The Intimate Bond (41 page)

18.
Quotes in this paragraph are from Lattimore,
Mongol Journeys
, pp. 77 and 116.

19.
Ibid., p. 139.

Chapter 14
: Dominion over Beasts?

1.
This section draws on Peter Edwards,
Horse and Man in Early Modern England
(London: Continuum Books, 2007).

2.
Quoted in ibid., p. 5.

3.
Ibid., p. 189.

4.
Ibid., p. 197.

5.
Ibid., p. 28.

6.
Lloyd Charles Sanders,
Old Kew, Chiswick, and Kensington
(London: Methuen, 1910), p. 104.

7.
John Evelyn, William Bray, and John Forster, eds.,
The Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, F.R.S.
, vol. 2 (London: Bell and Daidy, 1910), p. 211. Diary entry for December 7, 1684.

8.
John Flavel,
Husbandry Spiritualized
, 6th ed. (London: T. Parkhurst), p. 206.

9.
Jeremiah Burroughes (1600–1646) was a well-known Puritan preacher who served as a pastor in England, the Netherlands, and finally London, where he became known as “the morning star of Stepney” for his eloquent sermons. Quote from
An Exposition of the Prophesie of Hosea
(London: R. Dawlman, 1643), p. 576.

10.
John Florio (trans.),
Shakespeare's Montaigne: The Florio Translation of the Essays. A Selection
(New York: New York Review of Books Classics, 2014, [1580]). Quote from the essay “An Apologie de Raymond Sebond,” Book 12, section 2.

11.
For a discussion of Descartes and Cartesianism, see Linda Kalof,
Looking at
Animals
(New York: Reaktion Books, 2007), chapter 5.

12.
Oliver Goldsmith (1730–1774) is famous for his novel
The Vicar of Wakefield
(1766) and for the play
She Stoops to Conquer
(1773). Quote from Keith Thomas,
Man and the Natural World
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966), p. 35.

13.
This passage draws on Thomas,
Man and the Natural World
, pp. 92ff.

14.
Kalof,
Looking at Animals
, pp. 59–64. Esther Cohen, “Animals in Medieval Perceptions: The Image of the Ubiquitous Other,” in Manning and Serpell, eds.,
Animals and Human Society
, pp. 59–80; Andreas-Holger Maehle, “Cruelty and Kindness to the ‘Brute Creation': Stability and Change in the Ethics of the Man-Animal Relationship, 1600–1850,” in Manning and Serpell, eds.,
Animals and Human Society
, pp. 81–105.

15.
T. Porck and H. J. Porck, “Eight Guidelines on Book Preservation from 1527: How One Should Preserve All Books to Last Eternally,”
Journal of Paper Conservation
, 13(2) (2012): p.20.

16.
The illustration and quote appear in a copy of Augustine of Hippo's
De Civitate Dei contra Paganos
, completed by him in 426
CE
and made by Hildebert and another artist Everwin. The manuscript is in Prague's Capitular Library (codex A21/1, folio 153r).

17.
Pangur Bán, which means “white Pangur,” is the cat's name. The Old Irish poem was written by an anonymous monk, probably at the Benedictine abbey on Reichenau Island, in Lake Constance. It's possible that the author was Sedulious Scottus, as the poem is stylistically somewhat similar to his work. See Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, eds.,
Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: A Collection of Old Irish Glosses, Prose, and Verse
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1904), pp. 293–94.

18.
Sir Kenelm Digby (1603–1665), courtier, natural philosopher, and diplomat, was, among his other achievements, the father of the modern wine bottle. Quote from his
A Late Discourse … Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy
(London: R. Lowdes, 1658), p. 117. The “Powder of Sympathy” was a form of sympathetic magic.

19.
Jane Ingelow (1820–1897) was a prolific novelist and poet. She was widely popular in Victorian times, her works being popular domestic entertainment. She is largely forgotten today. Quote from her
High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire, 1571
(London: Roberts Brothers, 1883), lines 40–42.

