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30.
Gualberto A, Pollak M. Emerging role of insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibitors in oncology: early clinical trial results and future directions. Oncogene 2009; 28(34): 3009–21.

31.
Salvioli S, et al. Why do centenarians escape or postpone cancer? the role of IGF-1, inflammation and p53. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58(12): 1909–17. Chitnis MM, et al. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(20): 6364–70.

32.
Rinaldi S, et al. IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and breast cancer risk in women: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). Endocr Relat Cancer 2006; 13(2): 593–605.

33.
Hankinson SE, et al. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 1998; 351(9113): 1393–6.

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Lann D, LeRoith D. The role of endocrine insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13(4): 371–9. Allen NE, et al. A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2005; 92(7): 1283–7. Fletcher O, et al. Polymorphisms and circulating levels in the insulin-like growth factor system and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14(1): 2–19. Renehan AG, et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet 2004; 363(9418): 1346–53. Shi R, et al. IGF-I and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2004; 111(3): 418–23. Sugumar A, et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein 3 and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis of literature. Int J Cancer 2004; 111(2): 293–7. Baglietto L, et al. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and binding protein-3 and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16(4): 763–8.

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Davies M, et al. The insulin-like growth factor system and colorectal cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21(3): 201–8. Sandhu MS, Dunger DB, Giovannucci EL. Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, their biologic interactions, and colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94(13): 972–80.

36.
Rowlands MA, et al. Circulating insulin-like growth factor peptides and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009; 124(10): 2416–29.

37.
Hirano S, et al. Clinical implications of insulin-like growth factors through the presence of their binding proteins and receptors expressed in gynecological cancers
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38.
Giovannucci E, et al. Nutritional predictors of insulin-like growth factor I and their relationships to cancer in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12(2): 84–9. Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr Rev 1994; 15(1): 80–101.

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Qin LQ, He K, Xu JY. Milk consumption and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I level: a systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 7: 330–40.

40.
Fontana L, et al. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell 2008; 7(5): 681–7.

41.
Kaaks R. Nutrition, insulin, IGF-1 metabolism and cancer risk: a summary of epidemiological evidence. Novartis Found Symp 2004; 262: 247–60; discussion 260–68. McCarty MF. Vegan proteins may reduce risk of cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disease by promoting increased glucagon activity. Med Hypotheses 1999; 53(6): 459–85. Cannata D, et al. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: what is the connection? Mt Sinai J Med 2010; 77(2): 197–213. Venkateswaran V, et al. Association of diet-induced hyperinsulinemia with accelerated growth of prostate cancer (LNCaP) xenografts. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99(23): 1793–800.

 

Chapter 6: The Phenomenal Fiber in Beans

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Omiea I, Lazcano-Ponce E, Sanchez-Zamorano LM, et al. Carbohydrates and the risk of breast cancer among Mexican women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13: 1283–9.

2.
Finley JW, Burrell JB, Reeves PG, et al. Pinto bean consumption changes SCFA profiles in fecal fermentations, bacterial populations of the lower bowel, and lipid profiles in blood of humans. J Nutr 2007; 137(11): 2391–8.

3.
Robertson MD, Currie JM, Morgan LM, et al. Prior short-term consumption of resistant starch enhances postprandial insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. Diabetologia 2003; 46(5): 659–65.

4.
Higgins JA, Higbee DR, Donahoo WT, et al. Resistant starch consumption promotes lipid oxidation. Nutrition & Metabolism 2004; 1:8doi:10.1186/1743-7075-1-8.

5.
Carter P, Gray LJ, Troughton J, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c4229.

6.
Behall KM, Howe JC. Effect of long-term consumption of amylose vs amylopectin starch on metabolic variables in human subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995; 61: 334–40. Jenkins DJ, Vuksan V, Kendall CW, et al. Physiological effects of resistant starches on fecal bulk, short chain fatty acids, blood lipids and glycemic index. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1998; 17: 609–16.

7.
Lanza E, Hartman TJ, Albert PS, et al. High dry bean intake and reduced risk of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence among participants in the polyp prevention trial. J Nutr 2006; 136(7): 1896–903.

8.
Singh PN, Fraser GE. Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low-risk population. Am J Epidem 1988; 148: 761–74. Aune D, De Stefani E, Ronco A, et al. Legume intake and the risk of cancer: a multisite case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20(9): 1605–15. Agurs-Collins T, Smoot D, Afful J, et al. Legume intake and reduced colorectal adenoma risk in African-Americans. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2006; 17(2): 6–12. Lanza E, Hartman TJ, Albert PS, et al. High dry bean intake and reduced risk of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence among participants in the polyp prevention trial. J Nutr 2006; 136(7): 1896–903.

9.
Blackberry I, Kouris-Blazos A, Wahlqvist ML, et al. Legumes: the most important dietary predictor of survival in older people of different ethnicities. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004; 13(Suppl): S126.

