Read The Cost of Courage Online
Authors: Charles Kaiser
268
Hitler orders him to “stamp out”: Ibid., p. 36.
269
Right now they are determined: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 296.
270
“Paris food and medical requirements”: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 20.
271
For all of these reasons: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 296.
272
Their leaflet exhorts: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 259.
273
On the night of August 12:
http://dora-ellrich.fr/les-hommes-du-convoi-du-15-aout-1944/
.
274
Choltitz orders more than two thousand: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 258.
275
Half an hour after it leaves: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
276
“You won’t go any further”:
http://memoiredeguerre.pagespro-orange.fr/convoi44/derniers-convois.htm#Pantin
.
277
The chief German engineer promises: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 68–69.
278
Since allied bombers are continuing: Ibid., p. 68.
279
“Often it is given to a general”: Ibid., pp. 89–90.
280
“Why too soon?”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
pp. 636–37. 165 De Gaulle believes it is “intolerable”: Ibid., p. 640.
281
De Gaulle also suggests: Ibid., p. 637.
282
By now General Choltitz: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 210.
283
“The swastika was still flying”: quoted in Cobb,
Resistance,
pp. 260–61.
284
A CHACUN SON BOCHE
: Dallas,
1945,
p. 194.
285
“If the American Army”: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 178–79.
286
By the time Silbert climbs: Ibid., pp. 178–80.
287
Because they had begun: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 296.
288
Eisenhower also recognizes: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 181.
289
Nordling has already convinced: Dallas,
1945,
p. 177.
290
In his place, he sends: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 187–91.
291
“Have the French division hurry”: Ibid., p. 208.
292
If there was a strategy: Jackson,
France,
p. 566.
293
When the spectral outline: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 236–37.
294
At last, Free French troops are back: Ibid., p. 255.
295
Within minutes, every block is reverberating: Ibid., p. 257.
296
The Vichy government estimated: Ousby,
Occupation,
p. 237.
297
As Ian Ousby observes: Ibid., p. 238.
298
On the eve of his return: de Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
pp. 645–46.
299
“Gentlemen,” he tells his guests: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 258–59.
300
This is the German officer: Dallas,
1945,
p. 176.
301
he had begun to have nightmares: From Choltitz’s memoirs, quoted ibid., p. 176.
302
German snipers increase Allied casualties: Ousby,
Occupation,
p. 293.
303
“Why should we hide”
through
“Long live France!”:
www.emersonkent.com/speeches/paris_liberated.htm
.
304
“The Republic has never ceased”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
p. 650.
305
Two days earlier: Dallas,
1945,
p. 188.
306
The next day, de Gaulle defies: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 331.
307
The French general concedes: Ibid., p 333.
308
“Today we were to revive”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
p. 653.
309
De Gaulle thinks Parisians: Ibid.
310
“Since each of all of those”: Ibid.
311
“Everyone seemed happy and relieved”: Bulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
312
At midnight on August 26: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs
, p. 659.
313
“I was shocked”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
314
Christian leaves Paris
through
doesn’t want to alarm her: Ibid.
315
“Although letter writing”:
Bulletin de l’Association des anciens élèves de l’école polytechnique,
September 1947.
316
When she returns to Paris: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
317
Just as the Germans had partly ignored: Roberts,
Storm of War,
pp. 505–7.
318
the Germans have lost 120,000 men killed: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1095.
319
“The great difference”: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 509.
320
In Nuremberg, the sight of gigantic Nazi rallies: Video of the explosion at
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=2048
.
321
after twelve years, four months: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1139.
322
“I was deported”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
323
Somehow, everyone who survives with him:
Andre Boulloche,
p. 30.
324
“In this way he shared”: Ibid., p. 31.
325
“Survival was a constant act”: Ibid., p. 33.
326
At dawn on April 16
through
arrives to liberate the camp: Ibid., p. 32.
327
“Of course he was extremely thin”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.
328
“But, when he was finally standing there”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
329
“If I’d known that”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999. “I remember very well that my mother [Jacqueline] told me,” Katlama said. “I have no doubt about that memory at all.”
330
“My deportation to the camps”: Andre Boulloche F.R. 3 radio broadcast, November 23, 1976.
331
“André Boulloche had the longest service”: Postel-Vinay,
Un fou s’évade,
p. 128.
332
“Did your father André ever talk”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.
333
ten thousand Frenchmen were the victims: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.
334
“I went to Macy’s”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
335
Christiane thought New York: Ibid.
336
“Fear of the Gestapo”:
Washington Post,
April 23, 1946, p. 13.
337
“Why did my life have to be spared”: Collection of Agnès Boulloche.
338
“I’ve always done”: Mathilde Damoisel’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, April 7, 1997.
