The Describer's Dictionary: A Treasury of Terms & Literary Quotations (21 page)

BOOK: The Describer's Dictionary: A Treasury of Terms & Literary Quotations
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A stucco style, lacking the sculptural ornamentation of the Spanish Colonial, with balconies, towers or turrets, and tiled roofs common. Eaves have a wide overhang, and square piers support porch roofs.
 
Prairie
Two-story dwellings, with low, hipped roofs, widely overhanging eaves, one-story porches or wings, and no ornamentation—the emphasis or feeling being distinctly horizontal. The porch supports are often massive, and ribbon windows with dark-wood stripping are common.
 
Stick
(
Carpenter Gothic
)
Accenting the vertical, these buildings have a steep gabled roof, large verandas, and boldly projecting eaves. The main and other gables often have near the top an ornamental truss. Also characteristic are vertical, horizontal, or diagonal stick-work (boards) overlaid on the wall surface, to suggest exposed structural framing, and gingerbread trim.
 
New England Farm House
A simple box-shaped house of (usually) white clapboard, with a steep-pitched roof and central chimney.
 
Cape Cod
A simple rectangular, one-and-one-half-story house of clapboard, shingles, brick, or other material, with a low central chimney and a steep, shingled roof.
 
Beaux
-
Arts
 
Double or coupled columns are the telltale feature of these imposing symmetrical buildings, which often have monumental (impressive) steps; wall surfaces with pilasters, columns, or decorative features; and sometimes sculpted classical figures at the top of the edifice.
 
 
Next morning Johnny got up early and went round to the office of the Ocean City Improvement and Realty Company that was in a new greenstained shingled bungalow on the freshly laidout street back of the beach. There was no one there yet, so he walked round the town. It was a muggy gray day and the cottages and the frame stores and the unpainted shacks along the railroad track looked pretty desolate.
JOHN DOS PASSOS,
The Morning of the Century
 
 
This house was the pride of the town. Faced with stone as far back as the dining-room windows, it was a house of arches and turrets and girdling stone porches: it had the first port-cochere seen in that town.
BOOTH TARKINGTON,
The Magnificent Ambersons
 
 
Yossarian never went there to help until it was finished; then he went there often, so pleased was he with the large, fine, rambling shingled building.
JOSEPH HELLER,
Catch-22
 
 
The cottages were mostly rambling, shingled affairs, gabled, dormered, and turreted, with screened porches and wooden walls on the inside and big stone fireplaces. Each cottage was different, yet one seemed much like another. The Aldrich cottage, where the McGhees always stayed, was one of
Tommy’s two favorites; it was a big log cabin—the only log cabin on the Island—with a Dutch door. The Farnsworth cottage, his other favorite, was a shingled house weathered to a silver sheen with blue trim and a round room in a high turret that Mrs. Farnsworth sometimes used to take him up to. You could see way up the river from that room. WILLIAM MC PHERSON,
Testing the Current
 
 
Georgian Revival
Most commonly a boxlike house of one or two stories whose doors, windows, and chimney or chimneys are strictly symmetrical. The roof may have a centered gable or side gables or be either hipped or gambrel, but the cornice usually has a decorative molding of tooth-like dentils. Usually a paneled front door framed by pilasters and an entablature. The double-hung windows usually have small panes and are always symmetrically positioned, never paired.
 
Shingle
The ground stories are sometimes of stone, but the upper stories are always cladded in shingles. Roofs are often of the gambrel type with moderate steepness ending in a broad gable, and there are generally several chimneys, extensive porches, and multilevel eaves. The windows have small panes.
 
Modernistic
Sleekly asymmetrical. In the Art Moderne style, wall surfaces (usually of stucco) are smooth, and there is a generally horizontal emphasis accented by lines or grooves in the walls and horizontal balustrades. In the earlier and rarer Art Deco style, on the smooth stucco wall surfaces there are zigzag and other geometric designs and, above the roof line, tower-like projections.
 
International Style
Asymmetrical but unlike parts are carefully balanced. There is absolutely no ornamentation around walls or windows, with surfaces smooth and uniform and roofs flat. The windows, of the metal casement type, are flush or blended into the walls and sometimes “turn the corner.” Balconies and other projections are often cantilever supported.
 
