The Lady and Her Monsters (33 page)

———.
Records of Shelley, Byron and the Author
(New York: Scribner and Welford, 1888).

Twain, Mark.
In Defense of Harriet Shelley and Other Essays
(New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1918).

Ure, Andrew. “An Account of Some Experiments Made on the Body of a Criminal Immediately After Execution, with Physiological and Practical Observations,”
Journal of Science and the Arts
6 (1819): 283–94.

Vesalius, Andreas.
De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri, Septum (On the Fabric of the Human Body),
book 1, “Bones and Cartilages,” trans. William Frank Richardson in collaboration with John Berd Carman (Novato, CA: Norman Publishing, 2008).

Volta, Alessandro.
Elettricità Scritti Scelti
(Firenze: Giunti, 1999).

Walpole, Horace. “To Lady Ossory, Wednesday 23 August 1780,” reprinted in
The Yale Editions of Horace Walpole's Correspondence
, ed. W. S. Lewis, vol. 33, p. 11 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983).

Wilkinson, Charles Henry.
Elements of Galvanism in Theory and Practice,
2 vols. (London: John Murray, 1804).

Wollstonecraft, Mary.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,
ed. Carl H. Poston, reprint edition (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975).

Index

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein
(film), 287

Abernathy, Joseph, 173

Adamson, Captain, 112

Agrippa, Cornelius,
De occulta philosophia,
94, 95

Albertus Magnus, 101

alchemy, 93–100

divinity-based, 137

and elixir of life, 95–96

and Frankenstein concept, 92, 94, 95–96, 97–98, 100

and golem tales, 99–100

immortality sought via,
98

and natural philosophy, 93, 97

and opium, 109

and philosopher's stone, 137, 138, 140–41

and reanimation, 96–97

and religion, 93, 95

turning base metals into gold, 98, 137, 138

and universal medicine, 139

Aldini, Giovanni, 55, 84

Essai théorique et expérimental sur le galvanisme,
58

and experiments, 8–9, 10, 51, 56–59, 94, 209

experiments on human cadavers, 57–59,
58
, 62, 105

and galvanism experiments,
58
, 59–62, 69, 80, 85–88, 105, 209, 278

and Lanzarini case, 60–62

in London, 65–66, 68–69

and melancholy madness, 60

and Royal Humane Society, 75–77

Alfieri, Vittorio, 162

anatomizations:

and body snatchers,
see
body snatching

and grave robbers, 70–72

and legislation, 233, 234–36, 276

and murder for corpses, 217–18, 233–34, 276

and natural philosophers, 44

Parisian method (hands-on with cadavers), 69

in private homes, 7

and resurrection men, 70–74, 235

see also
dissection

Anatomy Act (1832), 233, 234–35, 276

animal electricity:

effect of opiates on, 5

and electrical storms, 8, 172

and galvanism, 4–8, 10, 37, 49–52, 172

apoplexy, 141

“Ariel's Song” (
The Tempest
), 250

Arnold, Gottfried, 136

Atkins, John, 78

Azoth of the Red Lion, 98, 139

Baroent, Christian, 70

Baxter, Christina, 111

Baxter, Isabella (Booth), 111, 278–79, 284

Baxter, William Thomas, 111

Beccaria, Giambattista, 50, 54

Beddoes, Thomas, 35

Bennett, Betty T.,
The Selected Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,
153

Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo,
Commentaria,
44

Bethell, Mr. (tutor), 104–5

Bishop, Eliza, 166

Bishop, John, 233–34,
233
, 276

Blenkinsop, Mrs. (midwife), 19

Blessington, Lady, 156, 177

blood:

for curative purposes, 139

iron in, 7

body snatching:

Anatomy Act vs., 233, 234–35, 276

attempts to prevent, 207–9, 276–78

in Bologna, 46–47

in Edinburgh, 173

and Frankenstein (fict.), 277, 286, 287

and grave robbers, 70–72

murder for corpses, 217–18, 233–34, 276

in New York, 275–76

and resurrection men, 69, 70–74, 75, 235

Boerhaave, Herman, 140

Boerhaave syndrome, 140

Bolivar
(boat), 254, 256

Bologna, 3–4, 8

body snatching in, 46–47

carnival in, 41, 43

crime rate in, 42

dissections in, 44, 45

punishments in, 42–43

Bonney, John Augustus, 34

Booth, David, 111

Booth, Isabella Baxter, 111, 278–79, 284

Booth, Margaret Baxter, 111

Boyle, Robert,
The Sceptical Chymist,
139

Bride of Frankenstein
(film), 287

Brockbank, William, 49

Brookes, Joshua, 74

Brooks, Mel, 287

Bürger, Gottfried,
Lenore,
14

Burke, William, 217–31

dissection of body of, 231

and grave robbing, 219

hanging of, 228–30,
229

and Hare,
see
Burke and Hare

Hare's testimony against, 227–28

Burke and Hare:

