The Maid and the Queen (49 page)

Wood, Charles T.
Joan of Arc and Richard III: Sex, Saints, and Government in the Middle Ages.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

I
LLUSTRATION
C
REDITS

xix
Portrait of Joan of Arc carrying her sword and banner.
Miniature drawn in the margin of a register recording the raising of the siege of Orléans, May 8, 1429, by a clerk, Clement de Fauquembergue, fifteenth century. Paris, Archives nationales. Photo credit: Luisa Ricciarini/ Leemage.

1
The queen distributes prizes to the victor at the tournament.
Barthelemy d’Eyck, miniature from ms. 2695, “Le Livre des Tournois de René d’Anjou,” 1460. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

13
Raymondin spies on his wife, Melusine, in the bath.
Engraving from folio 142, “Histoire de Melusine” by Jean of Arras, 1478. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

23
Portrait of Louis I of Anjou (1339– 1384), king of Naples and count of Provence, and Marie of Blois (1345– 1404), countess of Provence
. Aix-en-Provence, Musée Arbaud. Photo credit: Jean Bernard/ Leemage.

37
The madness of Charles VI (1368– 1422).
From the
Chroniques de Enguerrand de Mon strelet
(1400– 1453). Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

49
Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon greet their future son-in-law, who became Charles VII
. Miniature from the
Chroniques de Jean Froissart,
folio 321v, fifteenth century. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

57
The battle of Agincourt
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

68
The Hundred Years War: massacre of the Armagnacs by the Burgundians during the civil war
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1477– 1483. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

75
Portrait of Joan of Arc carrying her sword and banner
. Drawn in the margin of a register recording the raising of the siege of Orléans, May 8, 1429, by a clerk, Clement de
Fauquembergue. Miniature, fifteenth century. Paris, Archives nationales. Photo credit: Luisa Ricciarini/ Leemage.

87
Portrait of Charles VII, king of France
. Painting by Jean Fouquet, 1444. Paris, Musée du Louvre. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

119
Joan of Arc before King Charles VII
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1477– 1483. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

135
The French raise the siege of Orléans and enter the city on May 8, 1429.
Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: MP/ Leemage.

146
Coronation of Charles VII by the archbishop of Reims
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1477– 1483. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

160
The Hundred Years War: Joan of Arc is taken prisoner at Compiègne
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

183
Joan of Arc is tied to the stake
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484, folio 71. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

185
The Hundred Years War: the battle of Formigny
. Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484. Paris, B. N. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

193
Portrait of King René of Anjou, also known as René I of Naples and also René of Sicily in his cabinet
. Fifteenth-century miniature engraving. Photo credit: Selva/ Leemage.

206
Portrait of Philip III of Burgundy, known as Philip the Good
. Illustration by Wavrin, Master of London, 1481– 1486. Shelfmark Harl 6199, folio 57v, British Library. Photo credit: Heritage Images/ Leemage.

215
The Hundred Years War: Charles VII, king of France, enters Paris after the reconquest of the city from the English in November 1437.
Miniature from the manuscript “Vigiles du roi Charles VII” by Martial d’Auvergne, 1484. Paris, B. N. Photo credit: Heritage Images/ Leemage.

229
Yolande of Aragon
. Stained glass window at the cathedral of Saint-Julien du Mans, fifteenth century. Photo credit: Selva/ Leemage.

245
Portrait of Joan of Arc
. Miniature from the “Poesies of Charles d’Orléans,” fifteenth century. Paris, Archives nationales. Photo credit: Josse/ Leemage.

I
NDEX

Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations. Page numbers beginning with 255 refer to notes.

