Authors: Joel C. Rosenberg
Bennett began by stating for the record that Resolution 242 (and its corollary, Resolution 338) had served as the basis of all previous Arab-Israeli negotiations and should continue to do so. He reaffirmed that the president would commence discussions with other countries in the region to enter peace talks with Israel, and that Morocco and Pakistan were already showing a surprising degree of interest. Then he dropped the bomb. He noted that the resolution called for an Israeli withdrawal “from territories occupied in the recent conflict,” not “from
all
territories occupied.” The distinction was importantâland for peace, but not necessarily
all
the land for peace.
“My government accepts that there will be controversy on this point,” said Bennett. “And I don't want to bog down on this point right now. It's something for the final status negotiations, not this Transition Period. We simply want to acknowledge up front that we're aware of this controversy and sympathetic to both sides' points of view.”
Sa'id wasn't happy that Bennett had brought it up at all, but for now he let it pass. Grateful the land mine he'd just stepped on hadn't yet gone off, Bennett continued.
To this end, the U.S. proposes:
Phase Iâa three-year Transition Period
Phase IIâfinal status negotiations
Phase IIIâsigning/implementation of a final Peace Treaty
Bennett now began outlining the proposed guidelines for the Transition Period.
A. Coordinating Body
A Coordinating Body, headed by the United Statesâin consultation with those Arab States who recognize the State of Israel, and NATOâwill be responsible for assisting the Palestinian prime minister and the Palestinian Legislative Council in the planning and formation of a brand-new, democratic government structure. The new government will be known as the Palestinian Administrative Authority (PAA), to distinguish it from its predecessor.
Every measure possible will be taken by the PAA and the United States government to prevent anyone with ties to terrorism from participating in the new Palestinian government.
U.S. military and security forces, at the discretion of the president of the United States, will not leave the territories in question until the PAA is deemed by the president of the United States as ready, willing, and able to operate effectively and prevent terror attacks against Israel or elsewhere. Neither said a word. Again, Bennett continued.
B. Administrative Authority
A Palestinian Administrative Authority will be established in the areas under Palestinian control. The PAA will be responsible for administering the day-to-day lives of the Palestinians in matters such as the economy, police and law enforcement, education, housing, religion, culture, communications, and other sectors.
The employees of the PAA will be Palestinians who have not been involved, directly or indirectly, in any terror activities.
The PAA will operate for a Transition Period of at least three years.
During this Period, Ibrahim Sa'id will remain the prime minister, and the current members of the Palestinian Legislative Council will remain in place.
During this Period, the required democratic structures and conditions will be created so as to enable the sides to enter into permanent settlement negotiations at the end of the Period.
At the end of the Period, free and open elections will be held in these areas. The elections will be administered and overseen by the Coordinating Body, in order to ensure that they are being held in accordance with accepted democratic standards. Only after such elections will final status negotiations be concluded.
For now, neither Sa'id nor Doron registered an objection or asked a question.
Sa'id's interim appointment was only for eighteen months. But he'd insisted upon democratic Palestinian elections as part of his agreement to accept the prime ministership, and the PLC had readily agreed, so that wasn't likely to be a problem.
So far, so good. But it was the next section that would set off the fireworks.
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Washington's focus was now on the FBI field office in Buffalo.
Special Agent George Polanski took a call from Dorothy Richards, Ruth Bennett's sister, from her farm in Lackawanna, just south of Buffalo. She was sorry for calling so early, but she was worried. Mrs. Richards explained that she and her husband had attended a New Year's Eve party at a neighbor's. It was their first time out of the house since Ruth's disappearance and they were hoping to let off a little steam. They'd just gotten home and found two voice-mail messages. Both were from their grown children, one in San Diego, the other in Austin, Texas. But when they'd checked their “call log,” they found two calls from the 212 area code in New York City. Both were from the same phone, but the number wasn't one they recognized. The caller ID system had been blocked from the other end.
Was it Ruth? Was it her kidnappers? Was it a ransom call they'd missed? They had no idea. Cursing themselves for not being home to get the calls, they wrote down the number and called the FBI field office, as they'd been instructed to do if anything unusual came up.