and Anatomy Act, 233, 235, 276

copycat crimes, 233–34,
233
, 235, 276, 277

Daft Jamie as victim of, 224–25,
225

Docherty as final victim of, 225–26,
226

Donald as first victim of, 218, 219, 220

evidence lacking against, 226–27

and Knox, 219–20, 222–24, 227, 232

literature influenced by, 232

locating victims for, 221–22, 227

and Paterson, 223–24

procedure used by (“Burking”), 221,
226

prostitutes as victims of, 221, 223–24

and second murder, 220–21

total murders by, 222

trial of, 227–28

Byron, Augusta Ada (daughter), 158–59

Byron, George Gordon, Lord:

on abstinence, 157

and Annabella (wife), 156, 158–59

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,
123

and Claire, 154, 159–61, 165, 169–70, 183–84, 185, 191, 244, 245

death of, 264–66

and ghost story competition, 176–79, 183

in Greece, 263–64

health of, 262

in Italy, 251–53, 256, 262

melancholy of, 262–64

and Percy's death, 257–59, 262–63

physical traits of, 155, 157, 251

and Polidori, 161, 163–65, 169, 175–76, 184–85, 187–89, 190

psychotic traits of, 156–57, 159, 263

reputation of, 154–56, 160, 162, 166, 168, 170–71, 185

sexual appetites of, 163, 164, 168–70

in Switzerland, 168–80

tall tales told by, 157–58

travels in Europe, 133, 160–61

and “The Vampyre,” 188–89

Byron, Capt. John “Mad Jack,” 154, 156

Caldani, Floriano, 50

Carlisle, Anthony, 10, 21, 34, 52, 278

Carminati, Bassiano, 51, 52

Cavallo, Tiberius, 105–6

A Complete Treatise on Electricity,
106

Chatterton, H., 102

Clairmont, Allegra (daughter), 240, 242, 244

Clairmont, Charles Goules, 30

Clairmont, Jane (later Claire):

and Byron, 154, 159–61, 165, 169–70, 183–84, 185, 191, 244, 245

child born to, 196

childhood of, 13, 15, 30

dramatic flair of, 119–20

and Fanny's death, 193–94

and
Frankenstein,
202

with Mary and Percy, 121, 125–34, 149–51, 161, 163–64, 165, 167, 191, 239–42

melancholy of, 154

nightmares of, 150

and Percy, 149–51, 153, 154, 183, 242–44, 245

and Percy's death, 260

pregnancy of, 160, 183–84, 191

and Silsbee, 244–46

in Switzerland, 169–70, 172

as young adult, 113, 114

Clairmont, Jane (mother):

difficult personality of, 30–31

and Fanny, 165, 166, 193

and Godwin, 29–31

and Mary, 13, 30, 113

and Shelley, 127

Clydesdale, Matthew, 209–16

hanging of, 212

murder committed by, 205–6

postmortem experiments on body of, 214–16

trial of, 206–7

Cogan, Thomas, 76

Colburn, Henry, 188

Colcroft “Jack Ketch,” 83

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor:

Christabel,
177–79

and Davy, 35, 36

and Godwin, 13–14

influence of, 17, 177

opium used by, 14

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,
11, 13–17, 112, 240

Cook, Captain James, 14

Cooke, Alistair, 273–76, 277

Cooke, Susan, 274–76

Corkindale, Doctor, 211

Crouch, Ben, 71–72,
71
, 74

Cruncher and son,
71

Daniels, Sarah, 78

D'Arblay, Madame, 106

Darwin, Erasmus, 9, 10

Davy, Humphry, 9, 10, 14, 200

and alchemy, 98

electrical experiments of, 17, 52, 94, 172, 278

experiment with nitrous oxide, 35–36

at Pneumatic Institution, 35

reputation of, 36

scientific lectures by, 36–37

death, violent vs. spontaneous, 97

demonology, 94

Devil's Bridge, Lake Zurich, 91–92

Dickens, Charles, at Newgate Prison, 79–82

Dippel, Johann Konrad, 136–41

Dippel's Oil, 139–40

dissections:

