The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1301 page)

Kitawala
.

A widespread movement in Central Africa, especially 1908–30, based originally on contacts in S. Africa with
Jehovah's Witnesses
, then known as the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (hence
ki-tawala
, an Africanization of ‘tower’). Elliot Kamwana Chirwa (1872–1956) brought the teachings to his native Malawi in 1908. His strong
millenarian
and anti-colonial overtones soon led to his arrest and deportation. His followers took the movement to Zambia, where it was especially strong in the 1920s. The movement spread also into Zaïre and southern Tanzania.

 
Back
  -  
 
New Search

(Yid., ‘gown’). White garment worn by some
Ashkenazi
Jews for special services. White symbolizes purity, and at one time the kit(t)el was worn every
Sabbath
.

 
Back
  -  
 
New Search

Kiyomizu
(temple)
:

see
KY
TO
.

 
Back
  -  
 
New Search

(Skt., ‘pain’, ‘affliction’). In
Yoga
philosophy, the five causes of human affliction.
Patañjali's
Yoga-s
tra
(ii. 3) enumerates the kle
as as:

(i) 
avidy
, ‘ignorance’,
(ii) 
asmit
, ‘egoism’,
(iii) 
r
ga
, ‘attachment’,
(iv) 
dve
a
, ‘aversion’, and
(v) 
abhinive
a
, ‘the fear of death’. These causes of human suffering are all rooted in the first kle
a, ignorance, which is defined (iii. 5) as ‘seeing the impermanent as permanent, the impure as pure, the painful as joyful, and the not-Self as the Self’

.
For the Buddhist equivalent, see
KILESA
.