The End of Diabetes (30 page)

Read The End of Diabetes Online

Authors: Joel Fuhrman

BOOK: The End of Diabetes
9.96Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

15.
Barnard ND, Scialli AR, Bertron P, et al. Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2000 Apr 15; 85(8): 969–72.

16.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Popovich DG, et al. Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function. Metabolism 2001 Apr; 50(4): 494–503.

17.
Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80(1): 76–81.

18.
Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB, et al. A prospective cohort study of nut consumption and the risk of gallstone disease in men. Am J Epid 2004; 160(10): 961–8.

19.
Brown MJ, Ferruzzi MG, Nguyen ML, et al. Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80(2): 396–403.

20.
Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Ten years of life: is it a matter of choice? Arch Intern Med 2001; 161(13): 1645–52.

21.
Novotny JA, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ. Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96(2): 296–301.

 

Chapter 8: The Nutritarian Diet in Action

1.
Stengle J. Diabetes: some beat it, but are they cured? Seattle Times, April 20, 2009. http://seattletimes.com/html/health/2009084495_apmedbeatingdiabetes .html.

2.
Link LB, Potter JD. Raw versus cooked vegetables and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13(9): 1422–35.

3.
Miller AB. Nutritional aspects of human carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ 1982; (39): 177–92.

4.
Carter P, Gray LJ, Troghton J, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c4229.

5.
Liu X, Lv K. Cruciferous vegetables intake is inversely associated with risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast 2012 Aug 6. Liu B, Mao Q, Cao M, Xie L. Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol 2012 Feb; 19(20: 134–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02906.x. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR, 2007. Zhang CX, Ho SC, Chen YM, Fu, JH, Cheng SZ, Lin FY. Greater vegetable and fruit intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2009 Jul 1; 125(1): 181–8.

6.
Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, Clinton SK. Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(7): 605–13.

7.
Gamet-Payrastre L, Lumeau S, Cassar G. Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Research 2000; 60(5): 1426–33.

8.
Cohen JH, Kristal AR, Stanford JL. Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk. J Nat Can Inst 2000; 92(1): 61–68.

9.
Zakkar M, Van der Heiden K, Anh Luong Le, et al. Activation of Nrf2 in endothelial cells protects arteries from exhibiting a proinflammatory state. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. Published online before print September 3, 2009, doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.193375.

10.
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 1994; 272: 1413–20.

11.
Dwyer JH, Navab M, Dwyer KM, et al. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein and progression of early atherosclerosis: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Circulation 2001; 103(24): 2922–7.

12.
Bellisle F. Impact of the daily meal pattern on energy balance. Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition 2004; 48: 114–18. Marmonier C, Chapelot D, Fantino M, Louis-Sylvestre J. Snack consumed in a non hungry state has poor satiating efficiency: influence of snack composition on substrate utilization and hunger. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 76: 518–28. Favero A, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, et al. Meal frequency and coffee intake in colon cancer. Nutr Cancer 1998; 30(3): 182–5. Stote KS, Baer DJ, Spears K, et al. GKA controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(4): 981–8. Bertéus FH, Torgerson JS, Sjöström L, Lindroos AK. Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population. International Journal of Obesity 2005; 29(6): 711–9.

13.
Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, et al. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101(6): 432–5. Ebbing M, Bonaa KH, Arnesen E, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B
12
. JAMA 2009; 302(19): 2119–26. Charles D, Ness AR, Campbell D, et al. Taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. BMJ 2004; 329: 1375–6. Fife J, Raniga S, Hider PN, Frizelle FA. Folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk; a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13(2): 132–7. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang S, Leitzmann MF, et al. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(4): 895–904. Yi K. Does a high folate intake increase the risk of breast cancer? Nutr Rev 2006; 64(10PT1): 468–75. Cole B, Baron J, Sandler R, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. JAMA 2007; 297(21): 2351–9. Smith AD, Kim Y, et al. Is folic acid good for everyone? Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(3): 517. Kim Y. Role of folate in colon cancer development and progression. J Nutr 2003 133(11 Supp1): 3731S–3739S. Guelpen BV, Hultdin J, Johansson I, et al. Low folate levels may protect against colorectal cancer. Gut 2006; 55: 1461–6.

14.
Mayne ST. Beta-carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans. FASEB 1996; 10(7): 690–701. Goodman GE. Prevention of lung cancer. Current Opinion in Oncology 1998; 10(2): 122–6. Kolata G. Studies find beta carotene, taken by millions, can't forestall cancer or heart disease.
New York Times,
Jan 19, 1996. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin a on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18); 1150–5. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88(21): 1560–70. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Ripatti S, et al. Randomized trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997; 349(9067): 1715–20.

