The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1462 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Malabar Christians
.
.
The Christians of the state of Kerala on the Malabar (SW) coast of India. They number over 2 million, now divided into several communities (see
SYRIAN CHURCHES
). They are known as ‘Thomas Christians’ from their claim—taken seriously by some W. scholars too—that their ancestors were evangelized by St
Thomas
. In any case, by the 6th cent. there was a Church in the region using Syriac in its liturgy and dependent for bishops on the (
Nestorian
) catholikos of Baghdad. After heavy-handed missionary work by the Portuguese, the Church was formally purged of Nestorianism, brought under Roman obedience, and thoroughly Latinized at the synod of Diamper (Udayamperur, near Cochin) in 1599. Latin government of the Church continued as a source of tension down to the 20th cent. There was a defection of a large body eventually to the Syrian Orthodox in the 17th cent.; this schism gave rise to another in the 19th cent. with the creation of the
Mar Thoma Church
. The Catholics are now styled the ‘Syro-Malabar Church’, having been granted their own metropolitanate of Ernakulam with Indian bishops in 1923.
SYRIAN CHURCHES
). They are known as ‘Thomas Christians’ from their claim—taken seriously by some W. scholars too—that their ancestors were evangelized by St
Thomas
. In any case, by the 6th cent. there was a Church in the region using Syriac in its liturgy and dependent for bishops on the (
Nestorian
) catholikos of Baghdad. After heavy-handed missionary work by the Portuguese, the Church was formally purged of Nestorianism, brought under Roman obedience, and thoroughly Latinized at the synod of Diamper (Udayamperur, near Cochin) in 1599. Latin government of the Church continued as a source of tension down to the 20th cent. There was a defection of a large body eventually to the Syrian Orthodox in the 17th cent.; this schism gave rise to another in the 19th cent. with the creation of the
Mar Thoma Church
. The Catholics are now styled the ‘Syro-Malabar Church’, having been granted their own metropolitanate of Ernakulam with Indian bishops in 1923.
Malabar rites
.
.
The customs and rites adopted from Hindu customs by
de Nobili
in India, to enable converts to Christianity not to feel estranged from their culture.
de Nobili
in India, to enable converts to Christianity not to feel estranged from their culture.
Malachi, Book of
.
.
Last of the books of the Jewish
minor prophets
. Malachi is of anonymous authorship, but was probably written early in the post-exilic period.
minor prophets
. Malachi is of anonymous authorship, but was probably written early in the post-exilic period.
Mal
idah
(heresy in Islam):
idah(heresy in Islam):
Malak/mal
'ika
(‘messengers with wings’ in Islam):
'ika(‘messengers with wings’ in Islam):
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