The Lost Gettysburg Address (35 page)

3.
Gallipolis
(Ohio)
Journal
, January 23, 1862.

4.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, January 18, 1862, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

5.
James Russell Lowell to Mary A. Clarke, May 17, 1890,
The Century
Illustrated Monthly Magazine
, vol. 51 (1896): 545.

6.
Gordon H. Warren,
Fountain of Discontent: The Trent Affair and
Freedom of the Seas
(Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press,
1981).

7.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, March 28 and 29, May 16 and
21, and June 23, 1862; Charles Anderson to Kitty Anderson, May 13 and
30, 1862; and Charles Anderson to Charles Francis Adams, April 24, 1862,
Richard Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

1.
Enlistment broadside of Charles Anderson, Ninety-Third Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, 1863. Charles Anderson Family Papers, Ohio Historical Society,
Columbus. Robert W. Steele and Mary Davies Steele,
Early Dayton
(Dayton,
Ohio: U. B. Publishing House, 1896), 205.
Cincinnati Daily Enquirer
, July 10,
1862.

2.
Charles Hill, Adjutant General, to Charles Anderson, August 8,
1862, Richard Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino,
California.
New York Times
, August 9, 1862.

3.
Historical context for this chapter is taken principally from James
Lee McDonough,
War in Kentucky: From Shiloh to Perryville
(Knoxville:
University of Tennessee Press, 1991), 61–87, 104–127, 144–157, 182–245, and
296 –325.

4.
Dayton
(Ohio)
Journal
, August 16, 1862.

5.
The War of the Rebellion: Offical Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies, 1861–1865
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing
Office, 1880–1901), ser. 1, vol. 16, part 1, 908–909.

6.
Samuel B. Smith,
Autobiography of Samuel B. Smith transcription by
Paul D. Cameruci
, unpublished manuscript, undated, Dayton Metro Library.

7.
Henry Richards,
Letters of Captain Henry Richards of the Ninety-Third
Ohio Infantry
(Cincinnati: Wrightson and Company, 1883). Alfred Demoret,
A Brief History of the Ninety-Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry:
Recollections of a Private
(Ross, Ohio: 1898). Companion J. T. Patton,
Personal Recollections of Four Years in Dixie
(Detroit: Winn & Hammond,
1892).

8.
A. T. Babbitt to Eliza Anderson, September 11, 1862, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

9.
Hiram Strong,
Inventory, Calendar, and Index of the Hiram Strong
Papers, 1862–1863 by Ronald Jan Plavchan
, unpublished typescript, 1964,
Dayton Metro Library.

10.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, September 30, 1862, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

11.
Charles Anderson to Kitty Anderson, October 7, 1862, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

12.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, October 16, 1862, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

13.
Charles Anderson to Kitty Anderson, October 26, 1862, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

14.
A. T. Babbitt to Eliza Anderson, October 29, 1862, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library. Rosecrans’s army was officially called
the Fourteenth Army Corps until after the Battle of Stones River, but this was
a temporary designation. Most historians refer to this army by its later name,
the Army of the Cumberland.

15.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, October 29 and November 3,
1862, Richard Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

16.
Strong,
Inventory, Calendar, and Index of the Hiram Strong Papers.
Dayton Daily Empire
, December 15, 1862.
War of the Rebellion
, ser. 1, vol.
20, part 1, 34–37.

17.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, December 7, 1862, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

18.
Charles Anderson to Eliza Anderson, December 23, 1862, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

19.
David R. Logsdon, ed.,
Eyewitnesses at the Battle of Stones River
(Nashville, Tennessee: David R. Logsdon, 2002).

1.
For detailed accounts of the Battle of Stones River used in this
chapter, see Peter Cozzens,
No Better Place to Die
(Chicago: University of
Illinois Press, 1990); James Lee McDonough,
Stones River: Bloody Winter
in Tennessee
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980); Matt Spruill
and Lee Spruill,
Winter Lightning: A Guide to the Battle of Stones River
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007), and
Blue & Gray Magazine
28, no. 6.

