The Law Under the Swastika (53 page)

judges,
xii
; appointed rather than elected,
132–33
; and de-Nazification,
3
; and ideology,
15
; independence,
161
; in National Socialist regime,
2–3
; protected by postwar government,
162–63
; punished by Soviets,
246n.37
; in Weimar Republic,
2
,
15
; writings on National Socialism,
27–28
,
32–35
,
145–53

judicial review,
14
,
16
,
134–35
,
141
,
150
,
181

judicial system,
14–15
; rebuilt by Allies,
167–84

Jugendschutzgesetz,
17

Jung, Edgar,
93

Jungdeutscher Orden
,
74
,
92
,
97

Jünger, Ernst,
92
,
93

Justi, G. H. G. von,
94

Kaisenberg, Georg,
104

Kantorowicz, H.,
89

Kaser, Max,
52
,
55–56

Kaufmann, Erich,
13
,
89
,
96
,
100
,
104
; writings,
90–91

Kelsen, Hans,
13
,
75
,
89
,
93
,
96
,
100
; writings,
90
,
95

Kempski, Jürgen von,
52

Kiel School,
59

Kiesinger, K. G.,
101

Kiesselbach, Wilhelm,
175
,
178

Kirchberg, Christian,
138

Kirchenkampf
,
12
,
138

Klein, Franz,
188
,
251n.12

Koellreutter, Otto,
13
,
75
,
88
,
100
,
104
; and administrative law,
112
,
119–20
,
227n.72
; differences with Höhn over idea of community,
74
,
77–79
,
81
; opposition to Weimar Republic,
92
; support for National Socialism,
96–97

Kogon, E.,
13

Köhler, Ludwig von,
111

Kohlhammer Verlag,
122

Kohlmeier, Ph. I.,
138

Kollmann, Ottmar,
104

Koschaker, Paul,
26
; and “crisis of Roman law,”
21
,
42
,
51–52
,
60
,
206n.15

Köttgen, Arnold,
75
,
109
,
112
,
227n.85
; on administrative law,
114
,
121
,
125
; and concept of state,
79

KPD,
12
,
92
,
173–74
.
See also
Communists

Kraft durch Freude
,
18
,
71
,
198n.74

Krahwinkel, H.,
61

Krannhals,
93

Krausnick, Helmut,
33

Krebs, Mario,
155–56
,
158
,
162

Kreller, Hans,
50
,
52–53

Kristallnacht
,
14

Kröger, Klaus,
42

Krüger, Herbert,
97

Küchenhoff, E.,
13

Küchenhoff, G.,
75

Külz, Helmut R.,
137

Laband, Paul,
88
,
104
,
204n.25

labor law,
9
,
11
,
56
; effects of National Socialism on,
17
,
70–71
; and idea of community,
64
,
70–71
; in occupied Germany,
171
,
173

Labor Organization,
17

Laforet, Wilhelm,
111

Lammers, Heinrich,
104

Länder
,
1
,
12
; and administrative jurisdiction,
132
,
136–42
; courts,
236nn.69–70
; in American zone,
176
; in Soviet zone,
173

Landgerichte,
171–72
; defined,
1

land law,
72
,
171

landlord and tenant law,
69–70

land register law,
9

Langbehn, Julius,
58

Lange, Heinrich,
45
,
53
,
76
,
179

Larenz, K.,
69
,
80
,
92

Lassar, Gerhard,
104

Laun, Rudolf von,
96

Law against the Disproportionately High Number of Jews Attending High Schools,
ix

law codes,
1

Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring,
17

Law for the Protection of Young People,
17

law of obligations,
69
,
71

Law on Homeworking,
17

Law on State Labor,
17

Law on the Constitution of the Courts,
172

Law on the Organization of National Labor,
17
,
70–71
,
77

Laws of Procedure,
1

Law to Restore the Professional Civil Service,
ix

lay judges in Soviet zone,
174
,
246–47n.53

League of National Socialist German Jurists,
50
; University Teachers’ Group,
97

Leers, Johann von,
58

legal curriculum,
49–51
,
123–24
; reform,
118
; 1935 regulations,
25
,
51

legal history,
6
,
21–22
,
203n.44
; issues of methodology,
25–27
; of Nazi regime,
27–47
; obstacles to studying Nazi period,
27–42
; of period from 1945 to 1949,
167–84
; progress in,
42–63

legality, principle of,
20

legal journals,
98–99
,
117
,
179
; and administrative jurisdiction,
130
; on public law,
104–5
.
See also names of journals

legal scholars: coming to terms with past,
99–101
,
151
; constitutional,
13
,
41
,
87–101
,
191–92
; Germanists,
41
,
43–44
; Jewish,
43
,
49
,
51
; Romanists,
41
,
43–44

legal terminology,
64–83

Leibholz, Gerhard,
13
,
96
,
100

Lerche, Peter,
185
,
186

Lewald, Walter,
178

liberalism: before National Socialism,
56–57
,
95
,
108
; polemics against,
74–77
,
81
,
98
,
102–3
; retained in Nazi state,
68