Agincourt, battle of, 56–57,
57,
58, 59, 62, 191, 232

deaths at, 57, 58, 80, 138, 169

duke of Orléans captured in, 7, 58, 105, 127, 223

Shakespeare’s depiction of, 52

Aix, 24, 89

Alain, Jacques, 107

Albret, duke of, 145, 153, 196

Alençon, 65, 66

Alençon, count of:

death of, 58, 138

in pledge to go to war with Burgundians, 45, 58

Alençon, duchess of, 138, 140

Alençon, duke of, 102, 116, 118–19, 138, 231

attack on Paris desired by, 152

in attempt to retrieve Maine, 222

in battle against Paris, 152, 154

in battle of Jargeau, 139, 140, 141

in battle of Orléans, 138–39

in battle of Patay, 142–43, 243–44

in battle to take back Normandy, 233

captivity of, 162

at coronation of Charles VII, 145

indecisiveness of, 140, 141

in Joan’s rehabilitation, 243

war council desired by, 140

Alexander the Great, 3

Amboise, castle at, 207

Amiens, fair at, 32, 33

Angers:

bishopric of, 227–28

castle in, 24, 48, 58, 59, 64, 66, 90–91

Anjou, 25, 84–85, 89, 103, 190, 221, 222, 231

René’s land in, 220

revenue from, 24, 25, 26

vassals summoned from, 90–91

Yolande of Aragon and Louis II’s estate in, 25–26, 66, 105, 202, 248

Anjou, treasurer of, 208

Anne of Burgundy, duchess of Bedford, 171, 202

Antoine, 194–95, 200, 205, 219

Aragon, 3, 5, 16

poetry festival in, 6–7

archers, 142–43, 195

Archives of La Meuse, 107

Arles, 22–23

Armagnac, count of, 45

in battle against John the Fearless, 59, 66

death of, 69, 70

Henry VI’s proposed marriage to daughter of, 225

Isabeau’s move on Paris opposed by, 63

made constable of France, 59

in power struggle with Isabeau, 63

Armagnacs, 45–46, 62, 63, 67, 72, 80, 82, 132, 146, 150, 191, 214

in battle with Henry V, 55, 58

Henry V’s marriage negotiations with, 54

massacred by Burgundians,
68,
69

in proposed truce with Burgundians, 67, 71

and rehabilitation of Joan’s image, 236

sermon against, at Joan’s execution, 179

in University of Paris, 165

Yolande in charge of, 70

Arras, Jean de (secretary to duke of Berry and author of
The Romance of Melusine
), 8, 13–14, 73, 161–62, 175

