The Children of Henry VIII (31 page)

Manuscripts preserved at NA are quoted by the call number there in use. The descriptions of the classes referred to are as follows:

In giving dates, the Old Style has been retained, but the year is assumed to have begun on 1 January, and not on Lady Day, the feast of the Annunciation (i.e. 25 March), which was by custom the first day of the calendar year in France, Spain and Italy until 1582, in Scotland until 1600, and in England, Wales and Ireland until 1752.

The spelling and orthography of primary sources in quotations are normally given in modernized form. Modern punctuation and capitalization are provided where there is none in the original manuscript.

In translations of Latin writings, I have occasionally substituted my own translation where this better matches the sense of the original, avoids an anachronism or is more colloquial.

1
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who first jousted publicly as a 17-year-old at the tournament to celebrate Arthur’s marriage and waited on him the morning after the wedding, testified in 1529 that one of the prince’s body servants informed him that Arthur, ‘after he had lain with the said Lady Katherine at Shrovetide [8 February 1502] … began to decay and was never so lusty in his body and courage from that time unto his death.’ BL, Cotton MS Appendix XXVII, fo. 71;
LP
, IV, iii, no. 5774 (13). The identity of the witness is established by Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury,
The Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth
(London, 1649), p. 243. Herbert had seen the original manuscript before the disastrous fire at Ashburnham House, Westminster, in 1731 that destroyed or severely damaged a quarter of the manuscripts.

2
The Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne
, ed. G. Kipling,
Early English Text Society
, New Series, 296 (1990), pp. 78–9.

3
T. Vicary,
The English Man’s Treasure: with the True Anatomie of Man’s Bodie
(London, 1596), pp. 80–2.

4
Both F. Hepburn and T. Penn opt for the ‘sweating sickness’, but neither cites any evidence that the disease had returned in 1502. Hepburn states mistakenly that the ‘sweat’ was a form of plague. See F. Hepburn, ‘Arthur, Prince of Wales and his Training for Kingship’,
The Historian
, 55 (1997), p. 4; T. Penn,
Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England
(London, 2011), p. 70.

5
A. Dyer, ‘The English Sweating Sickness of 1551: An Epidemic Anatomized’,
Medical History
, 41 (1997), pp. 362–84; G. Thwaites, M. Taviner and V. Gant, ‘The English Sweating Sickness, 1485–1551’,
New England Journal of Medicine
, 336 (1997), pp. 580–2; M. Taviner, G. Thwaites and V. Gant, ‘The English Sweating Sickness, 1485–1551: A Viral Pulmonary
Disease?’,
Medical History
, 42 (1998), pp. 96–8; J. L. Flood, ‘“Safer on the Battlefield than in the City”: England, the “Sweating Sickness”, and the Continent’,
Renaissance Studies
, 17 (2003), pp. 147–76; E. Bridson, ‘The English “sweate” (
Sudor Anglicus
) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome’,
British Journal of Biomedical Science
, 58 (2001), pp. 1–6. Contemporary descriptions of the disease are found in
STC
nos. 783, 4343, 12766.7;
Chronicles of London
, ed. C. L. Kingsford (Oxford, 1905), p. 193.

6
A. S. MacNalty, ‘Sir Thomas More as Public Health Reformer’, in
Essential Articles for the Study of Thomas More,
ed. R. S. Sylvester and G. P. Marc’hadour (Hamden, Conn., 1977), p. 128. See also H. Tidy, ‘Sweating Sickness and Picardy Sweat’,
British Medical Journal
(July 1945, issue 4410), pp. 63–4; L. Roberts, ‘Sweating Sickness and Picardy Sweat’,
British Medical Journal
(August 1945, issue 4414), p. 196. Although these appear to be MacNalty’s sources, neither mentions either 1502 or an outbreak of the ‘sweating sickness’ in the West Country.

7
W. D. Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester,
Court and Society from Elizabeth to Anne
, 2 vols (London, 1864), I, pp. 58–61; F. Hepburn, ‘The Portraiture of Arthur and Katherine’, in
Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales: Life, Death and Commemoration
, ed. S. Gunn and L. Monckton (Woodbridge, 2009), p. 39.

