The Big Ratchet: How Humanity Thrives in the Face of Natural Crisis (41 page)

BOOK: The Big Ratchet: How Humanity Thrives in the Face of Natural Crisis
13.4Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

United Nations. 1980.
Patterns of Urban and Rural Population Growth
. United Nations, New York.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1874.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1873
. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.

———. 2009.
Trends in U.S. Agriculture: A Walk Through the Past and a Step into the New Millennium
. National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.

Wallace, H., and W. Brown. 1988.
Corn and Its Early Fathers
, rev. ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames.

Weiling, F. 1991. Historical study: Johan Gregor Mendel, 1822–1884.
American Journal of Medical Genetics
40:1–25.

Zirkle, C. 1951. Gregor Mendel and his precursors.
Isis
42:97–104.

Chapter 8: Competition for the Bounty

Abate, T., A. van Huis, and J. Ampofo. 2000. Pest management strategies in traditional agriculture: An African perspective.
Annual Reviews of Entomology
45:631–659.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2002.
Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD
. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA.

Allen, R. J. 1958. Wildlife losses in southern fire ant program. Pages 144–147 in S. Robbins, ed.,
The Passenger Pigeon
. Wisconsin Society for Ornithology, Fox Point, WI.

Andrews, J. 1948. What’s happening to malaria in the U.S.A.?
American Journal of Public Health
38:931–942.

Andrews, J., G. Quinby, and A. Langmuir. 1950. Malaria eradication in the United States.
American Journal of Public Health
40:1405–1411.

Buhs, J. 2002. The fire ant wars: Nature and science in the pesticide controversies of the late twentieth century.
Isis
93:377–400.

———. 2004.
The Fire Ant Wars: Nature, Science, and Public Policy in Twentieth-Century America
. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Carson, R. 1962.
Silent Spring
. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

Carvalho, F. 2006. Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety.
Environmental Science and Policy
9:685–692.

Casals-Casas, C., and B. Desvergne. 2011. Endocrine disruptors: From endocrine to metabolic disruption.
Annual Reviews of Physiology
73:135–162.

Casida, J., and G. Quistad. 1998. Golden age of insecticide research: Past, present, or future?
Annual Reviews of Entomology
43:1–16.

Chapco, W., and G. Litzenberger. 2004. A DNA investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the Rocky Mountain grasshopper, mega-pest of the 1800s.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
30:810–814.

Coffin, B. 2005. Year of the locust.
Risk Management
52:10–15.

Cottam, C. 1965. The ecologist’s role in problems of pesticide pollution.
BioScience
15:457–463.

Davis, M. 1945. DDT: Friend and foe.
Wall Street Journal
, February 7.

Dewailly, E., P. Ayotte, S. Bruneau, C. Laliberté, D. Muir, and R. Norstrom. 1993. Inuit exposure to organochlorines through the aquatic food chain in Arctic Québec.
Environmental Health Perspectives
101:618–620.

Eskenazi, B., J. Chevrier, L. Rosas, H. Anderson, M. Bornman, H. Bouwman, A. Chen, B. Cohn, C. de Jagar, D. Henshel, F. Leipzig, J. Leipzig, E. Lorenz, S. Snedeker, and D. Stapleton. 2009. The Pine River statement: Human health consequences of DDT use.
Environmental Health Perspectives
117:1359–1367.

Fry, D. M. 1995. Reproductive effects in birds exposed to pesticides and industrial chemicals.
Environmental Health Perspectives
103:165–171.

Gassmann, A., J. Petzold-Maxwell, R. Keweshan, and M. Dunbar. 2011. Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
PLOS One
6.

Gavrilescu, M. 2005. Fate of pesticides in the environment.
Engineering in Life Sciences
5:497–526.

Georghiou, G. 1986. The magnitude of the resistance problem. Pages 14–44 in National Research Council, ed.,
Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management
. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.

Hagen, P., and M. Walls. 2005. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Natural Resources and Environment
19:49–52.

Haley, S., F. Peairs, C. Walker, J. Rudolph, and T. Randolph. 2004. Occurrence of a new Russian wheat aphid biotype in Colorado.
Crop Science
44:1589–1592.

Hasselquist, F. 1776.
Voyages and Travels in the Levant; In the Years 1749, 1750, 1751, 1552
. Davis and Reymers, London.

Higdon, H. 1969. Obituary for DDT (in Michigan).
New York Times
, July 6.

Hoskins, W., A. Borden, and A. Michelbacher. 1939. Recommendations for a more discriminating use of pesticides.
Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science
5:119–123.

Howes, M. 1971. DDT’s use backed by Nobel winner.
New York Times
, November 9.

Hulme, P. 2009. Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization.
Journal of Applied Ecology
46:10–18.