10.
Wu AH, Yu MC, Tseng CC, Pike MC. Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2008; 98(1): 9–14.

11.
Bednar GE, Patil AR, Murray SM, Grieshop CM, Merchen NR, Fahey GC Jr. Starch and fiber fractions in selected food and feed ingredients affect their small intestinal digestibility and fermentability and their large bowel fermentability in vitro in a canine model. J Nutr 2001 Feb; 131(2): 276–86. Muir JG, O'Dea K. Validation of an in vitro assay for predicting the amount of starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Apr; 57(4): 540–6.

12.
Sluijs I, et al. Carbohydrate quantity and quality and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC–NL) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92(4): 905–11. Barclay AW, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk—a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(3): 627–37. Gnagnarella P, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(6): 1793–801. Sieri S, et al. Dietary glycemic load and index and risk of coronary heart disease in a large Italian cohort: the EPICOR study. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170(7): 640–7.

13.
Buyken AE, Toeller M, Heitkamp G, et al. Glycemic index in the diet of European outpatients with type 1 diabetes: relations to glycated hemoglobin and serum lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73(3): 574–81.

14.
Halton T, Willett WC, Liu S, et al. Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(2): 284–90.

15.
Hodge AM, et al. Dietary patterns and diabetes incidence in the Melbourne collaborative cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165(6): 603–10. Van Dam, RM, et al. Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136(3): 201–9.

16.
Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2008. Diabetes Care 2008 Dec; 31(12): 2281–3. Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 2002 Jul; 76(1): 5–56.

 

Chapter 7: The Truth About Fat

1.
Hu FB, Willett WC. Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA 2002; 288(20): 2569–78. Sabaté J. Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 70, No. 3, 500S–503S, September 1999.

2.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ. Nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a review of epidemiologic evidence. Curr Atheroscler Rep 1999 Nov; 1(3): 204–209.

3.
Mukuddem-Petersen J, Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC. A systematic review of the effects of nuts on blood lipid profiles in humans. J Nutr 2005; 135(9): 2082–9.

4.
Lamarche B, Desroche S, Jenkins DJ, et al. Combined effects of a dietary portfolio of plant sterols, vegetable protein, viscous fiber and almonds on LDL particle size. Br J Nutr 2004; 92(4): 654–63.

5.
Cerdá B, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Metabolism of antioxidant and chemopreventive ellagitannins from strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, and oak-aged wine in humans: identification of biomarkers and individual variability. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(2): 227–35.

6.
Ros E, Naatez I, Parez-Heras A, et al. A walnut diet improves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized crossover trial. Circulation 2004; 109(13): 1609–14.

7.
Ellsworth JL, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Frequent nut intake and risk of death from coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2001 Dec; 11(6): 372–7. Li TY, Brennan AM, Wedick NM, et al. Regular consumption of nuts is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2009; 139(7): 1333–8.

8.
Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC, Manson JE. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians' Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002 Jun 24; 162(12): 1382–7. Fraser GE, Sabaté J, Beeson WL, Strahan TM. A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med 1992 Jul; 152(7): 1416–24. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 1998 Nov 14; 317(7169): 1341–5. Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WC, Sacks F. Nut consumption and risk of recurrent coronary heart disease. FASEB J 1999; 13: A538. Ellsworth JL, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Frequent nut intake and risk of death from coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2001 Dec; 11(6): 372–7.

9.
Zelman KM. It's full of fat and helps you lose weight. WebMD. http://www .webmd.com/diet/features/its-full-of-fat-and-helps-you-lose-weight.

10.
Yuen AW, Sander JW. Is omega-3 fatty acid deficiency a factor contributing to refractory seizures and SUDEP? a hypothesis. Seizure 2004 Mar; 13(2): 104–7.

11.
Coates AM, Howe PR. Edible nuts and metabolic health. Curr Opin Lipidol 2007; 18(1): 25–30. Segura R, Javierre C, Lizarraga MA, Ros E. Other relevant components of nuts: phytosterols, folate and minerals. Br J Nutr 2006; 96 Suppl 2: S36–44.

12.
Rajaram S, Sabat AJ. Nuts, body weight and insulin resistance. Br J Nutr 2006; 96 Suppl 2: S79–86. Sabat AJ. Nut consumption and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(3 Suppl): 647S–650S. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sabat AJ, Gamez-Garcia E, et al. Nut consumption and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN study. Obesity 2007; 15(1): 107–16. Garcia-Lorda P, Megias Rangil I, Salas-Salvada J. Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57 Suppl 1: S8–11. Megas-Rangil I, Garcia-Lorda P, Torres-Moreno M, et al. Nutrient content and health effects of nuts. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2004; 54(2 Suppl 1): 83–6.

13.
Lovejoy JC. The impact of nuts on diabetes and diabetes risk. Curr Diab Rep 2005; 5(5): 379–84. Jiang R, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Liu S, Willett WC, Hu FB. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA 2002; 288(20): 2554–60.

14.
Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, et al. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(8): 1777–83. Ford ES, Mokdad AH. Fruit and vegetable consumption and diabetes mellitus incidence among U.S. adults. Prev Med 2001; 32(1): 33–39. Montonen J, Knekt P, Harkanen T, et al. Dietary patterns and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Am J Epidem 2004; 161(3): 219–27.