8
J. Fox,
Sister Queens: Katherine of Aragon and Juana of Castile
(London, 2011), pp. 86–7; K. Brandi,
The Emperor Charles V
(London, 1965), p. 488.

9
D. Starkey,
Six Wives: the Queens of Henry VIII
(London, 2004), pp. 76–7.

10
CSPSp
, I, no. 327; Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester,
Court and Society from Elizabeth to Anne
, I, p. 67.

11
Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne
, p. 80; D. Starkey,
Henry, Virtuous Prince
(London, 2008), pp. 164–5.

12
Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne
, p. 80.

13
Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne
, pp. 80–1.

14
PPE Elizabeth
, pp. 79–80, 85, 95.

15
PPE Elizabeth
, p. 82;
HO
, p. 125; Starkey,
Henry, Virtuous Prince
, p. 168.

16
The Great Chronicle of London
, ed. A. H. Thomas and I. D. Thornley (Gloucester, 1983), p. 321.

17
Materials for the History of the Reign of Henry VII
, ed. W. Campbell, 2 vols (London, 1873–7), II, p. 65.

18
PPE Elizabeth
, pp. 96–7.

19
Great Chronicle
, ed. Thomas and Thornley, p. 321.

20
PPE Elizabeth
, p. 94; Starkey,
Henry, Virtuous Prince
, p. 168.

21
Starkey,
Henry, Virtuous Prince
, pp. 184–256;
Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales
, ed. Gunn and Monckton, pp. 4–5.

22
Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
, ed. J. Gairdner, 2 vols (London, 1861–3), I, p. 233; S. Cunningham, ‘Loyalty and the Usurper: Recognizances, the Council and Allegiance under Henry VII’,
Historical Research
, 82 (2009), pp. 459–81; C. J. Harrison, ‘The Petition of Edmund Dudley’,
EHR
, 87 (1972), pp. 82–99.

23
S. J. Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’,
Historical Research
, 64 (1991), p. 280.

24
Great Chronicle
, ed. Thomas and Thornley, pp. 331–2.

25
Letters and Papers … Richard III and Henry VII
, ed. Gairdner, I, pp. 233, 238.

26
CSPSp
, I, no. 511; Penn,
Winter King
, p. 112.

27
Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’, pp. 278–88.

28
C. S. L. Davies, ‘Tudor: What’s in a Name?’,
History
, 97 (2012), pp. 24–7; H. Pierce,
Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473–1541: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership
(Cardiff, 2003), p. 10.

29
Starkey,
Virtuous Prince
, pp. 189–92.

30
Gunn, ‘Accession of Henry VIII’, p. 283; G. Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
(London, 1942), pp. 93–5; Starkey,
Virtuous Prince
, pp. 278–81.

31
Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterodami
, ed. P. S. Allen, 12 vols (Oxford, 1906–58), I, no. 215.

32
Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More
, ed. L. L. Martz, R. S. Sylvester, C. H. Miller et al., 15 vols (New Haven, 1963–97), III, ii, pp. 100–12 (my translation).

1
Hall, I, pp. 21–2.

2
HO
, pp. 126–7;
LP
, I, i, no. 670.

3
HO
, pp. 120–1.

4
Hall, I, p. 22.

5
G. Puttenham,
The Arte of English Poesie
(London, 1589), p. 246.

6
M. Hayward,
Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
(London, 2007), p. 6.

7
Hall, I, pp. 22–7;
LP
, I, i, no. 671.

8
Great Chronicle
, ed. Thomas and Thornley, pp. 374–5.

9
Hall, I, p. 27.

10
LC 2/1, fos. 159–73 (
LP
, I, i, no. 707).

11
CSPSp, Supp
, no. 7 (p. 34).

12
A. Boorde,
The Breuiary of helthe for all maner of syckenesses and diseases the whiche may be in man, or woman
(London, 1547), fos. 9, 36v–7v, 128.

13
C. B. Whiteley and K. Kramer, ‘A New Explanation for the Reproductive Woes and Midlife Crisis of Henry VIII’,
HJ
, 53 (2010), pp. 827–48.

