The Idea of Israel (52 page)

4
For example,
A Trumpet in the Wadi
, adapted and directed by Shmuel Hasfari, 1998.

5
Fouad Awad and Eran Baneil directed a local version of
Romeo and Juliet
for the Kahn Theatre in Jerusalem (an Israeli Jerusalemite theatre) and al-Qasaba (a Palestinian Jerusalemite theatre).

6
The play was censored in 1988 and was staged privately in 1989.

7
Quoted in an interview in
Yedioth Ahronoth
, (December 2009).

8
Ram Levi’s adaptation was screened in February 1978.

9
Ram Levi in conversation with Ilan Pappe in
Zochrot
, (19 November 2012).

10
Jad Ne’eman directed about twenty films. His most well known is probably
The Stretcher’s Journey
, released in 1977. Such a journey is the initiation of soldiers into the IDF’s élite units.

11
Mathieu Albert presents a good summary of Bourdieu’s position in ‘The Relevance of Pierre Bourdieu’s Social Theory for the Study of Scientific Knowledge Production’,
Canadian Journal of Sociology Online
, (October 2002).

12
Laor has analysed the method of appropriation in this film and others in Yitzhak Laor,
We Are Writing You, Homeland
, Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1995 (Hebrew).

13
Said, ‘Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Victims’.

14
Esh Zolevet
was directed by Gideon Ganani with a screenplay by Benny Barabash.

15
Do Not Touch My Holocaust
, directed by Asher Tlalim in, 1994.

16
The film was banned for a while by the French Ministry of Culture.

17
For David Hoffman’s review of the film, see ‘Through the Veil of Exile’,
Washington Post
, (12 November 1992).

18
See report by Ronni Singer in
Haaretz
, 22 April 2004.

19
He is one of Israel’s most prolific directors. Since 1998, he has directed more than twenty films, many of them full-length feature films about the Arab–Israeli conflict.

20
Ilan Pappe, ‘Israeli Television’s Fiftieth Anniversary Series: “Tekumma”: A Post-Zionist View?’,
Journal of Palestine Studies
, 27: 4, (Summer 1998), pp. 99–105.

21
Walid Khalidi,
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
, Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2006.

22
Itamar Rabinovich,
The Road Not Taken: Early Arab–Israeli Negotiations
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995; Shlaim,
Collusion Across the Jordan
; Pappe,
The Making of the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951
.

23
Emile Habibi,
The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist
, New York: Interlink, 2001.

11 The Triumph of Neo-Zionism

1
Adi Ofir,
The Work of the Present: Essays on Contemporary Israeli Culture
, Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 2001, pp. 257–8 (Hebrew).

2
Neri Livneh, ‘The Rise and Fall of Post-Zionism’ in
Haaretz
, (19 September 2001). The English version appeared a day later as ‘Post-Zionism Only Rings Once’.

3
Ari Shavit, ‘Post-Post-Zionism’,
Haaretz
, (18 April 2013).

4
Amnon Rubinstein, ‘Who Is a Post-Zionist?’,
Haaretz
, (1 September 1995); see also his book
From Herzl to Rabin: The Changing Image of Zionism
, New York: Holmes and Meyer Publishers, 2000.

5
Mentioned in Livneh, ‘The Rise and Fall of Post-Zionism’.

6
Anita Shapira, ‘The Past Is Not a Foreign Country: The Failure of Israel’s New Historians to Explain War and Peace’,
New Republic
, (29 November 1999).

7
Tuvia Friling, ed.,
An Answer to a Post-Zionist Colleague
, Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth, 2003 (Hebrew).

8
Elhanan Yakira,
Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust: Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting and the Delegitimisation of Israel
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

9
David Ohana,
The Last Israelis
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1997 (Hebrew).

10
‘The New Anti-Semitism – A Threat to the Spirit of Freedom and Humanity’,
Makor Rishon
, (23 July 2010).

11
Shavit, ‘Post-Post-Zionism’.

12
Livneh, ‘The Rise and Fall of Post-Zionism’.

13
Tom Segev,
Elvis in Jerusalem: Post-Zionism and the Americanisation of Israel
, New York: Picador, 2002.

14
Livneth, ‘The Rise and Fall of Post-Zionism’.

15
‘The Politics Behind the Closure of the Department of Politics’,
Haaretz
, (5 October 2012).

16
Nurit Stadler, ‘Is Profane Work an Obstacle to Salvation? The Case of Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jews in Israel’,
Sociology of Religion
, 63:4, (2002), pp. 455–74.

17
Sefi Rachlevsky,
Messiah’s Donky
, Yiedoth Ahronoth: Tel Aviv, 1998.

18
See Pappe,
The Forgotten Palestinians
, p. 260.

19
Daniel Bar-Tal and Yona Teichman,
Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009; Peled-Elhanan,
Palestine in Israeli School Books
.

20
The Ministry of Education,
Israel Jubilee
, Jerusalem, 1998. The book was covered in Associated Press reports when it came out and a review can be found in the Hebron Institute for Political and Religious Studies.

