The Man Who Wasn't There: Investigations into the Strange New Science of the Self (38 page)

depression and,
13
–14,
16
,
18

diagnosis,
12

guilt and,
15

insula,
20
,
232

recovery,
20

simile in,
20

suicide and,
16

Craig, Bud,
148
,
232
,
233
,
239
–241,
242
,
247
,
287
–288,
289

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly,
249
–250,
289

Damasio, Antonio,
137
–140,
147
,
148
,
149
,
152
,
258
,
281
,
288
,
290

Darwin, Charles,
14

Dasti, Matthew,
289

David, Anthony,
140
,
281

de Carvalho, William,
14
–16

de Maupassant, Guy,
198
,
285

death

brain,
3
–6,
19

delusions of,
4
–6,
13
,
19

formed belief of.
See
Cotard’s syndrome

Deer Park Move your eyes left to right,
252
–253

default mode network (DMN),
19

Delon, Michael,
271

delusions

of brain death,
4
,
5
,
6
,
13
,
19

Cotard’s syndrome,
10
–11,
12
,
21

hypochondriac,
12

of non-existence,
6
,
7
–8

schizophrenia,
103

dementia.
See also
Alzheimer’s disease

Cotard’s syndrome and,
19
–20

premature,
99

vascular,
33

dementia praecox,
99

Dennett, Daniel,
257
,
289

depersonalization,
25
,
127
–161,
214
,
263

anomalous subjective recall,
140
–141

autonomic nervous system and,
148

brain and,
147
–148

as defense,
133

defined,
132
,
133

derealization,
141

detachment,
133

disappearance,
142

disembodiment,
140

dream state,
131

emotion experience,
146
,
149

emotional numbness,
140
,
144
,
145

as evolutionary adaptation,
133
–134

example beginnings of,
127
–131

experiences,
140
–141

lack of ownership,
141

out-of-body experiences and,
141

reality testing and,
135

relief from,
153
–154

remission of,
143
–144

schizophrenia and,
144

self and,
255

self-rumination,
146

subjectivity and,
158

temporal-lobe epilepsy and,
153

transient,
133
,
146

views of,
263

depression

autism and,
166

brain surgery and,
237

Cotard’s syndrome and,
13
–14,
16
,
18

scale,
14

derealization,
141

Descartes, René,
8
,
37
,
57
,
195
,
239
,
261
,
272
,
285

detachment,
133

Deveson, Anne,
118
,
280

Dhamekh Stupa,
252
–253

diachronic unity,
254

diagnosis

Alzheimer’s disease,
33
,
38
,
46

Asperger’s syndrome,
163
–164

Cotard’s syndrome,
12

pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified,
171

schizophrenia,
102
,
103

disembodiment,
140

doppelgänger effect

defined,
196
,
199

emotions,
197
,
214

example of,
214
–217

hallucinations,
198
,
199

Dostoevsky, Fyodor,
225
,
229
–230,
238
,
287

Dotinga, Randy,
278

double bookkeeping,
125

Down syndrome,
175
,
176
,
177

dream state,
131

Dreyfus, Georges,
254
,
266

dualism,
13
,
37
,
200
,
208
,
261

Dugas, Ludovic,
132

ecological self,
169

ecstatic epilepsy,
25
–26,
225
–250

absences,
233
–234,
236

auras,
230
,
231
,
244

electrode implantation and,
239

examples of,
225
–229,
234
–239,
243
–244

feeling of clarity,
228

homeostasis and,
240

insula in,
233
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
244

material me and,
242
–243

phenomenology,
248

physical well-being,
232

positive emotions,
232

seizure beginning,
243

seizures,
226
–227,
228
–229,
230
,
231

self and,
255

self-awareness,
231
–232,
249

sense of certitude,
228

serene certainty,
249

Efferenzkopie
,
110

Ehrsson, Henrik,
204
,
205
,
212
,
223
,
224
,
286

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),
11
,
15
,
185

Eliot, T. S.,
198

embodied selfhood,
55
–56,
224

Emerson, Ralph Waldo,
24
,
27
,
274

emotional numbness,
140
,
145
,
219

emotions,
149
–150,