Chapter 15
: “The Hell for Dumb Animals”

1.
P. K. O'Brien, “Agriculture and the Industrial Revolution,”
Economic History Review
, 2nd ser., 1 (1977): 169.

2.
Henry Peacham,
The Worth of a Peny: Or a Caution to Keep Money
(London: S. Giffin, 1664), p. 31. Peacham (1578–c.1644) was a writer and poet, and is best known today for a work entitled
The Compleat Gentleman
(1622).

3.
Pehr Kalm (1716–1779) was an explorer, botanist, agricultural economist, and also a student of Carl Linnaeus. He wrote the first scientific description of Niagara Falls. Quote from Keith Thomas,
Man and the Natural World
, p. 26.

4.
Thomas,
Man and the Natural World
, pp. 94ff, covers this material.

5.
Harriet Ritvo,
Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), chapter 1, covers beef breeding admirably. For Robert Bakewell, see pp. 66ff.

6.
William Fitzstephen (died c. 1190) was a cleric and administrator who worked for Archbishop Thomas Becket and witnessed his murder in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. Fitzstephen's account of London forms part of Becket's biography. Quoted from Matthew Senior,
Enlightenment
, p. 105.

7.
Thomas Maslen,
Suggestions for the Improvement of Our Towns and Houses
(London: Smith, Elder, 1843), p. 16.

8.
Thomas Pennant,
British Zoology: A New Edition
, vol. 1 (London: Wilkie and Robinson, 1812), p. 11.

9.
Ritvo,
Animal Estate
, pp. 107–13.

10.
Janet Clutton-Brock,
Horse Power
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 170–77, summarizes the history of horse racing and the importation of Arabians.

11.
Madeleine Pinault Sorensen, “Portraits of Animals, 1600–1800,” in Matthew Senior, ed.,
A Cultural History of Animals in the Age of Enlightenment
(New York: Berg, 2007), pp. 157–98.

12.
Adam Alasdair,
The Cat: A Short History
(Seattle, WA: Amazon Digital Services, 2012), summarizes feline fortunes through history.

13.
Kolof,
Looking at Animals
, p. 125.

14.
Ritvo,
Animal Estate
, p. 126.

15.
Christopher Hibbert, ed.,
Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals
(London: John Murray, 1984), p. 205.

16.
Jason Hribal, “Animals Are Part of the Working Class,”
Labor History
44, no. 3 (2003): 112–37.

Chapter 16
: Victims of Military Insanity

1.
This passage is based on Louis A. Di Marco,
War Horse: A History of the Military Horse and Rider
(Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2008).

2.
A summary of the Battle of Eylau appears at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Eylau
.

3.
Cavalié Mercer (1783–1868), who later became a general, was a British artillery officer at the Battle of Waterloo. His six-gun artillery troop fought off French heavy cavalry, refusing to withdraw into an infantry square. Cavalié Mercer,
Journal of the Waterloo Campaign Kept throughout the Campaign of 1815
(London: William Blackwood, 1870). Quotes from volume 1, pp. 319–21. The book was edited for publication by his son Cavalié A. Mercer.

4.
Capt. Louis Edward Nolan (1818–1854) was an accomplished horse master and expert on cavalry tactics, best known for his controversial role in the Charge of the Light Brigade, at which he was killed. See the biography David
Buttery,
Messenger of Death: Captain Nolan and the Charge of the Light Brigade
(Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword, 2008). Nolan's
Cavalry: Its History and Tactics
, first published in 1853, is a classic analysis of the subject. Originally published by Thomas Bosworth in London, the book was reprinted with an introduction by Jon Coulston (Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2007). Quote from p. 37. The quote from Xenophon, later in the paragraph, appears on p. 105.

5.
Nolan,
Cavalry
, p. 125.

6.
Ibid., p. 97.

7.
Cecil Woodham-Smith's
The Reason Why
(London: Penguin Reprint, 1991) is a classic, detailed, and beautifully written account of the Charge and its complex prelude. Quote from p. 138.

