The Lie Detectors (42 page)

604
"Most authorities":
[Hoey Hearings], 2.

605
Nonetheless Senator Karl Mundt:
[Hoey Hearings], 2292.

606
"mannerisms and appearance":
Johnson,
Lavender,
73.

607
"Unless scientific tests":
NARA/RG59/b2/1E1: D. L. Nicholson and J. R. Ylitalo,"Review of 176 Closed Miscellaneous-M Files," 8/27/51.

608
"ardent Catholicism":
NARA/RG59/b12/1E1: "Memo to Scott McLeod,"4/20/53.

609
"hobbies, associates":
Johnson,
Lavender,
73.

610
"jelly hand shake":
Dean,
Imperial Brotherhood,
116.

611
"Look into his period":
NARA/RG59/b12/1E1: "Memo to Scott McLeod,"4/20/53.

612
80 percent confessed:
NARA/RG59/1953-60/b16: Peter Regis,"Conference of Regional Security Supervisors," 4/53.

613
"clear their name":
NARA/RG59/1953–60/b12/Bureau of Security: Thurston Morton to Senator Olin Johnston, 6/30/55,"Polygraph," [1955].

614
"just happened to remember":
Douglas Kelley in NARA/RG326/149: AEC, "In the Matter of ‘Lie-Detector’ Panel Meeting," 1/24/52, p. 84.

615
"without mentioning sexual perversion":
LKP-DoD: [Keeler, Inc.], "Final Examination," n.d.

616
"anguish, revulsion":
Thayer diaries, 3/23/53, quoted in Dean,
International Brotherhood,
111, 132, 136.

617
"beat":
NARA/RG59/1953–60/b12/BureauSecurity: Thurston Morton to Senator Olin Johnston, 6/30/55, and attached memo, "Polygraph," [1955].

618
In all, some 1,000:
Johnson,
Lavender,
166.

619
"More than anything":
Hoover, introduction to Fendall Yexra and Ogden R. Reid, "The Threat of Red Sabotage," reprinted from the
New York Herald Tribune,
1950.

620
"psychological aid":
See
WP,
6/8/53; Hoover, quoted in DDRS: Dwight D.

621 Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles, "Memorandum of Telephone Conversation," 3/17/53; FBI: E. H. Winterrow to D. M. Ladd, Re McCarthy, 5/13/49.

622
"experimental":
J. Edgar Hoover,
Scientific Methods of Crime Detection in the Judicial Process
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1935), 18.

623
Initially skeptical:
LKP-DoD: E. P. Coffey to Clyde Tolson, "Polygraph Study," 1935.

624
"I personally would not":
Albert Deutsch,
The Trouble with Cops
(New York: Crown, 1954), 171. See also
WP,
6/8/53. See also FBI: J. Edgar Hoover, note on E. A. Tamm to E. P. Coffey, 9/24/45; FBI: Clyde Tolson to J. Edgar Hoover, 3/7/50. Athan Theoharis,
J. Edgar Hoover, Sex, and Crime: A Historical Antidote
(Chicago: Ivan Dee, 1995).

625
"He was of no":
Chandler,
Long Goodbye,
732.

626
"No one has ever":
LKP-DoD: [Waukegan, Ill.] to L.K., 3/10/46.

627
"behind the scenes":
Gardner,"Two Men Wait,"
Argosy
(1/51): 35.

628
"greatest murder mystery":
Gardner,"My Most Baffling Murder Case,"
Mercury Mystery Book Magazine
4 (1/58): 106–114, quotation, 106.

629
"the most intense drama":
Gardner,
New York Journal American,
10/19/43.

630
"turn around the bad":
Alfred de Marigny,
A Conspiracy of Crowns: The True Story of the Duke of Windsor and the Murder of Sir Harry Oakes
(New York: Crown, 1990), 89. See also Marshall Houts,
King’s X: Common Law and the Death of Sir Harry Oakes
(New York: Morrow, 1972).

631
"just as Perry":
Gardner,
New York Journal American,
10/18/43.

632
"T
HE
M
AN
W
HO
":
Gardner,
New York Journal American,
10/19/43.

633
"grandstanding":
JLP/7: J.L. to C. Goddard, 11/10/43.

634
"The Magic Lie Detector":
Alva Johnston,
Saturday Evening Post
(4/22/44): 26–27, 63; (4/29/44): 20,101–102; (4/15/44): 9–11, 72.

635
"Lie Detector Clears Joe": CDT,
12/4/44. See also ISA/Pardon and Parole Board/Majczek: L.K., "Joseph Majczek, case #3749," 11/27/44; John J. McPhaul,
Deadlines and Monkeyshines: The Fabled World of Chicago Journalism
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1962), 191–202.

636
"
FIRST REPORTER
":
Jay Dratler,
Call Northside 777
(Twentieth Century Fox, 1947); phrasing differs slightly from revised shooting script, 9/13/47. See also Jennifer Mnookin and Nancy West,"Theaters of Proof: Visual Evidence and the Law in
Call Northside 777,
"
Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities
13 (2001): 329–390.

637
"[A] lawyer would ask": CT,
2/10/48.

638
"brain-wave detector": Chicago Herald American,
2/6/48.

639
"the entire truth"
and
"didn’t believe": Chicago Daily Sun and Times,
2/9/48.

640
Then Theodore Marcinkiewicz:
CCCP/31684: W. J. Devereux and D. I. McCain, "Theodore Marcinkiewicz," 2/3/48.
Chicago Daily Sun and Times,
2/24/50.

641
"a militant body":
Gardner, "A Dead Man Works for Justice,"
Argosy
(5/50): 80.

642
"Remember":
Gardner,"Was Gross Railroaded?"
Argosy
(9/49): 79.

