The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (711 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Ecumenical Councils
:
:
Ecumenical patriarch
.
.
Title of the patriarch of
Constantinople
. In spite of its literal meaning, ‘universal patriarch’, he has only a primacy of honour over the other Orthodox patriarchs.
Constantinople
. In spite of its literal meaning, ‘universal patriarch’, he has only a primacy of honour over the other Orthodox patriarchs.
Ecumenism
or ecumenicism
or ecumenicism
(Gk.,
oikumene
, ‘the inhabited world’). The Christian quest for recovered unity among the many different Churches of Christendom. The Ecumenical
Councils
are claimed to represent the mind of the whole Church and thus to have distinct authority. The beginning of the modern ecumenical movement is usually traced to the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, when many (but no Roman Catholic) missionary societies met, at the end of a century of immense but competitive expansion, to explore the nature of mission and the ways to overcome debilitating divisions. The World Council of Churches, a direct descendant, was formed in 1948. This preoccupation with internal Christian affairs began to seem to some parochial, who called for a ‘wider ecumenism’, one which would explore the relations between religions. Spiritual ecumenism seeks to gather and share the spirituality of separated parts of the Church, or of religions. See Index, Ecumenicism.
oikumene
, ‘the inhabited world’). The Christian quest for recovered unity among the many different Churches of Christendom. The Ecumenical
Councils
are claimed to represent the mind of the whole Church and thus to have distinct authority. The beginning of the modern ecumenical movement is usually traced to the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, when many (but no Roman Catholic) missionary societies met, at the end of a century of immense but competitive expansion, to explore the nature of mission and the ways to overcome debilitating divisions. The World Council of Churches, a direct descendant, was formed in 1948. This preoccupation with internal Christian affairs began to seem to some parochial, who called for a ‘wider ecumenism’, one which would explore the relations between religions. Spiritual ecumenism seeks to gather and share the spirituality of separated parts of the Church, or of religions. See Index, Ecumenicism.
Eddy, Mary Baker
(1821–1910).
Founder of the
Christian Science
Movement. In 1875, she published
Science and Health
…, and in 1879, she founded the Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston. The movement eventually (1891) became the First Church of Christ, Scientist. She started the publication of
The Christian Science Monitor
in 1908.
Founder of the
Christian Science
Movement. In 1875, she published
Science and Health
…, and in 1879, she founded the Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston. The movement eventually (1891) became the First Church of Christ, Scientist. She started the publication of
The Christian Science Monitor
in 1908.
Edels, Samuel Eliezer ben Judah Halevi
(known as Maharsha
,
(known as Maharsha
,
1555–1631).
Talmudic commentator. He lived successively in Posen, Lublin, and Ostrog, and was the founder of a large
yeshivah
. The author of
Hiddushei Halakhot
(Tracts on the Commandments), he was held in high esteem. The
Hiddushei
is one of the classics of Jewish literature and is printed in most editions of the Talmud. A further work,
Hiddushei Aggadot
, gives rationalizing exegesis of aggadot, often explaining otherwise improbable claims as
parables
.
Talmudic commentator. He lived successively in Posen, Lublin, and Ostrog, and was the founder of a large
yeshivah
. The author of
Hiddushei Halakhot
(Tracts on the Commandments), he was held in high esteem. The
Hiddushei
is one of the classics of Jewish literature and is printed in most editions of the Talmud. A further work,
Hiddushei Aggadot
, gives rationalizing exegesis of aggadot, often explaining otherwise improbable claims as
parables
.
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