151
,
156
,
158
.
See also
Feelings

defined,
149

doppelgänger effect,
197
,
214

ecstatic epilepsy,
232

entorhinal cortex,
44
,
45

epilepsy,
41
,
209
,
229
,
234
–239

epileptogenic tissue,
244

epinephrine,
150

episodic memory,
43
,
48
,
223

Ernst, Zachary,
233
,
238

Esquirol, Jean-Êtienne,
131
–132

false awakening,
209

feeling of agency,
116

feelings,
156
,
158
.
See also
Emotions

of clarity,
228

defined,
150

of estranged self,
214

of self,
253
–254

Feinberg, Irwin,
110
,
111
,
113
,
279

First, Michael,
68
,
83
,
277

first-rank symptoms,
102
,
113

focal seizures,
231
,
237

Ford, Judith,
115
,
118
,
120
,
280

free energy,
190

Friston, Karl,
190
,
191
,
285

Frith, Chris,
113
,
114
,
122

Frith, Uta,
174
,
175
,
178
,
179
,
180
,
282

frontoparietal network,
17
,
19
,
20
,
22

Fuchs, Thomas,
276

full-body illusion,
212
–213,
223

Furth, Gregg,
67
–68,
69
,
72
,
73

Gall, Franz Joseph,
18
,
273

Gallagher, Shaun,
21
,
273

Ganeri, Jonardon,
259
,
262
,
266
,
271

Gastaut, Henri,
230
,
287

gender identity disorder,
68
–69

generalized seizures,
231

Gopnik, Alison,
173
,
176
,
177
,
283

gravity, narrative,
257

Griesinger, Wilhelm,
131

guilt, Cotard’s syndrome and,
15

Guterstam, Arvid,
205
,
206
,
212
,
286

Gweon, Hyowon,
284

H. M. (Henry G. Molaison),
40
–44,
48

hallucinations

autoscopic,
218

doppelgänger effect,
198
,
199

heautoscopic,
218
–219

out-of-body experiences,
201

Hampson, Michelle,
280

Happé, Francesca,
178
,
179

“Hearing Voices,”
95

heautoscopy

center of awareness,
217
–218

hallucinations,
218
–219

Heidegger, Martin,
104

heightened self-awareness,
231
–232

Heydrich, Lukas,
218
–219,
286

Hilti, Leonie Maria,
276
,
277

Hippocrates,
3

HIV,
216

Hoffman, Ralph,
120
,
123
,
280

Hohwy, Jakob,
193
,
222
,
287

homeostasis,
240

Hume, David,
256
–257,
289

Hurlburt, Russell,
178
–179,
284

Husserl, Edmund,
104

Huxley, Aldous,
245
–246,
288

hypersensitivity, autism and,
192

hypochondriac delusions,
12

“I,”
21
,
22

immunity principle,
21

implicit memory,
43

innate inability,
168
,
170

insula,
20
,
232
,
233
,
238
,
239
,
240

ACC and,
241
,
242

anterior,
241
,
242
,
245
,
246
,
247

in ecstatic seizures,
244

hyperactive,
245
,
247

insular cortex,
261

intense positive emotions,
232

interpersonal self,
169

Ionta, Silvio,
286

ipseity,
105
,
106
,
124

Jagust, William,
46

James, William,
22
,
149
,
150
,
273
,
282

James-Lange theory,
150

Jaspers, Karl,
93
,
97
,
104
,
132
,
278

Jefferson, Lara,
23

judgment of agency,
116
,
123

Kanner, Leo,
166
–167,
168
,
170
,
282
–283

Kena Upanishad,
9

Kletti, Roy,
133
,
281

Kontos, Pia,
36
,
45
,
55
–58,
274
,
276

Kraepelin, Emil,
31
,
99

Krueger, Joel, W.,
274

lack of ownership,
141

Laing, R. D.,
98

Laird, James,
282

lamotrigine,
147
–148

Lange, Carl,
150

Laureys, Steven,
16
–20,
22
,
26
,
146

le packing
,
184
–186

left anterior temporal lobe,
47

leg.
See also
Body integrity identity disorder

burial,
90

getting rid of,
63
–91

Lenggenhager, Bigna,
210
,
211
,
286

Leslie, Alan,
174
–175,
283

letting go,
263

“living dead,”
11

Lombardo, Michael,
284

long-term memory,
42
–43,
53
,
264

Lysaker, John,
97

Macku, Petr,
211
–212

Madhyamika
,
1
–2

maladies of the self,
255

material me,
242
–243

Mathalon, Daniel,
115
,
279
–280

Maurer, Konrad,
274

McGeoch, Paul,
77
,
80
,
84
,
276

Medford, Nick,
145
–146,
148
,
149
,
281
–282

medial prefrontal cortex,
47
,
120
,
121
,
182