The Frackers: The Outrageous Inside Story of the New Billionaire Wildcatters (49 page)

INTRODUCTION

1
.  Stacey Vanek Smith, “North Dakota, Land of Jobs,” Marketplace.org, October 18, 2011; Craig Karmin and Gregory Zuckerman, “A Boomtown Is Born in North Dakota,”
Wall Street Journal,
November 14, 2012.

CHAPTER ONE

1
.  Laura Elder, “Billionaire Looks to Conservation,”
Galveston County Daily News,
January 2, 2005.

2
.  Joseph W. Kutchin, “How Mitchell Energy & Development Got Its Start and How It Grew,” self-published, January 1, 1998.

3
.  Ibid.

4
.  Diana J. Kleiner, “Smith, Robert Everett,” Texas State Historical Association,
Handbook of Texas Online
.

5
.  Kutchin, “How Mitchell Energy & Development Got Its Start and How It Grew.”

6
.  Elder, “Billionaire Looks to Conservation.”

7
.  Ibid.

8
.  Kleiner, “Smith, Robert Everett.”

9
.  Barbara Shook, “Cracking the Code on the Barnett Shale: How It Happened,”
World Gas Intelligence,
July 8, 2009.

10
.  Ibid.

11
.  Ann Zimmerman, “A Lot of Gas,”
Dallas Observer,
May 15, 1997.

12
.  Dan Steward,
The Barnett Shale Play: The Phoenix of the Fort Worth Basin; A History
(Fort Worth and North Texas Geological Societies, 2007).

13
.  Andrew Maykuth, “Tapping Shale, Seeking Sustainability: A Rare Oilman,”
Philadelphia Inquirer,
August 29, 2010.

CHAPTER TWO

1
.  Robert P. Hauptfuhrer, “The Story of Oryx Energy Company: Continuity and Change,” Oryx Energy Company, 1994.

2
.  Andrew Cassel, “Retirement Spurs Shift at the Helm of Sun Co.,”
Philadelphia Inquirer,
November 7, 1986.

3
.  Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power
(New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1991).

4
.  G. B. Morey,
The Search for Oil and Gas in Minnesota,
Minnesota Geological Survey 6 (St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, 1984).

5
.  “Horizontal Drilling Method Could Wring Lots of Oil Out of Old Fields,” Reuters, October 7, 1989.

6
.  “Austin Chalk Getting Another Look,”
Explorer,
July 2012, http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2012/07jul/austin_chalk0712.cfm.

7
.  “Oryx’s Hauptfuhrer: Big Increase Due in U.S. Horizontal Drilling,”
Oil and Gas Journal,
January 15, 1990.

8
.  Jack Willoughby, “Putting on Heirs,”
Institutional Investor,
March 1, 1997.

9
.  “Can Oryx Energy Cap Its Gusher of Red Ink?,”
BusinessWeek,
November 6, 1994.

10
.  Gregg Jones, “Gamble in the Gulf,”
Dallas Morning News,
December 26, 1994.

11
.  Ibid.

CHAPTER THREE

1
.  Caleb Solomon and Robert Johnson, “Lone Star Legend: One Tycoon in Texas Still Is Dreaming Big, Even If It’s Out of Style,”
Wall Street Journal,
July 28, 1993.

2
.  Leonardo Maugeri, “Oil: The Next Revolution,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, June 2012.

3
.  Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power
(New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 1991).

4
.  Solomon and Johnson, “Lone Star Legend.”

5
.  Gary Peach, “Estonia Eager to Teach World About Oil Shale,” Associated Press, June 1, 2013.

6
.  Robert Johnson and Allanna Sullivan, “Mitchell Energy Picks William Stevens to Be Its President, Operations Chief,”
Wall Street Journal,
December 13, 1993.

CHAPTER FOUR

1
.  Ann Zimmerman, “A Lot of Gas,”
Dallas Observer,
May 15, 1997.

2
.  Russell Gold, “The Man Who Pioneered the Shale-Gas Revolution,”
Wall Street Journal,
October 23, 2012.

3
.  Dan Steward,
The Barnett Shale Play: Phoenix of the Fort Worth Basin; A History
(Fort Worth, TX: Fort Worth Geological Society/North Texas Geological Society, 2007).

4
.  Daniel Yergin,
The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World
(New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

5
.  Daniel Yergin, “Stepping on the Gas,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 2, 2011.

6
.  Jim Fuquay, “Q&A, George Mitchell, Founder of Mitchell Energy,”
Fort Worth Star-Telegram,
April 2, 2008.

CHAPTER FIVE

1
.  Jerry Shottenkirk, “OKC-Based SandRidge Energy CEO Tom Ward Says He Has Much to Be Thankful For,”
Oklahoma Journal Record,
January 8, 2007.

2
.  Michael W. Sasser, “His Own Terms,”
Oklahoma Magazine,
December 2012.