21
Ibid.

22
Ethan Bronner, ‘Israel’s History Textbooks Replace Myths with Facts’,
New York Times
, (14 August 1999).

23
Haaretz
, (29 March 1998).

24
A summary of this report appeared in
Haaretz
, (27 March 2001).

25
The report can be found on the society’s website:
acri.org.il
.

26
See an analysis of these laws in Pappe,
The Forgotten Palestinians
, pp. 4–5.

12 The Neo-Zionist New Historians

1
Daniel Pilser, ‘Making History’,
Techelet
, (9 March 2000), p. 1 (Hebrew).

2
Louis Althusser,
Essays on Ideology
, London and New York: Verso, 1984.

3
Ilan Gur-Ze’ev and Ilan Pappe, ‘Beyond the Destruction of the Other’s Collective Memory: Blueprints for a Palestinian/Israeli Dialogue’,
Theory, Culture and Society
, 20: 1, (February 2003), pp. 93–108.

4
Yoav Gelber,
Independence Versus Nakba: The Arab–Israeli War of 1948
, Tel Aviv: Devir, 2004 (Hebrew).

5
Friling,
An Answer to a Post-Zionist Colleague
.

6
Efraim Karsh,
Fabricating Israeli History: The ‘New Historians’
, London and New York: Routledge, 2000.

7
Pilser, ‘Making History’, p. 1.

8
Anita Shapira and Derek J. Penslar, ed.,
Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right
, London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2003, pp. iv–vi.

9
Michael Walzer, ‘History and National Liberation’, in Shapira and Penslar,
Israeli Historical Revisionism
, pp. 1–8.

10
Daniel Gutwein, ‘Left and Right Post-Zionism and the Privatisation of Israeli Collective Memory’, in Shapira and Penslar,
Israeli Historical Revisionism
, pp. 9–42.

11
Martin S. Kramer,
Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America
, Washington: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001; and Gelber,
Independence Versus Nakba
.

12
Benny Morris,
Correcting a Mistake: Jews and Arabs in Palestine/Israel, 1936–1956
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 2000 (Hebrew).

13
Benny Morris, ‘The Survival of the Fittest’, interview in
Haaretz
, reproduced by
The Journal of Palestine Studies
, 33: 3, (Spring 2004). p. 168.

14
Ibid., p. 169.

15
Ibid., p. 168.

16
Morris,
1948
.

17
Alon Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War of Independence 1948–1949
, 2 vols., Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publications, 2004, pp. 11–13 (Hebrew).

18
Ibid., p. 14.

19
Mordechai Bar-On,
A Memory in a Book: The Early Israeli Historiography of the War of Independence, 1948–1958
, Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publications, 2001, p. 60 (Hebrew).

20
Mordechai Bar-On and Meir Hazan, eds,
People at War: A Collection of Studies on the Civilian Society During the War of Independence
, Jerusalem: Yad Ben Zvi, 2007 (Hebrew).

21
Gelber writes that the 1948 war began because of the Palestinian rejection of the partition resolution and the Arab world’s wish to destroy the Jewish state. In his view, whatever the Jewish forces did was in total, morally justified self-defence; see Yoav Gelber, ‘Why Did the Palestinians Run Away in 1948?’,
History News Network
, (17 June 2002), hnn.us/article/782.

22
Tamir Goren, ‘Separate or Mixed Municipalities? Attitudes of Jewish
Yishuv
Leadership to the Mixed Municipality During the British Mandate: The Case of Haifa’,
Israel Studies
, 9: 1, (Spring 2004), pp. 101–24.

23
Yakob Markovizky, ‘The Gahal–Recruitment Abroad in the War of Independence’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 525–38; Alon Kadish, ‘Settlements Prepare for War’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 801–48; Jonathan Fine, ‘Basic Problems in Government and Logistics’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 679–710; Amir Bar-Or, ‘The War of Independence: The Supervision of the Political Institutions over the Hagana Organisation’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 711–58; and Haim Barkai, ‘The Real Cost of the War of Independence’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 759–92.

24
Arnon Golan, ‘The Reshaping of the Ex-Arab Space and the Construction of an Israeli Space (1948–1950)’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, p. 912.

25
Arnon Golan, ‘The Transformation of the Settlements Map in the Areas Abandoned by the Arab Population as a Result of the War of Independence in the Territory on which the State of Israel was Founded, 1948–1950’, University of Haifa, 1993 (Hebrew).

26
Benny Morris, ‘The Survival of the Fittest’; Morris,
1948
.

27
Dani Hadari, ‘The War of Independence in the North’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 119–70.

28
Ibid., p, 131.

29
Ibid., p. 133.

30
Uri Milstein, ‘The Looting by Harel’,
NEWS1
, 28 February 2005.

31
Yoav Peled, ‘The Campaign in Jaffa and the Surrounding Area’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 389–422; and Moshe Arnewald, ‘The Military Campaign
in Jerusalem in the War of Independence, November 1947–April 1948’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 341–88.

32
Peled, ‘The Campaign in Jaffa’, p. 417.

33
Arnewald, ‘The Military Campaign’, p. 362.

34
Ibid., p. 359.

35
Ibid.

36
Aaron Klein, ‘The Arab POWs in the War of Independence’, in Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War
, pp. 567–86.

37
Salman Abu-Sitta, report on Israeli website
Zochrot
,
zochrot.org
, (19 May 2002) (Hebrew).

38
See Abu-Sitta’s research in Ilan Pappe,
The Ethnic Cleaning of Palestine
, pp. 200–4.

39
The insensitivity displayed in Klein’s choice of subtitles, which would send shivers up the spine of any Holocaust survivor, could be the result of overuse, and manipulation of Holocaust memory in Israel, or simply ignorance. His use of the term
Mahanot Haavoda
(labour prison camps) shows a similar insensitivity; see Klein, ‘The Arab POWs’, p. 577.