The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1907 page)

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Authors: John Bowker

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).
Qaww
li
(Indian S
f
singers):
Qaynuqa
.
An ancient Jewish tribe of the city of
Mad
na
. The Banu Qaynuqa (a tribe of metal-workers) was the first Jewish group to be persecuted by Mu
ammad.
Qedushah
(holiness):
Qibla
.
Direction of
Mecca
, more specifically the
Ka‘ba
, towards which each Muslim must turn in order to perform the
al
t
validly. In a
mosque
, the qibla is marked by the
mi
r
b
.
The word ‘qibla’ is then also used more loosely for a fixed direction of prayer in any religion.

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