15.
Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9.

16.
Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007 May 16; 99(10): 754–64.

17.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolava D, Gluud LL, et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr 16; (2): CD007176.

18.
Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88(21): 1156–1570. Rapola JM, Viramo J, Ripatti S, et al. Randomized trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997; 349(9067): 1715–20.

19.
Melhus H, Michaelson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129(10): 770–8.

20.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolava D, Gluud LL, et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr; 16(2): CD007176.

21.
Brewer GJ. Iron and copper toxicity in diseases of aging, particularly atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med 2007; 232(2): 323.

22.
Brewer GJ. Iron and copper toxicity in diseases of aging, particularly atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med 2007; 232(2): 323. Morris MC, et al. Dietary copper and high saturated and trans fat intakes associated with cognitive decline. Archives of Neurology 2006; 63: 1085–8.

23.
Vinceti M, Wei ET, Malagoli C, et al. Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev Environ Health 2001; 16(4): 233–51. Mueller AS, Mueller K, Wolf NM, Pallauf J. Selenium and diabetes: an enigma? Free Radic Res 2009; 8:1–31. Laclaustra M, Navas-Acien A, Stranges S, et al. Serum selenium concentrations and diabetes in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117(9): 1409–13. Navas-Acien A, Bleys J, Guallar E. Selenium intake and cardiovascular risk: what is new? Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19(1): 43–9. Stranges S, Laclaustra M, Ji C, et al. Higher selenium status is associated with adverse blood lipid profile in British adults. J Nutr 2010; 140(1): 81–7. Chan JM, Oh WK, Xie W, et al. Plasma selenium, manganese superoxide dismutase, and intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(22): 3577–83.

24.
Hunt JR. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(suppl): 633S 639S. De Bortoli MC, Cozzolino SM. Zinc and selenium nutritional status in vegetarians. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 127(3): 228–33. Frassinetti S, Bronzetti G, Caltavuturo L, et al. The role of zinc in life: a review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2006; 25(3): 597–610.

25.
Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas AG. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Sep; 65(9): 1005–15.

26.
Zoler ML. High vitamin D intake linked to reduced fractures. Family Practice News 2010 (November 16, 2010). http://www.familypracticenews.com/news/diabetes-endocrinology-metabolism/single-article/high-vitamin-d-intake-linked-to-reduced-fractures/61811559c684d1757cd4985ba2c57fc5.html. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010 Jul 29; 341: c3691. Wang L, Manson JE, Sesso HD. Calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies and randomized clinical trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012 Apr 1; 12(2): 105–16.

27.
Martins JG. EPA but not DHA appears to be responsible for the efficacy of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in depression: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr 2009 Oct; 28(5): 525–42.

28.
McEwen B, Morel-Kopp MC, Tofler G, Ward C. Effect of omega-3 fish oil on cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2010 Jul–Aug; 36(4): 565–84. Von Schacky C. The omega-3 index as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011 Nov; 96(1–4): 94–8.

29.
De Luis DA, Conde R, Aller R, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia: an open study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009 Jan–Feb; 13(1): 51–5. Hartweg J, Farmer AJ, Holman RR, Neil A. Potential impact of omega-3 treatment on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009 Feb; 20(1): 30–8. Hartweg J, Perera R, Montori V, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD003205.

30.
Djoussé L, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Lee IM. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and fish consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2011 Jan; 93(1): 143–50. Brostow DP, Odegaard AO, Koh WP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2011 Aug; 94(2): 520–6.

31.
Kaushik M, Mozaffarian D, Spiegelman D, et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2009 Sep; 90(3): 613–20.

32.
Thornalley PJ, Babaei-Jadidi R, Al Ali H. High prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration in diabetes linked to a marker of vascular disease. Diabetologia 2007 Oct; 50(10): 2164–70. Vindedzis SA, Stanton KG, Sherriff JL, Dhaliwal SS. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes—is diet relevant? Diab Vasc Dis Res 2008 Sep; 5(3): 215.

33.
Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011 Jun; 65(6): 684–90.

34.
Thornalley PJ. The potential role of thiamine (vitamin B
1
) in diabetic complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 2005 Aug; 1(3): 287–98. Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011 Jun; 65(6): 684–90.

Other books

Undone, Volume 1 by Callie Harper
Fever by Friedrich Glauser
She Fell Among Thieves by Yates, Dornford
Battle Fleet (2007) by Paul Dowswell
The Alchemist's Door by Lisa Goldstein
Cranioklepty by Colin Dickey
Chaos Choreography by Seanan McGuire