The Devil Wins: A History of Lying from the Garden of Eden to the Enlightenment (57 page)

devil’s mousetrap: Ambrose on,
70
–
71
; Aquinas on,
71
–
72
,
74
–
75
; Augustine on,
67
–
68
,
70
; in bestiaries,
67
; Bonaventure on,
72
–
73
; Gerson on,
72
; Gregory of Nyssa on,
68
–
70
; Holkot on,
82
–
83
; Luther on,
88
–
89

de’Zorzi, Pietro,
226

dialectic.
See
rhetoric

dissimulation: Accetto on,
184
–
87
; Alexander of Hales on,
123
–
24
; Antoninus on,
136
; Castiglione on,
162
; Christine de Pizan on,
177
–
78
; defined,
136
,
184
–
85
; as lying,
185
–
87
; Navarrus on,
142
–
43

divine fishhook.
See
devil’s mousetrap

Dury, John,
55

equivocation.
See
mental reservation

Eucharist: Aquinas on,
79
; Bonaventure on,
77
–
78
; as deception,
79
–
82
; Holkot on,
81
–
85
,
88
; Ockham on,
80
; as sacrament of truth,
77
–
79
,
85
; Wycliff on,
85
–
88

Eve: Augustine on,
39
–
45
; Calvin on,
51
–
52
; Christine de Pizan on,
222
–
23
; Chrysostom on,
37
–
40
; Luther on,
48
–
51
; Philo of Alexandria on,
210
–
11
; role in Fall,
37
–
52
,
59
–
61
,
205
–
7
; Rupert of Duetz on,
205
–
7
; Vincent of Beauvais on,
207
–
8

Fall: Adam’s role in,
43
,
45
–
46
,
59
–
61
; as allegory,
30
–
32
; Ambrose on,
40
–
45
; Augustine on,
31
–
32
,
39
–
40
,
44
–
45
,
60
–
61
; Bonaventure on,
41,
46
,
50
; Calvin on,
51
–
52
,
65
–
66
; consequences of,
23
–
24
,
26
–
28
,
54
,
146
–
47
,
208
; and divine deception,
63
–
64
; Eve’s role in,
37
–
52
,
59
–
61
,
205
–
8
; as heresy/misinterpretation,
27
–
28
,
47
–
55
,
58
–
61
; as historical event,
31
–
33
,
47
; Hugh of St. Victor on,
49
; interpretive problems with,
28
–
35
; Kant on,
255
–
56
; Luther on,
32
–
33
,
47
–
51
; Milton on,
59
–
61
; as model for all temptations,
24
–
25
,
27
; Nicholas of Lyra on,
36
–
37
; Pascal on,
146
–
47
; Philo of Alexandria on,
31
; role of Devil in,
33
–
34
,
37
–
52
,
59
–
61
,
205
–
7
,
210
–
11
; Rousseau on,
247
–
49
; Rupert of Deutz on,
205
–
7

Fifteen Joys of Marriage, The
,
201

flattery: Chartier on,
154
–
55
; Christine de Pizan on,
163
–
64
; Guazzo on,
184
,
189
–
90
; John of Salisbury on,
153
,
164
,
172
–
73
; Mandeville on,
192
–
93
; Walker on,
183
–
84

Fonte, Moderata: on language and truth,
230
–
32
; on male dishonesty,
226
–
32
,
235
–
37
; on male vanity,
231
–
34
; on marriage,
228
,
236
–
37
; and Venetian society,
227

Foulechat, Denis,
164
,
167
–
68

Galen,
212

Garden of Eden.
See
Temptation

Gerson, Jean,
72

God: Augustine on,
62
–
65
; Bayle on,
94
–
96
,
98
–
99
,
103
–
4
; Calvin on,
65
–
66
,
91
–
94
; as deceiver,
63
–
66
,
81
–
104
; Descartes on,
62
–
63
,
94
–
104
; and devil’s mousetrap,
67
–
77
; and the Eucharist,
77
–
88
; Holkot on,
81
–
85
; as inscrutable,
66
,
84
,
87
–
88
,
90
–
94
; Luther on,
88
–
91
; Malebranche on,
102
–
3
; Wycliff on,
85
–
88

Gombaud, Antoine (Chevalier de Méré),
193

Gracián, Baltasar,
193
–
95

Gratian,
173
–
75

Gregory of Nyssa,
68
–
70

Gregory of Rimini,
94
–
95

Guazzo, Stefano: on civility,
188
–
90
; on dissembling and lying,
187
–
90
; on flattery,
184
,
189
–
90

Guido de Monte Rocherii,
76
–
77

Hammond, Henry,
105
,
145

Hebrew midwives,
116
–
17
,
125

Holkot, Robert,
81
–
85
,
88
,
90

Hugh of St. Victor,
37
,
39
,
45
–
46
,
49

Humbert of Romans,
135

hypocrisy,
133
–
34
,
180
–
81

Isidore of Seville,
156

Jacob, and Esau: Alexander of Hales on,
122
–
23
; Antoninus on,
136
; Aquinas on,
122
; Augustine on,
118
–
19

