The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (85 page)

20
   roughed-up Dolores
Bruce Perry interviews with Cynthia Bell, Aug. 22, 1993, and Daneen Montoya

21
   fighting Chavez in court
Bud Antle vs. UFWOC
, Complaint for Injunction and Damages, Aug. 24, 1970, Superior Court of Monterey County files

22
   “we are being persecuted”
Chavez deposition, Nov. 23, 1970, ADMIN3, Box 70, Folder 3

23
   “essence of Christ’s teaching”
“Chavez asks lettuce boycott support,”
New York Times
, Nov. 30, 1970

24
   Inside Judge Campbell’s chambers
Transcript of court proceeding, Dec. 4, 1970, ADMIN3, Box 69

25
   booked him
Monterey County Sheriff booking sheet, OOP1, Box 5, Folder 1

26
   “Jail is a small price”
Levy tape, Dec. 5, 1970, JEL, Box 7, Folder 256

27
   “brown and black workers”
Levy tape, Dec. 1, 1970, JEL, Box 86, Tape 2

28
   Ethel Kennedy marched
Levy tape, Dec. 6, 1970, JEL, Box 86, Tape 4

29
   “with you till the end”
Petition, Calexico, Dec. 8, 1970, OOP1, Box 5, Folder 1

30
   Letters to Chavez
Ibid.

31
   “hearing aid battery”
George Nelson to Chavez, Dec. 8, 1970, courtesy of Bill Carder

32
   “my husband had great admiration”
Levy tape, Dec. 19, 1970, JEL, Box 86, Tape 5

33
   Helen wrote Cesar
Letters in UFW archives, Wayne State, accessed at http://chavez.cde.ca.gov/researchcenter

34
   “My spirit was never in jail”
“State Court Lets Chavez Out of Jail,”
Salinas Californian
, Dec. 24, 1970

Chapter 20

Sources: Hartmire papers; Levy tapes; author interviews with Cohen, Hartmire, Murguia, and Smith.

1
   averaged seventy visits
Tape of conference NYC, Nov. 19, 1971, UFWA

2
   he questioned Lewis
Lewis interview, http://www.jayvigon.com/portfo lio/DesignStudio-Videos-Chavez-LaPaz.html

3
   bought the parcel
Deed, Kern County Recorder’s Office

4
   named the complex with care
Chavez, JEL, Box 2, Folder 141

5
   lists of items
Minutes of NFWM meeting, May 2–4, 1971, Hartmire papers

6
   Chavez had big plans
Hartmire notes, Hartmire papers

7
   “we call that education”
Tape of Chavez with students at La Paz, Jan. 1973, UFWA

8
   “If the workers are not liberated”
Tape of conference, La Paz, Dec. 2, 1971, UFWA

9
   “the important qualities”
Tape with students, Jan. 1973

10
   “national union of the poor”
Transcript of meeting, Jun. 5, 1970, Hartmire papers

11
   “When people sacrifice”
Chavez remarks, “On Money and Organizing,” Oct. 4, 1971, Hartmire papers

12
   “very difficult question”
Ibid.

13
   “The moment we stop sacrificing”
Ibid.

14
   “at heart an experimenter”
Tape of Chavez with students, n.d., UFWA

15
   “Power also comes out of credit”
Chavez, Jun. 24, 1970, JEL, Box 2, Folder 143

16
   restart
El Malcriado
Levy tape of meeting Sep. 17, 1971, La Paz, JEL, Tape 10

17
   “The whole game”
Tape of Dec. 73 NEB meeting, UFWA

18
   $90,000 loan
Tape of conference, Dec. 2, 1971

19
   “it may seem artificial”
Dunbar to Chavez, Aug. 6, 1969, Field Foundation, Box 2T143

20
   Chavez assured Dunbar
Chavez to Dunbar, Aug. 28, 1969, Field Foundation, Box 2T143

21
   “a lot of problems”
Tape of Chavez with students, Feb. 10, 1978, UFWA

22
   “a mystic bit”
Kircher interview, Oct. 19, 1973, TAY, Box 9, Folder 16

23
   “slight bit of trauma”
Moyer to Drake, Mar. 22, 1971, OOP1, Box 47, Folder 25

24
   an assassination plot
Account drawn from extensive files on the Shears case in UFW archives, including Cohen memos, copies of affidavits by ATF officials in ADMIN3, Box 32, Folder 5; Levy notes, JEL Tape 119; and FBI files

25
   “Cesar objected to paying”
Cohen to file, Feb. 3, 1972, ADMIN3, Box 32, Folder 5

26
   patrolled the perimeter
Interview with Dave Smith

27
   “On her birthday”
Chavez to Anna Puharich, Jan. 29, 1971, OOP2, Box 48

28
   “eat honey”
Jan. 13, 1974, TAY, Box 9, Folder 1

29
   “built sort of a community”
Tape with students, La Paz, Jan. 1973, UFWA

Chapter 21

Sources: Levy daily journals of negotiations; Mahony reports to bishops’ committee; author interviews with Chatfield, Cohen, Eggers, Gutierrez, Hartmire, Moses, Rutkowski, and Washburn.

1
   no evidence
Interview with Gutierrez

2
   “show our love”
Tape of rally, May 12, 1972, UFWA

3
   “pretty stubborn guy”
Associated Press story, May 28, 1972

4
   Chavez told Hartmire
Hartmire notes, Hartmire papers

5
   “they have caught the fire”
Hartmire to boycotters, May 19, 1972, Hartmire papers

6
   “brings tears to my eyes”
Levy tape, Jun. 4, 1972, JEL, Box 86, Tape 14

7
   “He went to Delano”
Ibid.