339
“It was when I was deported”: André Boulloche interview on Radio FR 3, November 20, 1976.
340
“We bourgeois learned some things”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
341
“I was very young”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976.
342
killed there in an ambush:
www.annales.org/archives/x/etienneaudibert.html
.
343
“You’ve never seen two sisters”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.
344
“It’s true. We were always scared”: Author’s interview with Robert Boulloche, March 21, 1999.
345
“camouflaged their unhappiness”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.
346
“it was clear that André was suffering”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.
347
“I remember there was a feeling of meditation”: Ibid.
348
“This was the Bolloches”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.
349
“It showed that you can do good”: Author’s interview with François Audibert, March 18, 1999.
350
“If one wants people to win”: Ophuls,
The Sorrow and the Pity,
pp. xiii–xiv.
351
But de Gaulle never literally said
through
outside of institutions: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.
352
André told her that if she “wanted to fight”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.
353
Ophuls told me that he thought de Gaulle: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
354
He chose Clermont-Ferrand: Elliot Wilhelm, “The Sorrow and the Pity,”
VideoHound’s World Cinema
(Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1999).
355
“There’s something unhealthy”: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
356
teachers from the lycée: Ophuls,
The Sorrow and the Pity,
p. 86.
357
“eating the national tissue”: “À la mémoire d’Andre Boulloche.”
358
“It was a period when there were terrorist attacks”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
359
In 1967, the Neuwirth Act:
www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/1336/publi_pdf2_pesa439.pdf
.
360
“As you can see”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
361
the Socialist Party had voted against participating:
New York Times,
January 12, 1959.
362
Odile rushed to London: Author’s interview with Odile Boulloche, March 20, 1999.
363
“He had a terrible violence”
through
“first and foremost, a
polytechnicien
”: Author’s interview with Jacques Boulloche, April 4, 2004.
364
the secret to his success:
Le Point,
January 9, 1978.
365
“Boulloche was certain that he was working for France”: Author’s interview with Raymond Forni, June 3, 2003.
366
most people expected Mitterrand: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003.
367
“secular monk”: Ibid.
368
“an infernal life”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976. 217 “Are you ever discouraged?”: Ibid.
369
“I think I can say without exaggeration”: Ibid.
370
Now he climbed into the copilot’s seat: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003. Investigators apparently determined this by examining the wreckage of the plane.
371
At the same moment: Ibid.
372
A moment later:
Le Monde,
March 19–20;
Le Figaro,
March 18–19, 1978.
373
“This is a very remarkable man”:
L’Est Républicain,
March 17, 1978.
374
Their bodies were found:
Le Monde,
March 19–20, 1978.
375
“And on top of everything else”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.
376
“Courage is more exhilarating”:
www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/abouteleanor/er-quotes/
.
377
The death of her sister: Author’s interview with Mathilde Damoisel, July 4, 2003.
378
“It was obvious”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.
379
“It was extremely painful”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
380
“She would read me what she had written”: Author’s interview with Catherine (Audibert) Dujardin, March 21, 1999.
381
news of Christiane’s book: Six years after she published it privately, Christiane’s book became part of the collection
Femmes dans la guerre, 1940–1945.
382
“We did not talk about the Resistance”: Author’s interview with Michel Katlama, March 14, 1999.
383
“Christiane said she had done”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.
384
“she had done her duty”: Author’s interview with Hélène Dujardin, March 24, 1999.
385
German-American Bund:
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005684
.
386
After the Nazis looted Jewish stores:
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005516
.
387
“an American reader who honestly recreates”: Paxton,
Vichy France,
p. xiv.
388
“If one hasn’t been through”:
The Sorrow and the Pity.
Ophuls told me, “I think that’s why I put it there. It seems sort of pretentious to use Anthony Eden as a spokesman for the author, but he is expressing my sentiments there. The other people, not necessarily. But he does. I do associate with that statement. I’m glad that it made an impression on you.” Author’s telephone interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
André Boulloche: 1915–1978.
Paris: C. Boulloche, 1979.
Andrew, Christopher.
Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5.
New York: Vintage Books, 2010.
Audibert, Etienne. “Notices sur nos morts, Jacques
BOULLOCHE
(1906).”
Bulletin de l’association des anciens élèves de l’école polytechnique,
no. 9, September 1947.
Boulloche-Audibert, Christiane.
Souvenirs 1939–1945.
Privately published, 1998. Reprinted in Christiane Audibert-Boulloche et al.,
Femmes dans la guerre, 1940–1945
(Paris: éditions du Félin, 2004).
British Intelligence file on André Boulloche, National Archives, formerly Public Record Office HS 9/190/6 114106. Declassified at the request of the author.