Polanski immediately dispatched agents to the Richardses' farm to take a full statement and tap their phones. A colleague began running a trace of the 212 number. Simultaneously, Polanski called the FBI Operations Center in Washington to brief them on the newest development. Nine minutes later, his phone was ringing off the hook.
“Polanski.”
“Special Agent George Polanski?”
“Yeah, who's this?”
“This is the White House operator. Please stand by for the president.”
Polanski couldn't believe it. He cradled the phone on his shoulder and began rummaging through his desk. He found his bottle of Tums and popped it open. It was empty. Suddenly the president was on the line.
“Agent Polanski?”
“Yes, sir.”
“This is Jim MacPherson. How are you today?”
“Busy, sir. And you?”
“I'll bet you are. As you can imagine, I'm taking a special interest in this case. What can you tell me about this phone call to the Richardses' farm?”
“Not much sir, I⦔
Polanski's partner was shoving a yellow legal pad in his face with some scribbles he could barely read.
“Wait, hold on a moment, Mr. President, I may have something hereâ¦.”
“Take your time, son.”
“Yes, sirâI⦔
“What is it?” MacPherson demanded.
“You sure this is right?” Polanski asked his partner.
“Agent Polanski, what have you got?” the president asked again.
“Sir, we just ran a trace on this numberâ¦.”
“Whose phone is it?”
“Mr. President, it's⦔
“It's
what?
”
“Sirâ¦it'sâ¦it's Jon Bennett's cell phone.”
Bennett hesitated.
But there was no getting around it. So he braced himself, and dived in.
C. Security and Terror Prevention Arrangements
During the Transition Period, the United States will continue to be responsible for overall security, as well as for the freedom of passage in the entire area from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea
The United States will assist the PAA in recruiting, hiring, training, and deploying police and law enforcement officers. The employees of the new PAA security forces will be Palestinians who have not been involved, directly or indirectly, in any terror activities or the civil war.
The United States will also assist the PAA in establishing an independent judiciary, including the recruitment, hiring, training, and oversight of judges, prosecutors, and public defenders, all for the purpose of establishing the rule of law and ensuring fair, speedy, and just trials and all manner of legal procedures.
For security purposes, Israel will have the right to set up transition zones and buffer zonesâin cooperation with U.S. forces and PAA leadersâusing any appropriate method, to prevent the renewal and resurgence of terror activities.
It sounded innocuous enough, but Sa'id was furious.
“Absolutely notâthat's
completely
unacceptable,” he said instantly and a bit louder than he'd meant to. “Of course I accept Israel's need for security. But that last part is nothing but a thinly veiled cover for Doron's illegal and immoral âsecurity fence' between our two peoples. We are absolutely and unequivocally opposed to such language, and I can tell you right now, Jonathan, that this is a deal breaker for us.”
Bennett had been warned in a conference call a few days before with Deputy Secretary (and now acting Secretary of State) Dick Cavanaugh to expect precisely this reaction. But Sa'id was even more heated than Bennett had expected from an old friend.
It was true that between Israel and the West Bank, the government of Israel was already building a wall some 20 feet high and 220 miles long, including around the 30-mile perimeter of Jerusalem's municipal boundaries, effectively cutting off East Jerusalem from the rest of the West Bank. This would be combined with a sophisticated network of underground and long-range electronic sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles, trenches, land mines, guard paths and checkpoints reminiscent of Checkpoint Charlie between East and West Berlin during the cold war.
Eighty-five miles were already completeâat a cost of some $2 million a mileâbut Palestinian officials were going ballistic. “This is a fascist, apartheid measure being done, and we do not accept it,” Arafat had told the Israeli newspaper
Ha'aretz.
“We will continue rejecting it by all means.” Mohammed Dahlan echoed the apartheid theme, telling the Israeli daily
Yedioth Aharonot
that “this fence will be a fence of hate. The âwhites' will be in Tel Aviv and the âblacks' in the West Bank.”
