The Last Battle (42 page)

adds Germans to Lee’s rescue force,
124

defends Schloss Itter,
128–130
,
132–133
,
137–139

killed by sniper’s bullet,
150
,
164

postwar honors and interment,
169

German Alliance for Combating the Dangers of Tobacco,
12

Germany invades unoccupied France (1942),
31
,
55

Germany surrenders (May 7, 1945),
164–165

Gestapo

arrests Borotra,
48

arrests Clemenceau,
56–57

and Austrian resisters,
10
,
74

execute anti-Nazis in Tyrol,
87

executes deserters,
102

reprisals against Austrian civilians,
76

Giehl Battle Group

Gangl’s roles on staff,
87–90

stops fighting, surrenders to Allies,
102

uses hit-and-run tactics,
72–73

Gill, Joe W.,
154–157
,
159–161

Giraud, Henri,
53

Goff, Glenn A.,
154
,
156

Granger, Marcel

background as resister,
52

at Dachau,
52–53

postwar,
167

Granger, Pierre,
53

Granger, Renée Giraud,
53

Great Depression,
9
,
26
,
78

Gris (Kramers’s sergeant),
120
,
142–143
,
153

Grüner, Franz,
9
,
11
,
12
,
13

Guards (SS-TV) of Schloss Itter,
17
,
23
,
42
,
64–65
,
92–93
,
107

Hagleitner, Rupert

arrives at Schloss Itter,
160

as key figure in Wörgl resistance cell,
76–77
,
87–88
,
110

protects Wörgl citizens,
90

with Lee at Schloss Itter,
122–123

at Neue Post Inn,
145

Himmler, Heinrich

changes Schloss Itter to prison,
11–13

detains Daladier, Blum, Gamelin,
31

ignores Wehrmacht complaints about atrocities,
19

orders executions of men showing white flags,
90

rounds up extended Giraud family,
53

Hitler, Adolf

assassination attempted,
100

brutalizes New Germany,
18

opposed to tobacco use,
12

orders Riom Trial halted,
30–31

orders Weygand’s arrest,
55

rises to power,
9

threatens Czech Sudetenland,
26–27

suicide,
2
,
111
,
119

Hitler Youth

movement/Hitlerjugend,
71
,
85
,
97
,
155

Höckel (Gangl’s lieutenant )