3
.  Jerry Shottenkirk, “Hard Work, Luck Make Billions for Oklahoma Executive,”
Journal Record,
August 13, 2007.

4
.  Mary A. Fischer, “The FBI’s Junk Science,”
GQ,
January 2001.

5
.  David Geffen, “Jewish Black Gold?”
Jerusalem Post,
July 3, 2008.

6
.  Dan Piller, “A Tale of Two Fields: Giddings Offers a Lesson in How Quickly Things Can Change,”
Fort Worth Star-Telegram,
March 7, 2006.

7
.  Gretchen Morgenson, “Pie in the Sky,”
Forbes,
December 16, 1996.

8
.  Rich Robinson, “Oil Company Grows to Maturity,”
Oklahoman,
July 21 2002.

CHAPTER SIX

1
.  Keith A. Eaton, “Harold Hamm: All Cattle and No Hat,”
Distinctly Oklahoma,
November 2010.

2
.  Ibid.

3
.  Harold Hamm, “Birth of a Wildcatter,”
Forbes,
December 24, 2012.

4
.  Steven Mufson, “For Oil Driller Harold Hamm, Bakken Boom Brings More Billions and a Chance to Dabble in Politics,”
Washington Post,
August 12, 2012.

5
.  David Zizzo, “Unusual Feature Lies Under Ames,”
Oklahoman,
May 4, 2010.

6
.  Joshua Schneyer, Brian Grow, and Jeanine Prezioso, “Lack of a Prenup Imperils Oil Billionaire’s Fortune,” Reuters, June 14, 2013.

7
.  Eileen and Gary Lash, “Kicking Down the Well,” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Web site, September 2011.

8
.  Bryan Burrough,
The Big Rich: The Rise and Fall of the Greatest Texas Oil Fortunes
(New York: Penguin, 2009); “H. L. Hunt Leaves $5 Billion—and Two Sets of Heirs to Claim It,”
People,
December 16, 1974.

9
.  Ruth Sheldon Knowles,
The Greatest Gamblers: The Epic of American Oil Exploration
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980).

CHAPTER SEVEN

1
.  James Norman, “Petrodollars,”
Platts Oilgram News,
July 6, 1998.

CHAPTER EIGHT

1
.  Brian Grow and Anna Driver, “Chesapeake Board Member Lent Money to CEO McClendon,” Reuters, April 27, 2012.

2
.  Shashana Pearson-Hormillosa, “Facetime with XTO Energy’s Bob Simpson,”
Dallas Business Journal,
June 28, 2009.

3
.  Bryan Gruley, “Wildcatter Finds $10 Billion Drilling in North Dakota,” Bloomberg News, January 19, 2012.

CHAPTER NINE

1
.  Sean Murphy, “Volatile Gas Industry Takes Chesapeake on Roller Coaster Ride,” Associated Press, November 20, 2005.

2
.  Asjylyn Loder, “McClendon Eating Healthy No Help in Bet Undermining Chesapeake,” Bloomberg News, June 27, 2012.

3
.  Russell Gold and Daniel Gilbert, “The Many Hats of Aubrey McClendon,”
Wall Street Journal,
May 7, 2012.

4
.  Ibid.

5
.  John Shiffman, Anna Driver, and Brian Grow, “Special Report: The Lavish and Leveraged Life of Aubrey McClendon,” Reuters, June 7, 2012.

6
.  Ken Kolker, “Reserved for the Rich, or Preserved for All?,”
Grand Rapids Press,
December 16, 2007.

7
.  Shiffman, Driver, and Grow, “The Lavish and Leveraged Life of Aubrey McClendon.”

8
.  David Graham, “McClendon Gift Raises Eyebrows,”
Chronicle
(Duke University), March 8, 2007.

9
.  Jerry Shottenkirk, “OKC-Based SandRidge Energy CEO Tom Ward Says He Has Much to Be Thankful For,”
Journal Record,
January 8, 2007.

10
.  Ibid.

11
.  Eric Konigsberg, “Kuwait on the Prairie: Can North Dakota Solve the Energy Problem?,”
New Yorker,
April 25, 2011.

12
.  Ibid.

13
.  John J. Fialka, “Wildcat Producer Sparks Oil Boom on Montana Plains,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 5, 2006.

14
.  Luisa Kroll, “Harold Hamm on Diabetes,”
Forbes,
October 11, 2010.

15
.  Joshua Schneyer, Brian Grow, and Jeanine Prezioso, “Special Report: Lack of a Prenup Imperils Oil Billionaire’s Fortune,” Reuters, June 14, 2013.

16
.  Colin Campbell, ed.,
Peak Oil Personalities: A Unique Insight into a Major Crisis Facing Mankind
(Skibbereen, Ireland: Inspire Books, 2012).

CHAPTER TEN

1
.  Asjylyn Loder, “McClendon Eating Healthy No Help in Bet Undermining Chesapeake,” Bloomberg News, June 27, 2012.