Lindenau, Heinrich,
104

Lippe,
142

Liszt, Franz von,
20

Litt, Theodor,
91

Locke, John,
94

Lubbe, Marinus van der (Reichstag arsonist),
156

Lüneburg,
141

Magdeburg,
104

Mannheim, Karl,
59

Marburg,
146

marriage: goal of,
197n.72

marriage and family laws,
9
,
17
,
71–72
,
77
,
171
,
180
; divorce,
72
,
172

Maßnahmen
,
13
.
See also
state: prerogative

Maunz, Theodor: during Nazi regime,
13
,
75
,
78
,
97
,
101
,
107
,
112–13
,
221n.10
; revelations about his postwar activities,
xii–xiii
,
185–92

Mayer, Otto,
75
,
108
,
110
,
112
,
115

Mecklenburg,
142

Medicus, Franz Albrecht,
104
,
121

Meeting of Constitutional Theorists (1926),
91

Meinecke, Friedrich,
25

Melsheimer, E.,
179

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Albrecht,
104

Menger, Anton,
89

Menger, Ch. F.,
134
,
135–36

Merk, Walther,
58
,
92

Merk, Wilhelm,
74
,
77–78

Mertens, Alois,
156

Messerschmidt, Manfred,
151–54

Meyer, Herbert,
41
,
57
,
58
,
61

Michaelis, Karl,
59

middle class: antibourgeois aspects of National Socialism,
74
,
128
; codependency with Nazi regime,
45–46
,
62
,
71
,
92
,
93
; in Soviet zone,
174
,
179

military justice,
3
,
20
,
145–54
,
170
; court archives,
153
; courts,
148
; judges,
151–52
; in World War I.,
147

minorities: disenfranchisement of,
14
; laws discriminating against,
11
.
See also
Jehovah’s Witnesses; gypsies; homosexuals; Jews

Mirow, Adolf,
104

miscarriage of justice,
148

Mitteilungen des Reichsverbandes der akademischen Finanz- und Zollbeamten
,
104

Mitteis, Heinrich,
25–26
,
42
,
47
,
62–63

Mitteis, L.,
43

modernization,
48–49

Mohl, R. von,
94

Mommsen, Th.,
36

Montesquieu,
94

morality,
5–6

Müller, Ingo,
22

Munich,
187

Mussolini,
52

Nass, Otto,
119
,
122

national community,
13
,
17
,
46
,
48
,
64–83
,
93
,
102
,
128

Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands,
28

national-Romanticism,
58
,
60
,
89

National Socialism,
viii
,
x
,
xii
,
7–8
; appearance of normality,
160
; coming to terms with,
28–39
; continuity with past and present,
viii–xii
,
7–8
; early actions of regime,
2

National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
See
Nazi party

National Socialist ideology: contradictions of,
106–7
,
120
,
141
; emotional content of,
44
; in occupied Germany,
170
,
183–84
; as principle of legal interpretation,
14
,
17
,
19
,
141
; vagueness of,
82

National Socialist language,
45–46
,
64–83
,
103
,
212n.18

National Socialist law: broadly interpreted,
8–9
,
15
; definitions,
9
; relative to law of Weimar Republic,
7–8
,
199n.91
; scholarly study of,
9–10
; who made the laws,
8

National Socialist Lawyers’ Association,
11
,
104–5
,
121–22

Natorp, P.,
89

natural law,
vii–viii
,
xi
,
5–6
,
10
,
47
,
159
,
174
,
179
,
181–82
; “ethnic-national,”
15
; post-war recommendations,
21
; renaissance,
145
,
179
.
See also
conflict between natural and positive law

Nawiasky, Hans,
13
,
91
,
96
,
100
,
187

Nazi party,
12
,
49
,
51
,
79
,
120
; and censorship,
122
; conflict with state,
16
,
128
; granted special powers,
19
; unconstitutionality,
92

Nazi seizure of power: 50th anniversary,
156

Nebinger, R.,
111

Neesze, G.,
78

neo-Nazis,
xiii

Neumann,
177

New Right,
x

Nicolai, Helmut,
21
,
58
,
98
,
104–5

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
37

nonlaw,
xi
,
5–6
,
42
,
158–159
; defined,
193n.1

Norden, Walter,
116–17

Nörr, Knut Wolfgang,
42

NSDAP.
See
Nazi party

NS-Rechtswahrerbund
,
11
,
104–5
,
121–22

nullification of Nazi law,
167
,
169–71
,
180–84
,
244n.18

Nuremberg Laws,
ix
,
xii

Nuremberg Trials,
xii

Obergerichte,
148

Oberländer, M.,
101
,
185

Oberländer, Theodor,
xiii

Oberlandesgerichte,
1
,
172
,
175
; in Celle,
11
; in Hamburg,
180

Oberverwaltungsgerichte,
16–17

Oertzen, Peter von,
91

Oppenheimer, Franz,
89