as key figure in Wörgl resistance cell,
110–111

bolsters Lee’s troops,
124

defends Schloss Itter,
128–129
,
143
,
151

Holbrook, Wallace S.,
123

Holy Roman Empire,
6–7

Honor prisoners

introduced,
40–42

conditions at Schloss Itter,
63–64

Wimmer’s ground rules, false pledge,
40–42
,
94

relations fractured by differing politics,
27
,
62–63
,
162

plan Čučković’s search for Allies,
103–104

directed to cellars by Lee,
127–129

defy Lee’s orders,
137
,
139
,
146–147

seize weapons when guards flee,
107

fire on Waffen-SS,
148–150

postwar lives and deaths,
165–169

See also under specific names

Inflexible harshness doctrine,
19
,
21

Inn River valley

Allied air attacks,
76

history,
5

6th Army Group advances,
69–71

with specialized mountain-warfare units,
70

von Hengl defends passes against allies,
72

von Hengl retreats from Wörgl,
89

Innsbruck

German defense led by von Hengl,
71–72

advanced upon, captured, by Allies,
69–71
,
103
,
120

Čučković brings rescue message to Allies,
106–107

Kramers’s rescue mission sets out,
120–121

resistance cell,
74

McAuliffe hosts liberated VIPs,
163

International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU),
38–39

Italy,
38
,
68
,
76

Itter village,
5
,
9–10
,
159

Jacomet, Robert,
29
,
31

Jews

active in Austrian resistance cells,
73

brutalization sanctioned by Nazis,
18

and Eicke’s inflexible harshness,
19

Majdanek extermination center,
20

Parisians rounded up by Nazis,
47–48

Totenkopfstandarte atrocities,
18–19

Joffre, Joseph,
33

Joseph II, emperor of Holy Roman Empire,
6–7

Jouhaux, Léon

background,
36–37

arrested, interned, by Vichy secret police,
39–40

as CGT/labor movement leader,
38–40
,
49
,
166

arrested, interned, by Vichy,
39–40

joined by Bruchlen at Schloss Itter,
48–50

shunned by de la Rocque,
63

summons Schrader to Schloss Itter,
108

defies Lee’s orders,
146
,
148

postwar life and death,
166
,
169

Journal de Captivité, 1940–1945
(Daladier),
165–166

Keblitsch (Gangl’s corporal),
110–112
,
116
,
121

Keyes, Geoffrey,
68

Klan Network,
59

Konrad VI von Haimberg, bishop of Regensburg,
6

Kramers, John T.

organizes rescue force from Innsbruck,
120–121

advance stopped by Waffen-SS attack,
141–142

defies order to return to Innsbruck,
142–143

joins Lee at Schloss Itter battle,
152–155

leads VIPs to Innsbruck,
161–163

postwar life and death,
170–171

Krobot, Andreas

as prisoner-cook at Schloss Itter,
64

becomes friends with Schrader,
100

brutalized by Wimmer,
93–94

delivers message to Wörgl resisters,
90–91
,
108–109

with Hagleitner, arrives at Schloss Itter,
160

at displaced-persons camp after liberation,
164

postwar,
169

Kufstein, Austria

garrisoned by mountain-warfare units,
70–71

von Hengl attempts to defend against Allies,
72–73

seized and held by Allied forces,
1
,
70

resistance cell,
74–76
,
87–88

Gangl connects with Allies, Lee,
111–113

relief column leaves for Schloss Itter,
124

Kunert, Maria,
9

La Chambre, Guy,
29
,
31

Labor movement (French),
38–40
,
49
,
166

Lanckoronska, Karolina,
51

Le Portalet prison,
50–51

Lebrun, Albert,
26

Lee, John C. “Jack,” Jr.

introduced, background,
1–3
,
113–114
,
115–117

meets Gangl, embarks on rescue mission,
112

leads division’s move into Austria,
118–119

recons Schloss Itter,
121–123

adds Gangl’s men to rescue force,
124

leads defense of Schloss Itter,
125–151

relief forces needed, arrive,
140–143
,
160

hands over VIP prisoners to Lynch,
161

receives Distinguished Service Cross for Schloss Itter battle,
165

postwar life and death,
172–173

Lee, Virginia,
115
,
172–173

Léon-Jouhaux, Augusta,
166
,
169
.
See also
Bruchlen, Augusta

Lévesque, René,
156–157
,
161–163
,
166

Levin, Meyer

as U.S. war correspondent,
121

accompanies Kramers on relief mission,
141–143
,
152–155
,
159

on Germans attempting to surrender,
155

on enmity among VIPs,
162

aftermath of battle,
161

postwar magazine article,
172

Linsen (Gangl’s corporal),
145–146
,
149
,
151

Liszt, Franz,
8

Lutten, Eric

as French army liaison officer,
120
,
164

with Kramers’s rescue mission,
142–143
,
153

Lynch, George E.

commands 142nd Infantry,
123

promises to provide relief force to Lee,
124
,
139–140

orders Companies E, F, G, to advance on Schloss Itter,
154–156

Lee hands over VIP prisoners,
159–161

makes Schloss Itter command post,
164–165

Mabire, Christiane Dolorès

background,
44
,
48–49

arrested, imprisoned,
50

reunited with Reynaud at Schloss Itter,
51–52

defies Lee’s orders with other VIPs,
146
,
148

writes English pleas for help,
103
,
106
,
109
,
112

postwar life and death,
167

Majdanek concentration camp, Poland,
20–21
,
95

Mandel, Georges

in Vichy’s custody,
9
,
29
,
32
,
44

detained in Morocco,
28

at Buchenwald,
32

at Sachsenhausen concentration camp,
45
,
48

Massilia
steam ship,
28

Matney, Carl P.,
154
,
156
,
159