2.
The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies, 1861–1865
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing
Office, 1880–1901), ser. 1, vol. 20, part 1, 336–347, 445.

3.
Ibid., 558–563, 570–571.

4.
Bragg’s telegram to Richmond as printed in
Charleston Mercury
,
January 3, 1863.

5.
Poem from Nicholas L. Anderson,
The Letters and Journals of Nicholas
Longworth Anderson
(New York: Fleming H. Revel, 1942).

6.
Frank Moore, ed.,
The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events
(New York: G. P. Putnam, 1863), vol. 6, 160. Abraham Lincoln,
The Collected
Works of Abraham Lincoln
, ed. Roy P. Basler (New Brunswick, New Jersey:
Rutgers University Press, 1953), 424–425.

7.
Charles Anderson to Eliza, Kitty, and Belle Anderson, January 7, 1863,
Richard Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.

8.
David R. Logsdon, ed.,
Eyewitnesses at the Battle of Stones River
(Nashville, Tennessee: D. R. Logsdon, 1989), 86–89.

9.
Charles Anderson to Kitty Anderson, January 2, 1863, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

10.
Charles Anderson to Eliza, Kitty, and Belle Anderson, January 7,
1863; Charles Anderson to Belle Anderson, January 9, 1863, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.
Dayton Daily Empire
, February 5 and
28, 1863.

1.
James L. Vallandigham,
A Life of Clement L. Vallandigham
(Baltimore,
Maryland: Turnbull Brothers, 1872), 478–479.

2.
Clement L. Vallandigham,
Speeches, Arguments, Addresses, and Letters
of Clement L. Vallandigham
(New York: J. Walter and Co., 1864), 305.

3.
Frank L. Klement,
The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and
the Civil War
(Louisville: University Press of Kentucky, 1970), 105.

4.
Klement,
The Limits of Dissent
, 102–116.

5.
Clement L. Vallandigham,
The Record of Hon. C. L. Vallandigham
(Cincinnati, Ohio: J. Walter and Co., 1863). Anderson’s personal copy of this
work includes extensive penciled margin notes in his own hand (Skinner
collection, Pinedale, Wyoming).

6.
From George H. Porter,
Ohio Politics during the Civil War Period
(New
York: AMS Press, 1911).

7.
Charles Anderson,
Letter Addressed to the Opera House Meeting,
Cincinnati
, Loyal Publication Society No. 21 (New York: W. C. Bryant & Co.,
1863).

8.
Porter,
Ohio Politics
, 177.

9.
Klement,
The Limits of Dissent
, 116–213.

1.
The poem “Vallandigham: The Bastilled Hero” and other facts in this
passage are largely from Frank L. Klement,
The Limits of Dissent: Clement
L. Vallandigham and the Civil War
(Louisville: University Press of Kentucky,
1970), 213–256.

2.
George H. Porter,
Ohio Politics during the Civil War Period
(New York:
AMS Press, 1911), 177.

3.
Cincinnati Daily Enquirer
, June 17, 1863.

4.
John Caldwell to Charles Anderson, June 18, 1863; William Johnston
to Charles Anderson, June 19, 1863, Richard Clough Anderson Papers,
Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
Cincinnati Daily Enquirer
, July
7, 1863.

5.
Larz Anderson to Charles Anderson, June 26 and July 4, 1863; John
Caldwell to Charles Anderson, July 1, 1863, Richard Clough Anderson Papers,
Huntington Library.
Jeffersonian Democrat
, July 24, 1863.
Ohio Statesman
,
July 11, 1863.

6.
Porter,
Ohio Politics
, 167–199.

7.
Joseph H. Geiger to Charles Anderson, July 10, 1863, Richard Clough
Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.
Dayton Empire
, March 27, 1863.

8.
Joseph Leeds to Liberty Ball, October 13, 1863, Cincinnati Historical
Society Library, Ohio.
Cleveland Morning Leader
, October 8, 1863.