643
"We had to know"
and
"[W]hen Keeler":
Erle Stanley Gardner,
The Court of
Last Resort
(New York: William Sloane, 1952), 24, 87. See also Dorothy B. Hughes,
Erle Stanley Gardner: The Case of the Real Perry Mason
(New York: Morrow, 1978).

644
"still-waters-run-deep": CDN,
3/19/48.

645
"good ones":
EFMP: E. F. McDonald to L.K., 7/10/44.

646
"My darling":
LKP/2: Marie Trolle to L.K., [1943].

647
"After all, if the":
LKP/2: Marie Trolle to L.K., 2/27/44.

648
"Oh hold me":
LKP/2: Sarah Elizabeth Rodger, "And If I Cry Release,"[1944]; also Rodger,
If I Cry Release
(New York: Doubleday, 1940), 2–3.

649
"one you can":
LKP/2: Rodger to L.K., Friday, [1944].

650
"I just don’t know":
LKP/2: Rodger to L.K., 8/44.

651
"stunning young woman": CT,
7/31/42.

652
"tall and poised": CT,
8/9/42.

653
"so take heart":
LKP/2: Franja Hutchins to L.K., 5/1/44.

654
"We cannot love":
LKP/2: Franja Hutchins to L.K., 4/18/45.

655
"My hobby is collecting"
and
"Many times":
LKP/2: Anon., "A Tribute to Leonarde Keeler,"
International Association for the Detection of Deception,
[1949–1950].

656
According to the head:
ADMP: Agnes de Mille,"[Keeler]," [1980s].

657
In her diaries:
ADMP: Agnes de Mille,"[Keeler]," [1980s]. De Mille recorded the episode a few weeks after the events, and wrote several versions over the years.

658
"bitter memory":
L.K. in LKP/2: Jesse and Mildred Bollman to L.K., [1944].

659
"Kay loved to live":
LKP-DoD: Claire Applegate to L.K., 12/8/44. See also TWU: Adolph Kurek,"Report of Major Accident," 11/27/44.

660
Total income:
LKP/2: "Leonarde Keeler, Inc., Balance Sheet," 3/31/50.

661
"complete wash-out":
LKP-DoD: L.K. to James Elder, 10/10/45.

662
"on a wharf":
LKP/2: L.K. to E.K., 7/25/49.

663
His sisters divided:
CCCP/49P8223: Leonarde Keeler probate, 12/27/50.

664
"I
NVENTOR OF
L
IE
": CT,
9/21/49;
NYT,
9/21/49.

665
"true or only made up":
Quesalid, quoted on p. 150 of Harry Whitehead, "The Hunt for Quesalid: Tracking Lévi-Strauss’ Shaman,"
Anthropology and Medicine
7 (2000): 149–168, which recounts the true story of Quesalid, a half-English, half-Tlingit man also known as Bruce Hunt, who married into the Kwakiutl group and long served as an interpreter for the anthropologist Franz Boas.

666
"Quesalid did not":
Claude Levi-Strauss, "The Sorcerer and His Magic," in
Structural Anthropology,
trans. Claire Jacobson and Brooke Grundfest Schoepf (New York: Basic Books, [1949], 1963), 1:180.

667
"
FRANKENSTEIN
: They?":
Garrett Fort and Francis Edwards Faragoh,
Frankenstein,
ed. Philip J. Riley (Absecon, N.J.: MagicImage Filmbooks, 1989), 80.

668
"I regarded him":
LKP/2: A.V. to Viola Stevens, 4/21/40.

669
"high school kid"
to
"always refused":
JLP-BG: J.L. and Robert Borkenstein, "Present Status of Lie Detector…," [late 1950s].

670
"flamboyant self-confidence":
JLP/7: J.L., typescript attached to letter of J.L. to Claude Broom, 6/25/63.

671
"invented":
JLP-BG: J.L. to Lucile Burke, 6/6/51.

672
"many years":
AVP/18: J.L. to A.V., 6/2/51.

673
"Maybe I have":
JLP/8: A.V. to J.L., 6/12/51, emphasis in original.

674
"America’s greatest cop":
Albert Deutsch,
Collier’s,
2/3/51.

675
"their disorganized":
JLP-JH: J.L. to Adolf Meyer, 5/1/47.

676
"awful mess":
JLP-JH: J.L. to Adolf Meyer, 9/22/47.

677
"Reactograph": Logansport Pharos Tribune,
[January 1950].

678
A glowing write-up:
Albert Q. Maisel,"Scandal Results in Real Reform,"
Life
(11/12/51): 140–154.

679
"[Larson] is one":
JLP/7: Warren Pugh,"Re: John A. Larson," 7/26/55.

680
"fifteen-to-twenty hour days":
JLP-JH: Frank D. Tikalsky, 4/4/62. LeRoy A. Stone, "Using the Polygraph to Detect Lying and Deception: The Hoax of the Century,
Journal of Forensic Psychonomics
(2003), at www.home.earthlink.net/~lastone2/forensicarticle6.htm.

681
"Sometimes his idealism":
JLP-JH: R. F. Borkenstein, 12/3/56.

682
"whipped into shape":
JLP/2: J.L.,"Beginning the…," [1960s].

683
"magnum opus":
JLP/7: J.L. to Joseph Kubis, 4/10/61.

684
In the 1940s his manuscript:
JLP-BG: Mary Irwin (U. Chicago Press) to J.L., 3/7/40.

685
"By the 1950s, it had":
JLP/2: J.L., "[Summary of]
Psychobiology of Detection…,
" n.d.

686
"Our text from the book":
JLP-BG: J.L. to Alexander Moris, 3/5/57.