The Cry for Myth (39 page)

Navajos, women’s initiation rituals among, 290

Nazism, 40, 41, 55
n
, 265

negation:

creativity vs., 274, 275

in psychotherapy, 32-34

Satan as symbol of, 32, 33, 271, 274

unconscious mind and, 251

Neoplatonism, 293

neurosis:

cause of, 226

lying and, 182

rage linked to, 204

sexual disturbances linked to, 155

social responsibility and, 69

Tillich’s definition of, 202

new, myth of, 101-104

New Age, 101, 103

New England, community squares in, 51

Newsweek
, 120

New Testament, 261

New World, discovery of, 91-93

New York Times, 22n
, 302

Nietzsche, Friedrich:

alienation decried by, 207

Beckett vs., 42

brothels visited by, 258, 259

contemporaries of, 170

daimonic factor recognized by, 190

Freud vs., 74

on heroes, 57

on hunger for myth, 11, 45, 47

Mann’s
Doctor Faustus
and, 258, 259, 260

Melville vs., 284

on need for roots, 11, 49

willpower rejected by, 74

Nin, Anais, 290
n

Noah, 143

non-being, 33,77, 185, 202

North, Oliver, 56, 124

nuclear warfare:

devastation of, 271

Western Faustianism and, 218–219, 269, 271

world community and, 301

Nunn, Clyde Z., 24
n

Nutcracker legend, 210

Ode to Joy
(Beethoven), 262

Odysseus, myth of:

American frontiersmen vs., 94

in underworld, 99

Odyssey
(Homer), 104–105

hell visited in, 166, 273

immortality relinquished in, 295-297

Proteus described in, 104-105

Oedipus complex, 74-75

Oedipus in Colonus
(Sophocles):

Oedipus Rex
vs., 82, 85, 86

responsibility theme of, 73

story of, 81-86

Oedipus myth:

archetypal patterns found in, 37, 43, 75,184

basic story of, 78
n

birth in, 38

development of, 28

healing aspects of, 81, 82, 84–86

identity and, 28, 30

Peer Gynt
vs., 180–181

reinterpretations of, 72–73

Oedipus Rex
(Sophocles):

Briar Rose
vs., 205

early childhood crisis symbolized in, 38

Oedipus in Colonus
vs., 82, 85, 86

psychoanalytic theory and, 82, 86

Roots
vs., 48

search for identity in, 48, 78–81

story of, 78–81

Old Testament, 47

see also specific books of Old Testament

Olympus, divine conflicts on, 278, 283

On Memory and Childhood Amnesia
(Schactel), 68

opportunism, 160–161

Ordinary People
, 152

Oresteia, The
(Aeschylus):

adolescent independence dramatized in, 39,40

Athena’s role in, 36, 284

Flies
vs., 40–41

Orestes, myth of, 39, 40

organization man, 115

Origen, 255, 272

originality, 274, 275

original sin, 34
n
, 135

orphans, 53

Ortega y Gasset, José, 241

ostracism, 81, 95, 96

“Our Faustian Bargain” (Weinberg), 219

outlaws, 95

out-of-body experiences, 23, 260

Paracelsus, 151

Paradise Lost
(Milton), 34, 274

paradox, human, 76, 77, 105

parental seduction, Freudian theory of, 75

passivity, transformation through, 198–199

Passover, 50

patriarchal power, 239, 246–247, 250

patriotism, 30–31

Paul, Saint, 155, 157

Paulus
(May), 54

Peer Gynt
(Ibsen), 168–193

Briar Rose
vs., 196, 197

date of, 168
n
, 170

Eros principle manifested in, 76

female power depicted in, 164–165, 175, 181, 287

individualism in, 175–177

integration process depicted in, 188–192

negative emotions shown in, 185–186, 211

Oedipal pattern and, 180–181

Peer’s relationship with women in, 172–175, 178–181, 182, 189, 192–193, 196, 287

self-destructive pattern shown in, 211

sin in, 161, 189–190

Solveig in, 76, 172–173, 178–179, 192–193, 287

story of, 171–176, 181–192

strange traveler in, 117, 188, 193

trolls in, 175–178, 190–191

universality of, 169–170

Peloponnesian War, 46

penis envy, 289

Pequod
, 278, 283

Pericles, 46

Perkins, Maxwell, 128–129

Perls, Fritz, 177

personal identity,
see
identity

“Personality and Career of Satan, The” (Murray), 271–272

Peter Pan, 210

“phantasy,” “fantasy” vs., 65
n

photography, 130–140, 300

Pilgrims, 45

Plato, 16, 28

Platoon
, 27

Plymouth Rock, 45, 101

Poe, Edgar Allan, 275–276

poets:

cultural role of, 106

perceptive faculties of, 37–38

Poincaré, Jules-Henri, 166

politics, American, 102, 126

pornography, 242

Pound, Ezra, 162

power:

of evil, 279

patriarchal, 239, 246–247, 250

sexuality and, 242

presence:

adolescent relationships and, 214

in
Briar Rose
, 207–208

defined, 85, 193

therapist’s role as, 156–157

pride, 232, 272

Prince, The
(Machiavelli), 52

problems, feminine approach to, 291

progress:

Goethe’s belief in, 255

of industrialism, 235

in medicine, 260–261

modern striving mistaken for, 239

Sisyphus myth as denial of, 144

technological vs. spiritual, 218

as theme in Goethe’s
Faust
, 247, 250, 154, 255

Prohibition, 100, 125

projection, 79–80

Prometheus, 146, 284

Protestantism, masculine values of, 220, 288

Proteus, myth of, 104–107, 129

Psyche, 39

psychic situations, 43

psychoanalysis:

development of, 9, 16, 182–183

Oedipus Rex
vs., 79–80, 86

personal myth sought through, 49

as sickness vs. cure, 266–267

psychologists, Mann on, 260, 266

psychotherapy:

in America vs. Europe, 101–102, 114, 122

Briar Rose
and, 197–199, 202, 210–214, 291

confessional aspect of, 151, 155

cure vs. coping ability gained in, 161, 165

Divine Comedy
vs., 153, 155–164, 165, 167, 193

empathy and, 157

Faustian aspects of, 266–269

Goethe’s
Faust
and, 237–238, 240, 243, 245, 267

initial emotions in, 186

limits of, 162–165

loneliness and, 98

Mann’s
Doctor Faustus
and, 267

Marlowe’s
Doctor Faustus
and, 267, 268, 269

myth making recognized in, 18–21

narcissistic personality in, 112–113

negative impulses acknowledged in, 32–34

patient’s expectations in, 103, 267–269

patient’s responsibility in, 35–37

problem-centered vs. person-centered, 114

rationalism in, 19, 32

religion vs., 269

resistances evoked through, 152

sexual patterns affected by, 180

social vs. egocentric views of, 69

therapist’s role in, 70, 151, 165, 193

types of, 102

psychotherapy, case histories from:

Adrienne, 63–65, 67

Charles, 31–34, 69, 271

Deborah, 17–21, 46, 51, 98

Sylvia, 197–199, 202, 210–214

Ursula, 35–37

puberty rituals, 38–39

Puritanism, 125–126, 283

Pursuit of Loneliness, The
(Slater), 99
n

Pyramids of Sacrifice
(Berger), 26

Radachristian, 22
n

radiation, 301–302

Rajneesh, 22
n

Rank, Otto, 38, 50, 289–290

rationalism:

goals of, 22

intuition vs., 163

language and, 26

as left-brain activity, 288

overemphasis on, 28

in psychotherapy, 19, 32

reason vs., 162

science vs., 25

“Raven, The” (Poe), 275–276

reaction-formation, 98

Reagan, Ronald, 56, 118–119, 124

reason, 162,163, 237

Reavey, George, 168
n

Reformation, masculine values emphasized in, 220, 288

Reich, Wilhelm, 69

Reik, Theodore, 214, 215–216

relationship:

courage of, 205

presence as, 157

religion:

cults and, 22–24, 122, 126, 274

fundamentalist, 27, 122, 270
n

individualism and, 109–110

psychotherapy vs., 269

rituals of, 50–51

Renaissance:

Faust legend and, 219–221, 226, 227

humanism of, 227

knowledge as power in, 231

New World development and, 92

patriarchal values of, 228

repetition, 97, 144, 145

repression, 74, 267
n
, 268

resistance, 79–80

Resistance, French, 41

responsibility:

divine vs. human, 40

freedom linked with, 291

guilt vs., 82–83

in
Oedipus in Colonus
, 73, 82

Return of She, The
(Haggard), 165

Return of the Jedi, The
, 18

revelation, 163

revivalism, 109–110

Reynolds, Mary T., 154
n

Riesman, David, 97
n

right brain, 26

Rights of Man, 254

Rilke, Rainer Maria, 261
n
, 274

rituals:

as active myths, 290

of puberty, 38–39

religious, 50–51

Road to Success
(Carnegie), 117

Robertson, James Oliver, 46, 92
n
, 115

Robin Hood, 95

role models, 54, 124

Roman mythology, Christian attack on, 24–25

Romans, St. Paul’s Epistle to, 155

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 55 Roosevelt, Theodore, 95

rootlessness, 48–49, 99, 137

Roots
(Haley), 30,47–49

Rosen, John, 157

roses, symbolic use of, 195, 205, 206

“Sad to Say It Never Has Been So” (Brecht and Weill), 207

Sagan, Carl, 22
n

Saint Joan
(Shaw), 284

Salem, witch burnings in, 274, 283

salesmanship, 43–44, 126, 140–141

San Francisco 49ers, 46, 51

Sartre, Jean Paul:

adolescent independence themes and, 39

Flies
, 40–41

on hell, 225

on meaning of existence, 15

on myth, 66

Satan:

American outlaw heroes and, 95

betrayal or duping of, 255

biblical description of, 271–272

as Captain Ahab, 34, 277–281, 282, 283, 284

contemporary books on, 271

goodness seen in work of, 235, 255

as Lucifer, 32, 34, 139, 223, 272–273, 380

in Mann’s
Doctor Faustus
, 259–263, 267

mythic development of, 34

negation represented by, 32, 33, 271, 274

pride of, 272

pseudonyms for, 34

as rebel, 32, 271

temptations timed by, 202

see also
devil; Mephistopheles

Schactel, Ernest, 68

Schelling, Friedrich, 236

Schiller, Friedrich von, 234

schizophrenia:

disintegration of self-world relationship in, 185

mythic creation and, 17–20

therapeutic process and, 157

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 74, 236

Schwartz, Delmore, 61

Schweickart, Russell, 298–300, 302

Schweitzer, Albert, 58

science:

mental attitude required for, 287

myths vs., 25

rationalism vs., 25

Scott, Dave, 299

self-consciousness, 74

see also
consciousness

self-expressionism, 267
n
, 268

self-realization, 289

Seligman, Martin, 121–123

sexism, 288–289

sexuality, power and, 242

sexual relationships:

conscious mind vs. unconscious impulse in, 225

as escape, 238
n

Faust legend and, 226, 228–230, 242

premature, 214

women’s choice in, 195

“shadows,” 27, 271

Shakespeare, William:

birth of, 222

Hamlet
, 78
n

King Lear
, 23

Macbeth
, 152, 282

tragic view of, 161

Shaw, George Bernard, 169, 284

She
(Haggard), 165

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 284

Sicari, Stephen, 70
n

Simpson, Elizabeth, 66
n

sin(s):

in
Great Gatsby
, 129, 134, 135

of hubris, 231–232

necessary recognition of, 161–162

original, 34
n
, 135

in
Peer Gynt
, 161, 189–190

of society, 264–265

Sisyphus, myth of, 39, 144–147

Slater, Philip, 99
n

slavery, 47, 48, 291

sleep, 198

“Sleeping Beauty,” 194–195

see also Briar Rose

Smiles, Samuel, 250

Smith, Henry Nash, 94
n
, 109
n
, 127
n

social interest, 30–31, 69

Socrates, 231, 284

Solveig, 76, 172–173, 178–179, 192–193, 287

“Song of Myself” (Whitman), 109

Sontag, Susan, 130–140

Sophocles:

classical myths and, 16

Oedipus myth enlarged by, 28

tragic view of, 161

see also Oedipus in Colonus; Oedipus Rex

sorge
, 134–135

space exploration, 298–300, 302