14
Leland, IV, pp. 179–84;
HO
, p. 127.

15
Starkey,
Henry, Virtuous Prince
, pp. 68, 71, 331–2.

16
LP
, II, ii, no. 3802.

17
CSPSp, Supp
, nos. 7–9 (pp. 34–44);
LP
, I, i, no. 474; Murphy, pp. 7–8; Samman PhD, p. 175.

18
LP
, VI, nos. 923–4; S. Thurley,
The Royal Palaces of Tudor England
(New Haven and London, 1993), p. 140; G. W. Bernard, ‘The Rise of Sir William Compton, Early Tudor Courtier’,
EHR
, 96 (1981), p. 757.

19
Hall, I, p. 143.

20
E 36/215, fo. 225 (
LP
, II, ii, p. 1471). Murphy, pp. 19–20; Samman PhD, p. 148.

21
Hall, I, p. 143; Murphy, pp. 9–18; Samman PhD, p. 147.

22
LP
, II, ii, nos. 4135–7, 4227, 4396, 4398, 4436.

23
Rawdon Brown, II, pp. 224–5; Hall, I, pp. 170–1; Murphy, pp. 21–4.

24
Murphy, pp. 24–5.

25
OBS 1419.

26
Murphy, pp. 25–6.

27
Murphy, pp. 27–35.

28
SR
III, pp. 280–1.

29
Davies, ‘Tudor: What’s in a Name?’, p. 25.

30
J. Guy,
A Daughter’s Love: Thomas and Margaret More
(London, 2008), pp. 257–8.

31
PPE Mary
, pp. xxii–xxiii.

32
D. M. Loades,
Mary Tudor: A Life
(Oxford, 1989), p. 29.

33
ODNB
, s.v. ‘Bryan, Sir Francis’.

34
BL, Cotton MS Otho C. X, fo. 234, printed in Ellis, II, ii, pp. 78–83 (quotation from p. 79); Murphy, p. 30.

35
Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 167–8.

36
Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 168–9.

37
PPE Mary
, p. xxii.

38
LP
, III, i, nos. 895–6; Ellis, I, i, p. 175; Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 169–71.

39
PPE Mary
, pp. xx–xxiv;
LP
, II, ii, no. 3429 and p. 1473;
LP
, III, i, no. 970;
LP, Add.
, I, i, no. 259; Starkey,
Six Wives
, pp. 168–9; Loades,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 28–31.

40
LP
, III, i, no. 895.

41
LP
, III, ii, no. 2585 (1);
PPE Mary
, pp. xxv–xxvi.

42
CSPV
, III, no. 167; Starkey,
Six Wives
, p. 171.

43
OBS 1419.

44
KB 9/53; KB 8/5; BL, Harleian MS 283, fo. 72;
LP
, III, i, nos. 1284 (1–5), 1285 (pp. 495–505), 1356;
CSPV
, III, no. 213; Hall, I, pp. 221–6.

45
LP
, III, i, p. 498. The sum may have been a loan later partially repaid, see
LP
, III, i, p. 501, but is still remarkable.

46
Lord Stafford’s grandmother was a sister of Elizabeth Woodville, Edward IV’s queen. Ursula Pole’s grandfather was Edward IV’s brother.

47
LP
, VIII, no. 263 (p. 101).

1
LP
, III, ii, no. 3375 (5).

2
State Papers
, I, pp. 19–20;
LP
, III, ii, nos. 1437, 1439.

3
LP
, III, ii, no. 1673.

4
LP
, III, ii, no. 1669.

5
Hall, I, p. 234.

6
PPE Mary
, pp. xxvi–xxix;
LP
, III, ii, no. 2585 (2–3).

7
PPE Mary
, p. xxix.

8
Since no servant was rewarded for delivering Katherine’s New Year’s gift this year, it follows that it must have been delivered in person. See
PPE Mary
, p. xxix;
LP
, III, ii, no. 2585 (2); Starkey,
Six Wives
, p. 173.

9
PPE Mary
, p. xxix.

10
LP
, III, ii, no. 3375 (4).