Yamamoto Gemp
(1866–1961)
. Prominent Zen Buddhist of his time, sometimes called ‘the 20th-cent.
Hakuin
’. A foundling, with poor eyesight, he was virtually illiterate. He abandoned his wife and home to seek Zen training, receiving the seal of recognition (inka-sh
mei) from S
han. He specialized in the way of writing (
sh
d
: see
ART (CH'AN/ZEN)
), and the Zen of indifference—remaining fond of wine and women.
Yama no Kami
(mountain deities):
Yamaoka Tesshu
(1836–88)
. Zen layman who became the major exponent of the way of the sword (
kend
). He was also an outstanding calligrapher and painter.
Yamazaki Ansai
(1618–82)
. A leading Japanese advocate of
Shushigaku
during the Tokugawa (1600–1868) period. His school stressed
Chu
Hsi's moral and ethical teachings, with an emphasis on memorization and moral rigour. Eager to reconcile
neo-Confucian
metaphysics with
Shinto
theology, Yamazaki Ansai also formulated his own school of Shinto called Suika Shint
; in the end, Shinto is in control.