Jean de Meun,
202
,
220

Jehan le Fèvre.
See
le Fèvre
,
Jehan

Jerome,
107
–
8

John of Paris,
213

John of Salisbury: on flatterers,
153
–
54
,
163
–
64
; on lying,
172
–
75
,
181
–
82
,
189
,
202
; on prudence,
168
; and skepticism,
164
–
68
; and self-knowledge,
163
–
64
,
170
–
71

Kant, Immanuel,
254
–
57

Kramer, Heinrich,
204
,
216

Langland, William,
76

La Rochefoucauld, François duc de,
189
,
195

Law, William,
197
–
98

le Fèvre, Jehan,
200
–
201
,
203

Lombard, Peter,
37
,
65
,
119

Luther, Martin: on the devil’s mousetrap,
88
–
91
; on divine deception,
88
–
92
; on the Fall,
32
–
33
,
47
–
51
; and literal interpretation,
47
–
48
,
52
–
55

lying: and amphibology,
141
–
45
; and dissimulation,
185
–
87
; and the historiography of Early Modern Europe,
6
–
10
; and masculine nature,
226
–
37
; and mental reservation/misleading,
117
–
18
,
122
,
136
–
45
; as necessary to society,
191
,
196
–
98
,
238
,
245
–
46
,
253
–
54
; as sin against justice,
119
–
21
, as sin against Truth,
110
–
16
,
126
; as sin against truth,
124
–
31
; types of,
114
–
15
,
120
–
21
,
125
–
27
; and women,
199
–
211
,
214
–
16
,
225

—acceptable: Christine de Pisan on,
176
–
81
,
225
; Guazzo on,
187
–
90
; John of Salisbury on,
172
–
175
,
180
–
81
,
202
; Rousseau on,
251
–
52
,
254
; Walker on,
188
–
90

—definitions of: Alexander of Hales’,
122
–
23
; Antoninus of Florence’s,
138
–
41
; Aquinas’s,
119
–
21
; Augustine’s,
113
–
15
; Prierias’s,
139
–
41
; Rousseau’s,
250
–
51
; Scotus’s,
124
–
25

—prohibited: Aquinas on,
119
–
22
; Augustine on,
7
–
8
,
105
–
14
; Kant on,
254
–
55
; in the scholastic tradition,
8
,
107
–
8
,
119
–
35
,
143
–
44

Machiavelli, Niccolò,
6
–
7
,
8

Malebranche, Pierre,
102
–
3

Mandeville, Bernard: on civility,
193
; on flattery and lies,
191
–
94
,
196
–
98
; on human nature,
191
–
92

Marinella, Lucrezia: on masculine adornment,
232
–
34
; on masculine dishonesty,
226
–
27
; and Venetian society,
227

Martin, John Jeffries,
259n19

Matheolus.
See
Matthew of Bologne

Matthew of Bologne (Matheolus),
199
–
200

mental reservation: Antoninus on,
136
–
39
; Azor on,
144
–
45
; Pascal on,
109
; Prierias on,
139
; restrictions on,
139
–
41

Mersenne, Marin,
94
–
95

Milton, John,
33
,
59
–
61

Mirandola, Pico della,
234

misogyny: biblical,
205
–
11
; Boccaccio and,
221
–
24
; Christine de Pizan’s critique of,
204
–
5
,
216
–
25
; Chrysostom and,
211
; in
The Hammer of Witches
,
203
–
4
; institutionalized,
235
–
37
; medical,
211
–
16
; in medieval literature,
199
–
203
; Tertullian and,
203
,
208
–
11

Navarrus (Martin Azpilcueta),
141
–
45

Nicholas of Lyra,
26
,
35
–
37
,
45
,
63
–
64

Nicole, Pierre,
194
–
96

Nider, Johannes,
134
–
35

Ockham, William,
80
–
81

Origin,
32

Pascal, Blaise: on original sin,
146
–
49
; and Jesuit casuistry
108
–
10
,
145

Paul (saint),
23
,
25
,
27

Peacham, Henry,
234
–
35

Pecham, John,
79

perplexity, moral,
173
–
75

Peter of Blois,
157
–
58
,
181

Philibert de Vienne,
182
–
83

Philo of Alexandria,
31
,
210
–
11

Physiologus
,
67

Prierias, Sylvester,
8

Priscillian,
106

probability.
See
rhetoric

prudence (
prudentia
): Albert the Great on,
215
–
16
,
222
; Aquinas on,
74
–
75
,
214
; Bonaventure on,
73
–
74
; Buridan on,
214
; Charron on,
160
–
61
; Christine de Pizan on,
175
–
76
,
222
–
25
; and cunning,
74
–
75
,
214
–
16
,
222
; and the devil’s mousetrap,
73
–
77
,
90
; John of Salisbury on,
168
; Oresme on,
214
; and women,
214
–
16
,
222
–
25