8.
This passage and the sidebar “Cavalry Folly: Into the Valley of Death” are based on Woodham-Smith,
The Reason Why.
To appreciate the full nuances of the Crimean disaster, I recommend reading the entire volume.

9.
Quoted by Woodham-Smith,
The Reason Why
, p. 242.

10.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem “The Charge of the Light Brigade” was written in 1854 to memorialize the event.

11.
Buttery,
Messenger of Death
, p. 114.

12.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (Seattle: Amazon Digital Services, 2012), p. 3.

13.
This passage is based on John Ellis,
Cavalry: The History of Mounted Warfare
(New York: Putnam, 1978), chapter 7; and Di Marco,
War Horse
, chapter 8.

14.
Quotes by John Ellis,
Cavalry
, p. 148.

15.
Ibid., p. 176.

16.
Quotes in Di Marco,
War Horse
, pp. 319–21.

17.
G. J. Meyer,
A World Undone: The Story of the Great War 1914 to 1918
(New York: Bantam Dell, 2006), p. 321.

18.
Mercer,
Journal
, vol. 1, p. 335.

Chapter 17
: Cruelty to the Indispensable

1.
Charles Dickens,
Oliver Twist
(London: Penguin, 2002, [1838]), p. 171.

2.
James Serpell and Elizabeth Paul, “Pets and the Development of Positive Attitudes to Animals,” in Manning and Serpell, eds.,
Animals and Human Society
, p. 133. The Romans also kept pets: Michael MacKinnon, “‘Sick as a Dog': Zooarchaeological Evidence for Pet Dog Health and Welfare in the Roman World,”
World Archaeology
42, no. 2 (2010): 290–309.

3.
Serpell and Paul, “Pets,” p. 137.
Goody Two Shoes
is still in print, or available as an e-book through Amazon.com.

4.
Serpell and Paul, “Pets,” p. 135.

5.
These paragraphs rely heavily on Ritvo,
The Animal Estate
, pp. 144ff. Col. Richard Martin (1754–1834) was Member of Parliament for Galway and an advocate of Catholic Emancipation and animal welfare. He was famous in Parliament for his humorous speeches. His colorful campaigning for animals made him the butt of cartoonists' work. King George IV nicknamed him “Humanity Dick.”

6.
Ritvo,
Animal Estate
, pp. 130ff, covers the early history of the SPCA.

7.
Ibid., pp. 138–39.

8.
Ibid., p. 108.

9.
This passage draws on Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, “The Horse as Technology: The City Animal as Cyborg,” in Sandra Olsen et al., eds.
Horses and Humans
, pp. 365–75. See also Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr,
The Horse in the City: Living Machines in the Nineteenth Century
(Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011), pp. 3–4.

10.
A. Briggs,
The Power of Steam: An Illustrated History of the World's Steam Age
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982).

11.
The literature on pit ponies is surprisingly thin. John Bright's
Pit Ponies
(London: Batsford, 1986) is a very general account. For an overall view, I relied on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_pony
.

12.
U.S. Bureau of the Census figures for 1901 and 1913 quoted by McShane and Tarr, “The Horse,” p. 365.

13.
Ibid.

14.
David Voice,
The Age of the Horse Tram: A History of Horse-Drawn Passenger Tramways in the British Isles
(Strathpeffer, Scotland: AHG Books, 2009). The quote is from the
Morning Post
, July 7, 1829.

15.
Robert Thurston, “The Animal as a Machine and Prime Mover,”
Science
1, no. 14 (1895): 365–71.

16.
A. H. Sanders,
A History of the Percheron Horse
(Chicago: Breeder's Gazette Print, 1917).

17.
R. L. Freeman,
The Arabbers of Baltimore
(Tidewater, MD: Tidewater Publications, 1987), p. 19.

18.
Ritvo,
Animal Estate
, chapter 4, has an admirable summary.

19.
Harriet Ritvo, “Animals in Nineteenth-Century Britain: Complicated Attitudes and Competing Categories,” in Manning and Serpell, eds.,
Animals and Human Society
, p. 110.