The Longest War (97 page)

Kabul under,
174
–75,
178

regrouping of,
182
,
185
–86,
247
,
248
,
255
–56,
262
,
310
–11,
312
,
313
–14,
329

and responsibility for al-Qaeda’s crimes,
40
–41,
51

sanctions on,
41

suicide bombing against CIA by,
211

in surrender to Karzai,
67

U.S. drone strikes of,
313
,
331
–33,
345
,
347

Tantawi, Mohamed,
297

Tanweer, Shehzad,
198
,
199

Tanzania, bombing of U.S. embassy in,
4
,
21
,
40
,
50
,
59
,
127
,
135
,
220
,
253
,
304

Tarin Kowt, Afghanistan,
63
–65,
66
,
191

Tariq, Abu,
271

Tarnak Farms,
45

Tatar, Serdar,
241

TATP,
234

Tawhid
,
144

Team B,
44
,
138
–39

Tel Aviv, Israel,
239

Tenet, George,
42
,
48
,
54
,
72
,
157
–58

Afghan War plan of,
55

Bush briefed on terrorism by,
97

on Iraq-al-Qaeda connection,
139
,
142
,
146

10th Mountain Division,
81
,
185

Thailand,
110
–11

Thomas, Clarence,
105

Time
,
50
,
226

Times
(London),
71
,
141

Time Square,
207

Tora Bora,
68
–70

Tora Bora, battle of,
70
–85

al-Qaeda casualties in,
75
,
79

bin Laden’s escape in,
xvii
,
34
,
52
,
70
,
76
,
77
–79,
82
,
84
–85,
174
,
337
,
338

cease-fire in,
77
,
79

debate over,
xvii
,
70

U.S. airstrikes in,
71
,
75
–77,
80
,
83

torture,
xvi
,
113
–14

at Abu Ghraib,
113

of Abu Zubaydah,
111

Bush administrations denunciation of,
100

in Egyptian prisons,
22
,
98
–100,
102

at Guantánamo Bay,
106
–7

of Qutb,
22

waterboarding,
112
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
117
,
118

Yoo’s defense of,
104
–5,
108

see also
extraordinary renditions

Townsend, Frances Fragos,
128
–29,
130
,
207
,
260

Trabelsi, Nizar,
25

Transparency International,
193

“Treatise on the Legal Status of Using Weapons of Mass Destruction against Infidels,”
217
–18

“Triangle of Death,”
171
,
269

Truman, Harry S.,
318

Tunisia,
79
,
210
,
341

Turabi, Hassan,
133
–34

Turkey,
120
,
124
,
163
,
172
,
210
,
336
,
349

Turki al-Faisal, Prince of Saudi Arabia,
17
,
19
,
21

26th Marine Expeditionary Units,
81
–82

Tyranny’s Ally
(Wurmser),
138

Uighurs,
307

Ummah Tameer-e-Nau (UTN),
215
–16

Understanding Terror Networks
(Sageman),
201
–2

United flight
93
,
114
,
252

United Kingdom,
xvi
,
26
,
244
–45

ricin case in,
223
–24

Sykes-Picot Agreement and,
27

United Nations,
26
,
181
,
194
,
211
,
301
,
310
,
321

Afghanistan conference of,
66
,
67
,
154

Baghdad headquarters of,
162

United Nations Convention Against Torture,
100

United Nations Security Council,
59

Powell’s presentation to,
142
,
143
,
145
,
146

United States:

bin Laden’s belief in weakness of,
6
–7,
9
–10,
59
,
93
,
94

bin Laden’s declaration of war against,
21
–22,
29
,
30
–31,
32
,
304

in Cold War,
18

culture of,
27
,
57

Israel supported by,
18
,
27
–28,
32
,
33
,
238

mujahideen supported by,
16

Muslims aided by,
26
–27

Pakistan aided by,
228

Pakistani peace deals with,
260
–61

sanctions on Talibans by,
41

strategic errors of,
xv
,
xvii

uranium,
218
,
220
,
227
–28

Uruzgan, Afghanistan,
63
–64,
191
,
192

Uzbekistan,
xvi
,
42
,
55
,
56
,
81
,
216
,
221
,
222
–23

Uzbeks,
61
,
65
,
187
,
255

Vancouver Sun
,
141

van Gogh, Theo,
203
–4

Vanity Fair
,
141

Vann, John Paul,
266

Vietnam War,
xvii
,
6
,
154
,
163
,
170
,
275
,
313
,
314
,
316
,
326

Vinas, Bryant Neal,
235
,
243

Vines, John,
181

Virginia Military Institute,
180

Voice of America,
9

Vulcans,
44

Wadud, Abu Musab Abdul,
211

Wall Street Journal
,
249

Walter Reed Army Medical Center,
239

“war on terror,”
xv
,
xvi

ambiguity of,
58
–59

first reference to,
57

launch of,
52

Obama’s abandonment of term,
303
,
304

see also
Afghan War; Iraq War

Warsame, Mohammed Abdullah,
25

Warsa Pact,
24

Washington, D.C.,
146

Washington Post
,
4
,
142
,
201
,
227
,
295
,
321
,
327

waterboarding,
112
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
117
,
118

weapons of mass destruction,
26
,
59
,
96
,
145
–46

al-Qaeda’s desire for,
213
,
214
–30,
247

Iraq’s alleged possession of,
132
,
133
,
139
,
140
,
143
,
144
,
146
,
147
–48,
156
,
165
,
172
,
224
–25

Westergaard, Kurt,
236

Wilkinson, Jim,
141

Williams, Paul L.,
225

Willow Creek, N.C.,
240

Wilner, Thomas,
307

Wolfowitz, Paul,
43
,
54
,
83
,
154
,
158
,
174
,
179
,
276
,
294
–95

Hussein-al-Qaeda connection and,
135
–37,
142

Hussein’s overthrow desired by,
55
,
56
,
135

on Team B,
44

Wood, William B.,
190
–91,
193

Woodward, Bob,
321

World Bank,
128
,
162

World Islamic Front,
33

World Trade Center:

remains of,
52
–53

see also
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of

World Trade Center, 1993 attack on,
37
,
38
,
101
,
110
,
119

Saddam Hussein and,
56
,
134
–35,
136

World War I,
276

World War II,
39
,
170

Wurmser, David,
138

Yazid, Mustafa Abu al-,
188
,
197
,
211

Yee, James,
125

Yemen,
19
,
30
,
36
,
45
–46,
79
,
92
,
100
,
127
,
141
,
211
,
304
–5,
307
,
308

“Yoghurt project,”
220

Yoo, John,
104
–5,
108

Yousef, Ramzi,
101
,
119
,
136
–37

Yusuf, Jameel,
250

Zahir, Hajji,
74

Zahir Shah, Mohammed,
317

Zaidan, Ahmed,
26
,
61
,
341
–42,
348

Zarate, Juan,
207

Zardari, Asif Ali,
262
,
263
,
264

Zarqawi, Abu Musab al-,
143
,
144
,
160
–64,
165
,
224
,
267
,
269
–70,
301
,
318
,
343

Zawahiri, Ayman al-,
30
,
46
,
116
,
151
,
166
–67,
169
,
187
,
199
,
255
,
257
,
261
,
301
,
302
,
336
,
339
,
343
,
344
,
345
,
348

Azzam’s differences with,
17
,
18

bin Laden’s first meeting with,
17
,
23

bin Laden’s influence on,
23
–24

Egypt denounced by,
22
–23

in escape from Tora Bora,
78

Islamic criticism of,
299
,
300

in jail,
17
,
32
,
160

jihad as interpreted by,
17

jihadist cell set up by,
22
–23

and planning of 9/11,
2
,
4
–5

WMDs desired by,
215
,
219
–20,
223

Zazi, Najibullah,
233
–35,
243
,
244

Zelikow, Philip,
278

About the Author
 

Peter Bergen is the author of
Holy War, Inc.
, which has been translated into eighteen languages, and
The Osama bin Laden I Know
. They were both named among the best non-fiction books of the year by
The Washington Post
and documentaries based on the books were both nominated for Emmys. Bergen is CNN’s national security analyst and a fellow at the New America Foundation and New York University’s Center on Law & Security. He is a contributing editor at
The New Republic
and has worked as a correspondent for National Geographic television, Discovery, and CNN. He has held teaching positions at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. His writing has appeared in the
New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Foreign Affairs, Atlantic, Rolling Stone, Time, Vanity Fair
, and many other newspapers and magazines around the world. He is a member of the National Security Preparedness Group, a successor to the 9/11 Commission, and is the editor of the AfPak Channel, which can be found at
www.foreignpolicy.com/afpak
. He has testified before several congressional committees about Afghanistan, Pakistan, and al-Qaeda. Bergen holds a M.A. in modern history from New College, Oxford University. He is married to the documentary director Tresha Mabile. They live in Washington, D.C.