Doron wasn't about to be swayed.
“A security fence is absolutely nonnegotiable,” the Israeli prime minister said quietly. “Look at all the suicide bombers. Look at what's happening in the territories right now. I simply cannot allow Israeli citizens to be vulnerable to such violence day after day after day. A fence doesn't solve every problem but it solves many of them. We should have finished it a long time ago.”
“No, no, I'm sorry, no,” Sa'id responded, careful to control his passion. “You are constructing the Berlin Wall. No matter what you call it, it becomes a de facto political boundary. And after you spend a billion dollars on it, are you going to take it down? Of course not. A fence creates facts on the ground that affect the final status. So it's either one or the other. Either we negotiate our boundaries now, and probably get nowhere, or we negotiate a Transition Period, and no fence.”
“Whoa, whoa, gentlemen,” Bennett broke in. “You've got problems with this section. That's fine. I promise you we will take all the time it takes to work our way through that mine field. But not today. That starts Monday. Fair enough?”
It was a serious stumbling block. But they could certainly wait another few days. Both men nodded, reluctantly.
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Now it was the president who hesitated.
Bennett was in the middle of sensitive negotiations at a critical moment. The last thing MacPherson wanted to do was interrupt whatever momentum the peace talks were beginning to develop, or further distract an already beleaguered Bennett as he guided the two prime ministers through the plan.
Still, they needed Bennett's input. Did he have his cell phone with him on the “Mount of Olives”? It wasn't his White House phone. That had a 202 area code number. It was his GSX phone. Why was he still using it? Had he called his aunt? Twice? Why hadn't he left a message? Or did someone else have his cell phone? And if so, why?
A check of phone company records and Bennett's LUDsâline-usage detailsâindicated that some calls from the cell phone had been made from Germany. That had to be while Bennett was there in the hospital. Other calls had been made from Orlando. That had to be the two days Bennett was visiting his mom after getting out of the hospital and back to the States. After that, not a single call had been made for almost three weeks until the two calls to Buffalo. Had Bennett given the phone to his mother?
They needed answers and time was critical. If Ruth Bennett was still alive, the cell phone might now be their only hope. If she wasn't, the phone could lead the feds to her killers. Scott Harrisâstanding in the Oval Office with the president, vice president, Marsha Kirkpatrick, and Lee Jamesâcould see MacPherson was agonizing over the decision. He tried to take off some of the pressure.
“Mr. President, if I may?” said Harris.
“Please, Scott, by all means.”
“Let's allow Jon to keep working undistracted for now. My people can work this thing from several angles. We won't call the phone until we talk to Jon and find out what he did with the phone. Perhaps we can regroup in a few hours. Is that fair?”
The president looked around to the others. All nodded agreement.
“Fine. Let's meet back here this afternoon. Scott, you pick the time. Coordinate through Marsha. Now, where are we with the suicide bombers?”
Homeland Security Secretary Lee James took that.
“So far, so good, Mr. President. You know the stats. No attacks yet and lots of people scooped up. Moreover, it appears that when our Special Forces in Iraq took out those two carloads of people on the border of Syriaâ”
“You mean when we caught Daoud Juma?”
“Exactlyâbest we can tell at this point, most of the men in the two cars that were blown up by Hellfire missiles were fedayeen heading for the U.S.”
“You mean we got a bunch of suicide bombers and didn't even realize it?”
“That's the current thinking.”
“But there could still be some out there.”
“Well, sir, from all the interrogationsâremember, we've got a lot of people in custody right now and we're working them pretty hardâanyway, from all these interrogations, we think we may have gotten all of the bombers but one.”
“Really?”
“Don't quote me on that. I don't want that out in the press. But yes, we think we've gotten all but one.”
“And this lone bomberâdo you think he's already in the country?”
“Impossible to say. But I think we've got to go on that assumption.”
“So what do we do to find him?”
“If it is a
him,
” added Kirkpatrick.
“Well, sir, whoever it is had to have slipped into the country within days if not hours of your order to close the borders from any new people entering, and the arrivalâor attempted arrivalâof the other bombers.”