8
   prevailed on a 14-5 vote
Minutes of NFWM meeting, May 2–4, 1971, Hartmire papers

9
   “a miserable performance”
Higgins to John Cosgrove, Jan. 15, 1971, in AALA, Folder 1971

10
   “The myth is shattered”
Taylor interview, Apr. 3, 1971, TAY, Box 8, Folder 13

11
   “it’s been my life”
Transcript of Chavez talk, Jan. 3, 1970, UFW Archives, accessed at http://chavez.cde.ca.gov/researchcenter

12
   Thirteen labor bills
Mahony to bishops’ committee, Jun. 4 and Jul. 20, 1972, AALA Folder 1972

13
   “There’s no limit”
Tape of conference, La Paz, Dec. 2, 1971, UFWA

14
   “pretty realistic view”
Cohen, Nov. 1971, JEL, Box 4, Folder 165

15
    “at a crossroads”
Cohen journal, Cohen papers, Box 1, Folder 5

16
   Cohen looked for plaintiffs
Levy notes, Jun. 11, 1971, JEL, Box 3, Folder 160

17
   the bulletin board clause
Tape of conference, Dec. 2, 1971

18
   “guy named Nixon”
Ibid.

19
   “we’re in trouble”
Transcript of conference, Aug. 5–6, 1972, CENT, Box 4, Folder 51

20
   “you know he’s special”
“The Anglo Army Behind Cesar Chavez,”
Los Angeles Times
, Apr. 6, 1972

21
   “Cesar spoke very softly”
Chatfield,
Cesar 1968
, courtesy of Bruce Perry

22
   “a guy who starts juggling”
Tape of conference, NYC, Nov. 19, 1971, UFWA

Chapter 22

Sources: Levy files and tapes; Mahony files in Farm Labor Collection; Cohen papers; author interviews with Bricca, Cohen, Medina, and Marguleas.

1
   “the most terrible two weeks”
Quotes and description of Richard Chavez’s experience come from Jun. 14, 1974, interview by Levy, JEL, Box 4, Folder 173 unless otherwise indicated

2
   “a gentle intimidator”
Cohen diary, Sep. 10, 1970, Cohen papers, Box 1, Folder 5

3
   “we were in a bind”
Tape of conference, La Paz, Dec. 2, 1971, UFWA

4
   “a step above”
Ibid.

5
   “We never educated them”
Tape of conference, NYC, Nov. 19, 1971, UFWA

6
   “we must not be afraid”
Minutes of Sep. 19, 1970, meeting, INFO, Box 51, Folder 59

7
   “they react against the union”
Tape of conference, Dec. 2, 1971

8
   “the vegetable people began to make us understand”
Ibid.

9
   “increasing animosity towards the UFWOC”
Mahony to Chavez, Nov. 15, 1971, AALA, Folder 1971

10
   “I have your letter”
Chavez to Mahony, Nov. 27, 1971, OOP1, Box 47, Folder 9

11
   long lists of complaints
Mahony to Ad-Hoc Farm Labor Committee, Jun. 4, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

12
   Chavez responded
Chavez to Mahony, Jun. 14, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

13
   “Something has to be done”
Mahony to Kircher, Jul. 3, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972,

14
   “Why is there such hostility”
D’Arrigo to Richard Chavez, Jun. 14, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

15
   “unreasonable, capricious, and hostile”
Larson to Chavez, Apr. 24, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

16
   “destroying all the good work”
Steinberg to Chavez, Mahony, May 16, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

17
   “never been so disgusted”
Marguleas, Jun. 7, 1972, JEL, Box 42, Folder 811

18
   he had no crews
Roberts, Marguleas telegrams to Mahony, Oct. 3, 1972, AALA, Folder 1972

19
   “According to the report”
Tape of conference, Dec. 2, 1971

20
   “let me know if you’re quitting”
Chavez to Huerta, Dec. 15, 1972, ADMIN, Box 11, Folder 5

21
   “the decision had been made”
Mahony to bishops’ committee, Feb. 5, 1973, report, AALA, Folder 1973

22
   “it’s going to be a great miracle”
Chavez with students, Jan. 1973, La Paz, UFWA

23
   “we’ll come beat their brains out”
Chavez memos, ADMIN, Box 11, Folder 18

24
   they met on April 5
Transcript of meeting, ADMIN3, Box 28, Folder 56

25
   only passages that Cesar censored
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB, UFWA

Chapter 23

Sources: Documents and audiotapes, UFW archives;
Fighting for Our Lives
; Levy daily journal and tapes; Farm Labor Collection; FBI Files; Byrd papers; author interviews with Byrd, Carder, Cohen, Dalzell, Hartmire, Moyer, and Nathan.

1
   “we have the villain”
Chavez, Mar. 17, 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 169

2
   “justice for farmworkers”
Fighting for Our Lives

3
   bulges under their jackets
Lt. Yoksimer to Deputy Sheriff Cois Byrd, Apr. 12, 1973, Byrd papers

4
   overtime bill
Records of Riverside sheriff department, Byrd papers

5
   “You rotten bum!”
Fighting for Our Lives

6
   “We’ve got this great villain”
Chavez, Mar. 17, 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 169

7
   “They had to pick on something”
Chavez, JEL, Box 4, Folder 168

8
    “a non-white union”
Interview with Gerard Sherry, NC News Service, Jun. 1973, AALA, Folder 1973

9
   “Things have really escalated”
Tapes of Jun. 25, 1973, in UFWA and JEL Tape 84

10
   “Organizing is a gamble”
“Interview with Cesar Chavez,” by John Moyer,
Impact
, Aug. 1971

11
   “Must gamble daily”
Cohen diary, Box 1, Folder 5 Vol. 2, Cohen papers

12
   “The crippling injunction is dissolved”
Cassette tape, n.d., UFWA