The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2767 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Zindiq
(Pers.,
zand
, ‘free thinking’). A heretic, in Islamic law, whose teaching endangers the community. The penalty for public expression may be in this life death, and certainly in the next, damnation. Initially it appears to have referred to
dualists
, e.g. the
Manichaeans
.
zand
, ‘free thinking’). A heretic, in Islamic law, whose teaching endangers the community. The penalty for public expression may be in this life death, and certainly in the next, damnation. Initially it appears to have referred to
dualists
, e.g. the
Manichaeans
.
Zinzendorf, Count
(supporter of Moravians):
(supporter of Moravians):
Zion
.
.
A hill in the city of
Jerusalem
. The term Zion can refer to the city of Jerusalem, to the whole of Judea or just to the
Temple
mount. By the 1st cent. CE, Mount Zion included the Upper City which was surrounded by a wall.
Jerusalem
. The term Zion can refer to the city of Jerusalem, to the whole of Judea or just to the
Temple
mount. By the 1st cent. CE, Mount Zion included the Upper City which was surrounded by a wall.
Zion Christian Church
.
.
The largest independent church in S. Africa. It was founded by Enginasi Lekganyane (d.
c.
1948), a Pedi who had been influenced by a mission from J. A. Dowie's Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion in Illinois; he separated from Eduard of Basutoland's Zion Apostolic Faith Mission in 1925 to form his own church in the Transvaal. Enginasi was succeeded briefly by one son and at his death by another, Eduard (1922–67), a progressive leader who in the 1960s attended the Dutch Reformed Church seminary at Turfloop near Zion City; his son, aged 13, became head in 1967, under a council.
c.
1948), a Pedi who had been influenced by a mission from J. A. Dowie's Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion in Illinois; he separated from Eduard of Basutoland's Zion Apostolic Faith Mission in 1925 to form his own church in the Transvaal. Enginasi was succeeded briefly by one son and at his death by another, Eduard (1922–67), a progressive leader who in the 1960s attended the Dutch Reformed Church seminary at Turfloop near Zion City; his son, aged 13, became head in 1967, under a council.
Zionism
.
.
International, political, and ideological movement dedicated to restoring
Erez Israel
to the Jewish people. The desire to return to the land of
Israel
has been preserved in the
liturgy
and folk consciousness of the Jews of the
diaspora
since the time of the destruction of the Temple in
Jerusalem
in 70 CE. Modern political Zionism was first conceived by Theodor
Herzl
, and the movement was launched at the First Zionist Congress of 1897. Its stated aim was ‘to establish a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public law’. Early Zionism was not supported wholeheartedly by the Jewish community. Many of the
Orthodox
believed that the return to Zion would only be effected by divine intervention, and that it was wrong for human beings to anticipate divine providence. At the other extreme, members of the
Progressive
movements were anxious to play down the ethnic and nationalistic aspirations of Judaism and were convinced of their successful future in the countries of the
diaspora
. Today, Zionist activities are organized under the auspices of the World Zionist Organization which embraces all the various unions, federations, and associations.
Erez Israel
to the Jewish people. The desire to return to the land of
Israel
has been preserved in the
liturgy
and folk consciousness of the Jews of the
diaspora
since the time of the destruction of the Temple in
Jerusalem
in 70 CE. Modern political Zionism was first conceived by Theodor
Herzl
, and the movement was launched at the First Zionist Congress of 1897. Its stated aim was ‘to establish a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public law’. Early Zionism was not supported wholeheartedly by the Jewish community. Many of the
Orthodox
believed that the return to Zion would only be effected by divine intervention, and that it was wrong for human beings to anticipate divine providence. At the other extreme, members of the
Progressive
movements were anxious to play down the ethnic and nationalistic aspirations of Judaism and were convinced of their successful future in the countries of the
diaspora
. Today, Zionist activities are organized under the auspices of the World Zionist Organization which embraces all the various unions, federations, and associations.
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