as anatomizations,
see
anatomizations

and Day of Judgment, 84

by Galen (on animals), 46

by Galvani, 41–42, 43–44

of hanged cadavers, 32, 43, 82, 83, 84

of legally obtained cadavers, 235–36

by Mondino, 44–45

procedure of, 45

public viewing of, 46, 48, 49

as theatrical performances, 49, 76

by Vesalius, 45, 47, 48

Docherty, Marjory Campbell, 225–26,
226

Don Juan
(boat), 250, 253, 254–56, 259–60

Dowden, Edward, 104, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 150

Dracula
(Stoker), 135, 189

dragons, slaying, 135–36

Drury Lane Theatre, 159

Einstein, Albert, 143

electrical storms:

and animal electricity, 8, 172

in Bologna, 3–4, 8

and Byron's death, 264

in English Channel, 127, 128

Franklin's studies of, 6, 17, 66, 172

lightning studies, 54

in London, 17–18

powers of, 9, 103, 172

as sign of God's wrath, 18

in Switzerland, 168, 171–72, 177, 178

electric batteries, 52, 57, 60, 88

electricity:

experiments in, 9, 17, 93, 94, 103–5, 106, 172, 214–16, 278

and Frankenstein concept, 94

and Leyden jar, 140

for medical purposes, 66, 105

and phantasmagoria, 151

and sexuality, 67–68

Empyreumatical Oyle, 139

England, gothic horror tales in, 14

epilepsy, cure for, 139

Eyriès, Jean-Baptiste Benoît, 177

Fantasmagoria
(Eyriès, transl.), 177

Florescu, Radu, 134

Foggi, Elise, 240–43

Foggi, Paolo, 240–43

Ford, Doctor (priest), 84

Fordyce, Doctor, 20

Fortune of War pub, 74, 75, 234

Foster, George, 77–79, 82, 84–85, 86–88, 209, 278

Foster, Jane, 77–79, 85

Foster, Louisa, 77–79, 85

France:

cadavers obtained in, 69

laws against galvanic experiments, 209

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
(M. Shelley), 10, 63,
180

adaptations and rewriting of, 266–69, 285–87

authorship of, 198, 201–2, 266

critical reviews of, 197–98, 201–2, 284–85

and ghost story competition, 163, 176–80, 269

inspiration for, 10, 16, 17, 94–96, 100, 129, 130–31, 134, 172, 174, 179, 269

natural world depicted in, 129

publication of, 197, 207, 239, 266

success of, 266, 285

writing of, 176–80, 183, 191, 197, 239

Frankenstein
(film), 285–86

Frankenstein, Sir George, 135–36

Frankenstein, Victor (fict.), 10, 88,
180

and alchemy, 92, 94, 95–96, 97–98, 100

and body snatching, 277, 286, 287

name of, 134

and natural philosophy, 199–200, 201

parallels in real life, 101, 136

revised versions of, 268–69

in stage productions, 267, 285

Frankenstein family, 134–36

Frankenstein Meets the Wolf-Man
(film), 287

Frankenstein Unbound
(Aldiss), 271

Franklin, Benjamin, 6, 17, 66, 172

French Revolution, 93

frogs, experimentation on, 3, 4–6,
5
, 8, 9, 37, 50–51, 52, 55, 94, 105

Fuseli, Henry, 22, 27

Fuseli, Sophia, 22

Galeazzi, Domenico Gusmano, 7

Galen, Claudius, 45–46, 48

Galvani, Barbara, 7

Galvani, Camillo, 3–4

Galvani, Domenico, 7

Galvani, Lucia, 6, 7, 55

Galvani, Luigi,
41

and animal electricity, 4–8, 10, 37, 49–52, 172

apparatus used by,
6
,
50
, 65, 76

“Carnival Lessons,” 39

Commentaries,
8, 50, 51, 54

death of, 55

De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius,
50,
56

dissections performed by, 41–42, 43–44

early years of, 7

experimentation on frogs, 4–6,
5
, 8, 50–51, 52, 55, 94

and Volta, 52, 54–55

galvanism, 9, 105–7

experiments on frogs, 37, 106

experiments on human cadavers, 37,
58
, 59, 62, 65, 69, 80, 85–88, 105, 209, 214–15

experiments on live humans, 59–62, 85–86, 106

laws against experiments in, 209

Mary Shelley influenced by, 172–73, 177, 278

Garnerin brothers, 151

gases, experiments with, 35–36

gastrointestinal system, studies of, 7

George III, king of England, 106

Germany, gothic horror tales of, 14

Gespensterbuch, Das
(German ghost tales), 177

Ghost of Frankenstein, The
(film), 287

Gibbet of Montfaucon, 47

Giddy, Davies, 35

Gillies, Lord, 206, 207

Gisborne, Maria, 30, 193

Godwin, Fanny,
see
Imlay, Fanny

Godwin, Jane Clairmont (William's second wife),
see
Clairmont, Jane (mother)

Godwin, Mary:

birth of, 17, 18–20