 
COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
 
 
earth and grass
sod, turf
 
 
Through my glasses I saw the slope of a hill interspersed with rare trees and perfectly free from undergrowth. A long decaying building on the summit was half buried in the high grass; the large holes in the peaked roof gaped black from afar; the jungle and the woods made a background. There was no enclosure or fence of any kind; but there had been one apparently, for near the house half-a-dozen slim posts remained in a row, roughly trimmed, and with their upper ends ornamented with round carved balls.
JOSEPH CONRAD,
Heart of Darkness
 
 
This palace was distinguished by a feature not very common in the architecture of Roman edifices; that is to say, a medieval tower, square, massive, lofty, and battlemented and ma- chicolated at the summit.
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE,
The Marble Faun
 
 
There was always a little grey street leading to the stage-door of the theatre and another little grey street where your lodgings were, and rows of little houses with chimneys like the funnels of dummy steamers and smoke the same colour as the sky; and a grey stone promenade running hard, naked and straight by the side of the grey-brown or grey-green sea....
JEAN RHYS,
Voyage in the Dark
 
poles with interwoven branches, reeds, twigs, or the like used in primitive
dwellings
wattle
straw
,
rushes
,
or the like used for roofing
thatch
length of unshaped timber
log
bonding mixture
(
lime or cement or both with sand and water
)
used
between stones or bricks
mortar
clay bricks, tiles, stones, or concrete or glass blocks usually bonded with
mortar or cement
masonry
pulverized clay and limestone mixture
cement, Portland cement
stone
-
like mixture of Portland cement with water and an aggregate
(
pebbles
,
shale
,
gravel
,
etc
.)
concrete
block of concrete
concrete block
concrete strengthened with embedded metal
(
usually steel
)
strands or mesh
reinforced concrete
translucent block used chiefly in walls
glass block
red brick
redbrick
glazed or baked brick
fired brick
brick of sun
-
dried clay and straw
adobe, unfired brick
raw or unfinished pieces of stone
fieldstone
hewn or squared masonry stone
ashlar
 
 
Built of butter-yellow sandstone blocks hand-hewn in quarries five hundred miles eastward, the house had two stories and was constructed on austerely Georgian lines, with large, many-paned windows and a wide, iron-pillared veranda running all the way around its bottom story.
COLLEEN McCULLOUGH,
The Thorn Birds
 
 
We lived on the first floor of a three-story brownstone house that stood on a quiet street just off busy Lee Avenue. The brownstone row houses lined both sides of the street, and long, wide, stone stairways led from the sidewalks to the frosted-glass double doors of the entrances.
CHAIM POTOK,
The Chosen
 
 
Judge Tyler’s house was one of the brick ones, with a Mansard roof and patterns in the shingles. There were dormer windows. It was three stories high, with a double-decker veranda, and with white painted stonework around all the windows, which were high and narrow. The whole house looked too high and narrow, and there were a lot of steps up to the front door.
WALTER VAN TILBURG CLARK,
The Ox-Bow Incident
 
broken stone
riprap, rubble, revertment
stone made
(
dressed
)
smooth
cut stone
burnt or baked thin or curved slab or various building materials used
mostly for roofs
tile, tiling
mixture of gypsum or limestone with sand and water and sometimes hair
used primarily for walls and ceilings
plaster
boards of fiberboard, felt, or the like used in place of plaster
plasterboard, Sheetrock, drywall, gypsum board
covering or overlay of one material over another in a wall
cladding
weatherproof boards, sheets, or shingles used for the exposed facing of a
frame building
siding
exterior plaster finish
(
usually of Portland cement and sand
)
stucco
wall exterior of mortar and pressed-in pebbles
pebble-dash, rock-dash, roughcast
long and thin horizontal board
(
with one edge thinner
)
used
overlappingly with others for siding
clapboard, weatherboard
sawed thin oblong of wood, slate, or other building material used
overlappingly as roofing or siding
shingle
split-log shingle
(
commonly of cedar
)
shake
polished mosaic or chip-like flooring usually of marble and stone
terrazo
EARTH AND SKY
 
Terrain and Landscape
 
Then they crossed a stone stile on to the moor, and followed a pony-trail northwards, with the screes of the mountain rising steeply on the left. Beyond a spinney of birches, they came to a barn and longhouse, standing amid heaps of broken wall.
BRUCE CHATWIN,
On the Black
Hill
 
 
We now come abreast of the gap on the right, and it ends the tedium of the reach upriver. It is a broad window into stands of cypress, their wide fluted bases attached to their reflections in still, dark water.
JOHN Mc PHEE,
The Control of Nature
 
 
The coast for the fifty miles west of Bognor was full of pleats and tucks—harbors, channels, inlets, and Southampton Water, and the bays of Spithead.
PAUL THEROUX,
The Kingdom by the Sea
 
 
We were at the edge of the New Forest, and the heather and gorse and its flatness gave it the look of a moor.
PAUL THEROUX,
The Kingdom by the Sea
aspect or conformation of land
landscape
particular extensive locale of land
area, region, tract, expanse
 
plant growth or life
vegetation, foliage
visibly green
plant life or trees
greenery, verdure
grassy (or nonwoody) vegetation
herbage
greenery as cover or food for deer
vert
 
region abounding in trees
forest, woods, woodland, forestland
extensive tropical wet woodland with tall trees that form a light-blocking
canopy
rain forest

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