Arras, Treaty of, 217, 219, 222

Arthur of Richemont (the constable), 138

Angevins’ desire for reconciliation with, 190

in attack on Paris, 213, 214, 236

in attempt to free René, 219

in attempt to retrieve Maine, 222

in battle in Le Mans, 152

in battle of Patay, 142

in battle to take back Normandy, 233

Burgundians deserted by, 91

Charles VII’s preparations for battle against, 97

Charles VII’s reconciliation with, 98

at Congress of Arras, 208, 210

dismissed as constable, 98, 139

in invasion of Champagne, 226

La Trémoïlle’s dispute with, 98, 139, 192, 202, 203–4

La Trémoïlle’s plot to kill, 202

made constable, 91, 97

and negotiations with duke of Brittany, 191, 192

and plot to kidnap La Trémoïlle, 203–4

in talks with Philip the Good, 205

Yolande of Aragon’s support for, 97, 101–2, 201

in Yolande’s coup, 101–2

Aulon, Jean d’ (Joan of Arc’s steward), 121, 133

Aumale, count of, 91, 92

Austria, duchess of, 33

Austria, duke of, war on Philip launched by, 196

Auxerre, 144

Avignon, 19

Bar, duchy of, 80–81, 101, 137–38, 219–20, 223, 231

court of, 81

as loyal to Charles VII, 79, 82–83, 88, 194

strategic importance of, 5–6

Barbazan, lord of, 195, 196

in battle at Champagne, 190, 194, 196

Barcelona, 5

Basel council, 204, 208, 238, 271

Bastille, 48, 68

bastilles, 126–27, 132

Baucignies, lord of, 207

Baudricourt, Robert de, 110, 144–45

as absent from Charles VII’s coronation, 144–45

Joan given sword by, 111, 122

Joan’s escort prepared by, 110–11, 113, 115

Joan’s first conversation with, 102

Joan’s visits to, 99–100, 106

Joan tested by, 108

René’s ransom indemnified by, 220

Vaucouleurs defended by, 101

Baugé, battle of, 84–85

Bavaria, 41

Bavaria, duke of (father of Isabeau of Bavaria), 29

Bayeaux, 66

Beaucourt, G. du Fresne de, 192

Beaugency, 139, 141

Beaulieu-les-Fontianes, 161, 162

Beaupère, Jean, 174, 176, 238

Beaurevoir, castle of, 162–63, 167, 170, 182

Beauté, 213

Beauvais, 35

Beauvais, bishop of, 167, 168, 171, 172–73, 178, 180, 181, 246

Bedford, duke of (regent of France), 85, 86, 103, 237

death of, 212

insulting letter to Charles VII, 151, 155

Joan’s letter to, 125, 130

Joan’s virginity checked by, 171

marriage of, 150

Parisian poor feast neglected by, 138
n

portions of France conquered by, 98

reinforcements requested by, 149

in Triple Alliance, 90

war council summoned by, 99, 101

Belgium, 29

Bellême, 66

Belles Heures,
7

Benevento, 226–227

Bible, 14

Blois, 136

army massing in, xv, xvii, 122, 123–24

Bois de Vincennes, 213

Boisguillaume, 172

Bordeaux, 247

Bouillé, Guillaume, dean of Noyon, 234, 235–38, 242

Bourbon, duke of, 58, 231

in attempt to free René, 219

stained glass window of, 222

Bourdigné, Jehan de (chronicler), 8, 25, 70

on rebellion in Provençe, 18–19

“Bourgeois de Paris,” 188, 204, 213, 214

Bourges, 45–46, 70, 82, 90, 92, 103, 151, 226

Boussac, lord of, 170, 190

Brabant, duchess of, Isabeau’s marriage arranged by, 32, 33–34

Bréhal, Jean, 239, 240, 241, 242–44, 246

Bridget of Sweden, 120

Brie, 157

Brittany, 191

Craon in, 35–36

Brittany, duke of, 35, 64, 67, 71, 231

Armagnacs joined by, 45

Charles’s cause abandoned by, 90, 139, 191

Charles supported by, 98, 139, 190, 191

in Triple Alliance, 90, 98

Buchan, earl of, 85, 92

Bulgnéville, 195, 218

Burgundians, 70, 80, 82, 90, 101, 144, 214

Armagnacs massacred by,
68,
69

in attempt to take Compiègne, 157

at Congress of Arras, 208–12

English alliance with, 61, 65–66, 83–84, 99, 196–97, 200, 202, 208

Joan captured by, 159–60,
160,
166

Joan’s fear of, 112

noblemen’s pledge to wage war against, 45

Parisian citizens as, 153

in proposed truce with Armagnacs, 67, 71

in pursuit of Charles VII, 67–69

and rehabilitation of Joan’s image, 236

in switch of allegiance to Charles VII, 212

in University of Paris, 165, 166

see also
John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy; Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy; Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy

Burgundy, 29, 226

Burgundy, duchess of, 233

Burgundy Gate, 125, 132

Burne, Alfred Higgins, 128

butchers, 46, 47, 71
n

Caen, 66

Caesar, Julius, 3

Cagny, Perceval de, 155–56, 157

Calais, 149, 157, 247

Caldora, Antonio, 226–27

Caldora, Jacopo, 226

calendar, 26

Calixtus III, Pope, 240–41

Castille, king of, 231

Castillon, battle of, 247, 248

Catalonia, 5, 16

Catherine de la Rochelle, 123

Catherine of Alexandria, Saint, 89, 99, 169, 179, 181, 188

Catherine of Burgundy (daughter of John the Fearless), 48, 51

birth of son of, 85

engagement of, 43, 46, 192

Henry V in marriage negotiations with, 54, 59, 83

Catherine of France (daughter of Charles VI), 63, 86

Henry V’s marriage negotiations with, 54, 71

Catherine of Siena (mystic), 78, 120, 261

Cauchon, Pierre, bishop of Beauvais:

archbishopric lost by, 180

as Burgundian, 166–67

in charge of Joan’s trial, 166, 171–72, 173, 174, 209, 236, 237, 238, 243, 244

at Congress of Arras, 209, 210

in grudge against Joan, 167

Joan’s execution and, 181, 182–83

Joan summoned by, 168

made bishop, 167, 209

spy sent to Domrémy by, 171

Châlons, 144

Champagne, 157

battle at, 190, 194, 195, 196