The Making of African America (48 page)

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Authors: Ira Berlin

BOOK: The Making of African America
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Powledge, Fred
professional class
projects, the
Providence
Public Enemy
Quarles, Benjamin
Queens
race
American-born blacks' and immigrants' different views of
definitions of
as force in understanding American life
protocols and ideas of
significance of
two-caste system of
race riots
racism.
See also
white supremacy
African immigrants and
American-born blacks' view of
Northern
slave societies as root of
Southern
ubiquity of
Radical Reconstruction
Rainey, “Ma”
Randolph, A. Philip
rap.
See
hip-hop
Reagan, Ronald
Reconstruction
Redding, Otis
Redeemers
religion.
See also
Afro-Christian church
free blacks'
interior passage, effect on
music of
slaves'
Republican Party
reputations
reunions
revolts.
See
escapes and revolts
rhythm and blues
rice
rock and roll
Rolfe, John
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Roots (Haley)
Rose, Charlie
Run D.M.C.
Rush, Bobby
Rwanda
St. Louis
St. Lucia
San Francisco
Sarah Bonadventure
Screven, Arena
second migration.
See
interior, passage to
segregation
battles against
overthrow of
place, effect on
residential.
See also
ghetto/ inner city
self-emancipation
self-identity.
See
identity/self-identity
Senegal
Senegambia
sexual abuse
sharecropping
collapse of
shipmates, as kin
Sierra Leone
slaveholders
African
black belt
divisions among
exploitation of divisions among slaves by
holdings consolidated by
Loyalist
methods of control used by
movement as a constant for
numbers of slaves held by
preferences of
slavery
African
codification of chattel bondage
cracks in edifice of
domestic
in Europe
expansion of
Northern colonies' liquidation of
plantation
profitability of
revolutionary warfare's effect on
slavery-to-freedom narrative
slaves/enslaved Africans
African as name for
Atlantic Creoles
Atlantic seabord as initial location of
attachment to place of
broad marriages of
children of
as collaborators on interior passage
as collaborators on slave ships
control of, on ships
economy of
escapes and revolts .
See also specific revolts
family life of
first arrivals
former.
See
free blacks
gatherings among
hired
identity, marks of
as immigrants
indigenous vs. saltwater population
inheritances of
interior passage of. See interior, passage to
kinship networks of
labeling of
leadership structure
male as preferred sex of
male mortality, higher rates of
as marketable assets
masters' control of
mobility of
mortality among
names stripped from
nationalities of
new arrivals, treatment of
numbers of
property of
realization of destiny by
rebellious, sale of
relations among, on slave ships
religion of
rental and loaning of
rights and freedoms gained by
skilled
suicide attempts of
transatlantic passage of. See transatlantic passage
wages earned by
women
youth preferred in
slave ships
collection of slaves by
conditions on
control of slaves on
crews and captives of, relations between
distribution of cargo
forced dance on
as funerary trains
hazards of ocean travel for
mortality rates on
music on
rations on
rebellions on
suicide attempts on
violence of
white supremacy as originating on
women on
slave trade, African
African resistance to
competitive nature of
customer preferences in
disembarkation points
end to
numbers of arrivals
post-Revolutionary reinvigoration of
regional identity and
systematic removals of
slave trade, U.S.
Georgia men
infrastructure of
language of
local
numbers involved in
post-Revolutionary reinvigoration of
preferred places of origin in
regularization of
seasonality of
Smith, Bessie
Snoop Doggy Dogg
Somalia/Somalis
soul
South, the. See
also specific places
agricultural system of
black exodus from. See third migration
black population as tied to
as cultural catchall
effect of interior passage on
employment opportunities in
migration from.
See
third migration
North and, connection between
North and, difference between
proportion of black population residing in
return to
sharecropping system of
tenancy systems of
South Africa
South Carolina
Gullah language
indigenous and saltwater slaves, relation between
male vs. female slaves in
movement of slaves entering
nationality of slaves entering
number of slaves in
South Central
Southerners black.
See
Southerners, black black people as
Southerners, black
despair as endemic to
employment opportunities for
free.
See
free blacks
as landowners
Northerners compared to
peculiar character of
poverty of
rights denied to
as rural population
violence against
Southern interior.
See
interior, U.S.
Spain
Sport of the Gods
(Dunbar)
Stono Rebellion
Strayhorn, Billy
suburbs blacks' move to white flight to
Sudan/Sudanese
suffrage
sugar demands of cultivation of
Sullivan's Island
Sykes, Roosevelt
Taulbert, Clifton
tenancy
Tennessee
movement of slaves from
movement of slaves to
Texas
movement of blacks from
movement of free blacks to
movement of slaves to
slave population of
third migration
age patterns of
Alabama, effect on
as chain migration
as city-to-city migration
as community endeavor
destinations for
duration of
ebbs and flows of
families in
governmental role in
interior passage compared with
Mississippi, effect on
music and
numbers involved in
original impetus for
planters' efforts to stem
reasons for
regularization of
reluctance of blacks to undertake
reverse flow
routes of
seasonal rhythm of
selectiveness of
sexual patterns
timing of
to-and-froing of
transatlantic passage compared with
transportation methods
travel conditions
two vectors of
women during
World War I, effect on
World War II, effect on
Thomas, Piri
tobacco
decline of
tokenism
Tombigbee
towns, black
Townsend, Henry
transatlantic passage
Africans' role in
coastal factories
interior passage and, comparison between
march to the coast
Middle Passage.
See
Middle Passage
third migration compared with
transportation, means of.
See also
slave ships
transatlantic slave trade. See slave trade, African
transnationalism
transportation
during interior passage
during third migration
during transatlantic passage
Tucker, Sophie
Turner, Frederick Jackson
Turner, Henry McNeal
unemployment rate
black
black vs. white
unions.
See also specific unions
United States
African slave trade, end to
foreign-born population
history. See history, U.S.
as nation of immigrants
Up from Slavery
(Washington)
urban blues
Urban League
vagrancy laws
Vessey, Denmark
Vietnam
violence
against African immigrants
against free blacks
on slave ships
against Southern blacks
Virginia
age and sex of slaves in
movement of slaves from
number of slaves in
U.S. slave population, proportion in
vote, right to. See suffrage
Voting Rights Act
Walker. J.
Washington, Booker T.
Washington.C.
Washington, Harry
Waters, Mary C.
Watson, John
welfare rights movement
Wells, Ida B.
West, the
movement of free blacks to
as third migration destination
West Indian Carnival
West Indies/West Indians
Wheatley, Phyllis
White, Graham
White, Shane
white-collar jobs
whiteness
white supremacy
black challenges to
legal apparatus of
musical response to
origins of
wavering of
whites/white America
African immigrants' opinion of
as audience for black music
in black churches
immigration's effect on
on Loyal Blacks
slaves' first impressions of
unemployment rate, compared to blacks'
urban population of
white teenagers, hip-hop and
Whydads
wiggers
Wilkerson, Moses
Williams, George Washington
Wilson, August
women
as Caribbean immigrants
employment opportunities for
as factory workers
during interior passage
occupations of
ratio of male slaves to
on slave ships
during third migration
Woodson, Carter G.
Woolman, John
work and residence, spatial mismatch between
workers.
See
labor/workers
Works Project Administration
World War I
effect on U.S. economy
third migration, effect on
World War II
civil rights movement, effect on
labor shortages of
military service in
third migration, effect on
Wright, Richard
Yoelson, Asa
Yorubas
Zangwill, Israel

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