9.
Daily Ohio Statesman
, August 27, 1863.
Daily Empire
(Dayton, Ohio),
August 29 and September 2, 1863.
Belmont
(Ohio)
Chronicle
, October 1,
1863.

10.
This telegram, repeated in countless histories as addressed to either Tod
or Brough, is not found in the voluminous records of Lincoln correspondence.

1.
William P. Wellen to Charles Anderson, October 19, 1863, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

2.
David Tod to Charles Anderson, October 27, 1863 in
Documents
Accompanying the Governor’s Message of January, 1864
(Columbus, Ohio,
1864), 285–287.

3.
Daily Ohio Statesman
, November 19, 1863.
Cincinnati Enquirer
,
November 9, 1863.

4.
Three studies of the Gettysburg consecration ceremonies were used as
key sources to frame this chapter: Martin P. Johnson,
Writing the Gettysburg
Address
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2013); Gabor Boritt,
The
Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows
(New York:
Simon & Schuster, 2006); and Garry Wills,
Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words
That Remade America
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992).

5.
For Everett’s speech and details of the event, see Edward Everett,
Address of the Honorable Edward Everett at the Consecration of the National
Cemetery at Gettysburg 19th November, 1863, with the Dedication Speech
of President Lincoln and the Other Exercises of the Occasion
(Boston: Little,
Brown, 1868).

6.
Earl W. Wiley, “Colonel Charles Anderson’s Gettysburg Address,”
Lincoln Herald
54, no. 3 (Fall 1952): 14–21. Wiley relied on newspaper
reports that included less than half of the speech. Frank L. Klement dedicates an
entire chapter to Ohio’s participation in the event in
The Gettysburg Soldiers’
Cemetery and Lincoln’s Address
(Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane
Publishing Company, 1993). Klement incorrectly assumes that the text in the
Cincinnati
Commercial
represents Anderson’s complete speech. A close
reading of that report reveals that large sections of the speech were paraphrased or
omitted.

7.
Bret Harte,
The Poetical Works of Bret Harte
(New York: Houghton
Miffin Company, 1899), 1–4.

8.
Ohio State Journal
, November 23, 1863.

9.
The delivery manuscript of Anderson’s oration is in the Charles
Anderson Family Papers, Ohio Historical Society Archives, Columbus. Extant
draft pages of the speech are in the Skinner Collection, Pinedale, Wyoming.

10.
Audience reaction to Anderson’s speech is found in numerous
pro-administration newspapers cited by Wiley, “Colonel Charles Anderson’s
Gettysburg Address.” The meeting of the Ohio delegation was a partisan
affair with distinctly political purposes. The November 25, 1863, edition of
Crisis
(Columbus, Ohio) described how “Seward and Charles Anderson
mingled their abolition hate and destructiveness” in what was clearly a boisterous
gathering. Martin P. Johnson (in his
Writing the Gettysburg Address
, 238)
relates the opposition newspaper
New York World
’s claim that Lincoln slept
through Anderson’s speech. This is highly unlikely.

1.
Nicholas L. Anderson,
The Letters and Journals of Nicholas Longworth
Anderson
(New York: Fleming H. Revel, 1942).

2.
Xenia
(Ohio)
Sentinel
, April 26, 1864. Anderson’s speech in Lexington,
Kentucky, was seen by radicals as a betrayal of the antislavery principles he
had espoused during the gubernatorial campaign.

3.
Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of
Abraham Lincoln
(New York: Simon & Shuster, 2005), 621–666.

4.
Oliver Perry Morton to Charles Anderson, August 22, 1864; and
Charles Anderson to Godwin Volney Dorsey, August 22, 1864, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

5.
Richmond Examiner
, September 5, 1864. Lincoln’s words to a soldier
friend regarding his election prospects have been quoted in numerous
secondary sources by authors such as James M. McPherson,
Tried by War: Abraham
Lincoln as Commander in Chief
(New York: Penguin Press, 2008).

6.
Richard C. Anderson to Charles Anderson, January 28, 1865, Richard
Clough Anderson Papers, Huntington Library.