2
.  Colin Campbell, ed.
Peak Oil Personalities: A Unique Insight into a Major Crisis Facing Mankind
(Skibbereen, Ireland: Inspire Books, 2012).

3
.  Steve Toon, “The Dash for Cash,”
A&D Watch,
February 2008.

4
.  Jerry Shottenkirk, “Hard Work, Luck Make Billions for Oklahoma Executive,”
Journal Record,
August 13, 2007.

5
.  Sean Murphy, “Volatile Gas Industry Takes Chesapeake on Roller Coaster Ride,” Associated Press, November 20, 2005.

6
.  Christopher Helman, “The Sordid Deal That Created the Okla. City Thunder,”
Forbes,
June 13, 2012.

7
.  John Shiffman, Anna Driver, and Brian Grow, “Special Report: The Lavish and Leveraged Life of Aubrey McClendon,” Reuters, June 7, 2012.

8
.  Ana Campoy, “Natural-Gas Producers Cut Output,”
Wall Street Journal,
September 6, 2007.

9
.  John J. Fialka, “Wildcat Producer Sparks Oil Boom on Montana Plains,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 5, 2006.

10
.  Joe Carroll, “Peak Oil Scare Fades as Shale, Deepwater Wells Gush Crude,” Bloomberg News, February 6, 2012; Daniel Yergin,
The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World
(New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

CHAPTER ELEVEN

1
.  Christopher Helman, “In His Own Words: Chesapeake’s Aubrey McClendon Answers Our 25 Questions,”
Forbes,
October 5, 2011.

2
.  Joshua Schneyer, Jeanine Prezioso, and David Sheppard, “Inside Chesapeake, CEO Ran $200 Million Hedge Fund,” Reuters, May 2, 2012.

3
.  Ryan Dezember, “Texas Oil Man Finds a New Groove,”
Wall Street Journal,
June 15, 2012.

4
.  Margaret Cronin Fisk, “Chesapeake Loses Bid to Void Texas Oil, Gas Rights Award,” Bloomberg News, September 12, 2012.

5
.  Clifford Krauss and Eric Lipton, “After the Boom in Natural Gas,”
New York Times,
October 20, 2012.

6
.  Joe Carroll, “Exxon Quits 2nd-Biggest U.S. Gas Area Amid Price Drop,” Bloomberg News, October 2, 2008.

7
.  Fareed Zakaria, “Why We Can’t Quit,”
Newsweek,
March 15, 2008.

CHAPTER TWELVE

1
.  Christopher Helman, “In His Own Words: Chesapeake’s Aubrey McClendon Answers Our 25 Questions,”
Forbes,
October 5, 2011.

2
.  William D. Cohan, “The Man Who Walked Away from Goldman Sachs,”
Fortune,
January 26, 2010.

3
.  Helman, “In His Own Words: Chesapeake’s Aubrey McClendon Answers Our 25 Questions.”

4
.  Ibid.

5
.  Russell Gold, “Margin Calls Spark New Wave of Sales,”
Wall Street Journal,
October 14, 2008.

6
.  Joe Carroll, Jef Feeley, and Laurel Brubaker Calkins, “Chesapeake CEO Disavowed Role in 2008 Plunge, Sold Shares,”
Bloomberg News, June 27, 2012.

7
.  Jef Feeley, Laurel Brubaker Calkins, and Joe Carroll, “Chespeake’s McClendon Said Company Overpaid for Leases,” Bloomberg News,
June 26, 2012.

8
.  Ben Casselman, “Credit Crunch and Sinking Prices Threaten Chesapeake Energy’s Growth,”
Wall Street Journal,
October 10, 2008.

9
.  Russell Gold, “Bad Call,”
Wall Street Journal,
February 8, 2009.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

1
.  Ben Casselman, “Chesapeake Energy CEO Defends Stewardship,”
Wall Street Journal,
June 13, 2009.

2
.  Ben Casselman, “Chesapeake Under Fire from Shareholders over CEO Pay,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 28, 2009.

3
.  Casselman, “Chesapeake Energy CEO Defends Stewardship.”

4
.  Laura Legere, “Nearly a Year After a Water Well Explosion, Dimock Twp. Residents Thirst for Gas-Well Fix,”
Scranton Times-Tribune,
October 26, 2009.

5
.  Nathan Vardi, “The Last American Wildcatter,”
Forbes,
February 2, 2009.

6
.  Ibid.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN

1
.  Clifford Krauss and Eric Lipton, “After the Boom in Natural Gas,”
New York Times,
October 20, 2012.

2
.  Peter Lattman, “K.K.R.’s Energy Billionaires Club,”
New York Times,
November 25, 2011.

3
.  Shashana Pearson-Hormillosa, “Facetime with XTO Energy’s Bob Simpson,”
Dallas Business Journal,
June 28, 2009.