“Assuming it's not a sleeper agent,” noted the president.
“Right. But nothing we've gleaned from the bombers in custody would indicate that they're using sleeper agents for this mission,” James responded. “There may be some here, providing weapons, explosives, what have you. But they don't appear to be ready to blow themselves up.”
“OK, assuming you're right, it's still like finding a needle in a haystack, isn't it?”
“Well, assuming we're right, at least we've got the time frame narrowed down to a few hours or a few days before we went to Threat Condition Red. So what we're doing right now is recheckingâby handâthe identities of every single person who legally entered the country during that time frame, double-checking to see if they are who they said they are, and if any names ring a bell with us, the CIA, Interpol, the Israelis, you name it.”
“And if this guyâor galâgot into the country illegally?” asked MacPherson.
It was a question none of them wanted to answer.
Oblivious to events back home, Bennett pressed on with his presentation.
D. Development of Democratic Life
The Coordinating Body, together with the PAA, will formulate new educational programs, curricula, and textbooks for all levels which inculcate values of peace rather than of terror, and will eliminate those educational programs which encourage and praise terror.
Freedom of political, social, and religious association (which is not based on terror) will be established as a means of building a democratic political structure, which will support free elections and be responsible for the day-to-day administration of the civilian life of the residents.
Freedom of speech and press will be guaranteed, restricted only by a prohibition of direct or indirect support of terror.
Agreement with and adherence to these principles will be an essential prerequisite for all economic and other assistance which will be given to the Palestinian Administration Authority.
Doron liked what he saw, though he was careful not to show it. Sa'id, too, was pleased. How he was going to get all this passed by the legislature, however moderate they claimed to be, was another question. But that was a fight for another day.
Another diplomatic land mine was about to go off, and Sa'id could feel it coming.
E. Dismantling of Refugee Camps
The Coordinating Body, immediately upon the establishment of the PAA, will work in close coordination to build normal apartments and homes for those in the refugee camps, and then dismantle the camps altogether. Arab countries, with the assistance of the United Nations, will finance this effort.
In the first stage, the refugee camps in the West Bank will be dismantled, followed by a second stage in which the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip will be dismantled.
F. Evacuation of Jewish Settlements
The Coordinating Body, immediately upon the establishment of the PAA, will work in close coordination with the government of Israel to evacuate Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The evacuations will commence no later than six months after the signing of this agreement by Israel. The Israeli prime minister will publicly support such evacuation, and his government will assist the Jewish residents of these enclaves in relocating them to new homes within the State of Israel.
Israeli police and/or military forces will be given safe, temporary passage to such settlements to assist in their orderly evacuation.
The Coordinating Body will assess the value of these settlementsâtheir land, buildings, infrastructure and relocation costsâand establish their fair market value.
The PAA will have the option to purchase said settlements at their fair market value within two years of their evacuation, or they may put them up for auction, available only to current residents of the PAA areas.
Both men held their fire. Now was not the time.
Doron couldn't wait to see the Palestinian refugee camps dismantled and new apartments built with Arab and U.N. money. That should have been done decades before. But as Bennett and McCoy could see, he took serious exception at the suggestion that he should evacuate
every
Jewish settlement in the disputed territories.
And he was supposed to
sell
those settlements to the Palestinians? It was political suicide. He could see dismantling some. But all? There was no way, and the Americans knew it. Nevertheless, Doron calmly made a few cryptic notes in the margins, and nodded for Bennett to proceed. There was no need for alarm, he reminded himself. Americans were playing poker, and Israel had a full house. Israel still controlled the land, and possession was, after all, nine-tenths of the law.
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The Viper snaked his way north on I-95.
Atlanta and Savannah were finally behind him, though they'd not gone as planned. He'd expected to get his share of explosives at the first stop, a cache of weapons at the second. But at the last moment, his Al-Nakbah control agentâa sleeper from Saudi Arabia, working for a midsize life insurance firm near Atlantaâhad called an audible.