The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2067 page)

aivism spread throughout India: Trika in Kashmir,
aiva Siddh
nta in the Tamil-speaking south, V
ra
aiva in the Kannada-speaking south, and P
upata in Gujarat. Today
aivism is especially prevalent in Madras State.
aiva ascetics are distinguished by their long matted hair, sometimes piled on top of their heads, three horizontal marks smeared on the forehead, the trident which they carry, and the ashes in which they are often covered.
aiva temples and pilgrimage sites are found throughout India from the Amarn
th cave in Kashmir where there is an ice li
ga, to the Vi
van
th temple at V