habsburg archdukes as suitors and, 85–86, 87, 88; named ambassador to England, 84; passion of Elizabeth comment of, 91; Pickering as suitor and, 69, 70; succession to the throne and, 115

Rabenstein, Baron von.
See
Breuner, Caspar

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 204–7, 209, 210, 215, 216

religion.
See
Catholicism/Catholic Church; Huguenots

Renard, Simon, 44, 45–46, 47, 48, 50–51, 52, 53, 54

Richmond, Duke of, 5, 6, 18

Robsart, Amy, 101–2, 103, 108, 139, 155

Russell, Lord, 29–30

Salisbury, Dr. Jewel, Bishop of, 76, 89

Savoy, Duke of.
See
Emmanuel Philibert

Scheyfve, Jean (imperial ambassador), 40–41

Seymour, Edward (Earl of Hertford and Duke of Somerset): ambitions of, 16; death of, 40; Edward VI and, 8, 27; Elizabeth's relationship with, 38; Elizabeth's reputation and, 39; family background of, 17; Grey marriage and, 27; Parr-Thomas marriage and, 20–21; personality and character of, 17, 24; power of, 19; as Protector, 16; Thomas-Elizabeth relationship and, 19, 22, 29, 32, 34; Thomas's relationship with, 20–21, 22, 26, 27, 30–31, 34, 52; treason charges against Thomas and, 34, 38

Seymour, Jane, 3, 6, 7, 8, 17

Seymour, Sir John, 17