The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (974 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Heifer, Red
(animal used in Jewish ritual of purification)
:
(animal used in Jewish ritual of purification)
:
Heikan
(Jap., ‘closing the gate’). The Zen Buddhist ability to cultivate in
zazen
an awareness of one's surroundings without involvement in them.
zazen
an awareness of one's surroundings without involvement in them.
Heikhal
(Sephardi name for the Ark)
:
(Sephardi name for the Ark)
:
Heiler, Friedrich
(1892–1967).
Christian theologian and
phenomenologist
of religion. He was originally a Roman Catholic, but became a Lutheran under the influence of
Nathan Söderblom
. From 1922 until his retirement in 1960, he was professor of the comparative history of religions at Marburg. Pulled back in a more Catholic direction by the writings of von
Hügel
, he founded an evangelical order of Franciscan tertiaries. His major work was
Das Gebet
(1918; Prayer: A Study in the History and Psychology of Religion, 1932). In this he put into practice his understanding of phenomenology as a way to discovering common truths at the heart of different religions, beneath the surface. He saw the study of religion in this way as a path that could lead to reconciliation between religions. At the outset of
Erscheinungs-formen und Wesen der Religion
(1961), he summarized his understanding of the phenomenological method: it could not be ‘value-free’, since every science has its presuppositions; thus the historian of religion must be inductive, but the phenomenologist must be deductive, building on the foundations of history, philology, etc., working always with empathy.
Christian theologian and
phenomenologist
of religion. He was originally a Roman Catholic, but became a Lutheran under the influence of
Nathan Söderblom
. From 1922 until his retirement in 1960, he was professor of the comparative history of religions at Marburg. Pulled back in a more Catholic direction by the writings of von
Hügel
, he founded an evangelical order of Franciscan tertiaries. His major work was
Das Gebet
(1918; Prayer: A Study in the History and Psychology of Religion, 1932). In this he put into practice his understanding of phenomenology as a way to discovering common truths at the heart of different religions, beneath the surface. He saw the study of religion in this way as a path that could lead to reconciliation between religions. At the outset of
Erscheinungs-formen und Wesen der Religion
(1961), he summarized his understanding of the phenomenological method: it could not be ‘value-free’, since every science has its presuppositions; thus the historian of religion must be inductive, but the phenomenologist must be deductive, building on the foundations of history, philology, etc., working always with empathy.
Heilsgeschichte
(Germ., ‘salvation-history’). The attempt (made initially by Christians) to discern a unifying thread in human, and especially in biblical, history, that thread being the initiatives and actions of God in saving his people and the world.
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