Kitron, U., and A. Spielman. 1989. Suppression of transmission of malaria through source reduction: Antianopheline measures applied in Israel, the United States, and Italy.
Reviews of Infectious Diseases
11:391–406.

Kogan, M. 1998. Integrated pest management: Historical perspectives and contemporary developments.
Annual Reviews of Entomology
43:243–270.

Lear, L. 1993. Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring.”
Environmental History Review
17:23–48.

Lee, J. 1962. “Silent Spring” is now noisy summer.
New York Times
, July 12.

Levy, S. 2004. Last days of the locust.
New Scientist
, February 21: 48–49.

Liebhold, A., W. Macdonald, D. Bergdahl, and V. Mastro. 1995. Invasion by exotic forest pests: A threat to forest ecosystems.
Forest Science
41:a0001–z0001

Liebhold, A., and M. McManus. 1999. The evolving use of insecticides in gypsy moth management.
Journal of Forestry
97:20–23.

Lockwood, J., and L. Debrey. 1990. A solution for the sudden and unexplained extinction of the Rocky Mountain grasshopper (
Orthoptera: Acredidae
).
Environmental Entomology
19:1194–1205.

Longnecker, M., W. Rogan, and G. Lucier. 1997. The human health effects of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health.
Annual Reviews of Public Health
18:211–244.

Losey, J., L. Rayor, and M. Carter. 1999. Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae.
Nature
399:214.

Mendelsohn, M., J. Kough, Z. Vaituzis, and K. Matthews. 2003. Are
Bt
crops safe?
Nature Biotechnology
21:1003–1009.

Morales, H., and I. Perfecto. 2000. Traditional knowledge and pest management in the Guatemalan highlands.
Agriculture and Human Values
17:49–63.

Mueller, U., and N. Gerardo. 2002. Fungus-farming insects: Multiple origins and diverse evolutionary histories.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
99:15247–15249.

Myers, J., A. Savoie, and E. van Randen. 1998. Eradication and pest management.
Annual Review of Entomology
43:471–491.

Myers, J., D. Simberloff, A. Kuris, and J. Carey. 2000. Eradication revisited: Dealing with exotic species.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
15:316–320.

Nixon, R. 1972. Special message to Congress outlining the 1972 Environmental Program, February 8. Online by G. Peters and J. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3731
.

Nobel Foundation. 1948a. “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948.”
Nobelprize.org
, August 1, 2012,
www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/
.

———. 1948b. “Paul Müller - Biographical.”
Nobelprize.org
, August 1, 2012,
www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/muller-bio.html
.

Norgaard, R. 1988. The biological control of cassava mealybug in Africa.
American Journal of Agricultural Economics
70:366–371.

Oerke, E.-C. 2006. Crop losses to pests.
Journal of Agricultural Science
144:31–43.

Office of Technology Assessment. 1993.
Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States.
OTA-F-565, Washington, DC.

Palumbi, S. 2001. Humans as the world’s greatest evolutionary force.
Science
293:1786–1790.

Pauly, P. 2002. Fighting the Hessian fly: American and British responses to insect invasion, 1776–1789.
Environmental History
7:485–507.

Pejchar, L., and H. Mooney. 2009. Invasive species, ecosystem services and human well-being.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
24:497–504.

Peryea, F., and T. Creger. 1994. Vertical distribution of lead and arsenic in soils contaminated with lead arsenate pesticide residues.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution
78:297–306.

President’s Science Advisory Committee. 1963.
Use of Pesticides
. White House, Washington, DC.

Pysek, P., and D. Richardson. 2010. Invasive species, environmental change and management, and health.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources
35:25–55.

Rattner, B. 2009. History of wildlife toxicology.
Ecotoxicology
18:773–783.

Reichard, R., M. Vargas-Teran, and M. Abu Sowa. 1992. Myiasis: The battle continues against screwworm infestation.
World Health Forum
13:130–143.

Romeis, J., M. Meissle, and F. Bigler. 2006. Transgenic crops expressing
Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins and biological control.
Nature Biotechnology
24:63–71.

Sachs, J., and P. Malaney. 2002. The economic and social burden of malaria.
Nature
415:680–685.

Sanchis, V. 2011. From microbial sprays to insect-resistant transgenic plants: History of the biospesticide
Bacillus thuringiensis
. A review.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
31:217–231.

Scheringer, M. 2009. Long-range transport of organic chemicals in the environment.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
28:677–690.

Schwartz, H. 1971. Corn blight: A triumph of genetics threatens disaster.
New York Times
, April 18.

Sen, R., H. Ishak, D. Estrada, S. Dowd, E. Hong, and U. Mueller. 2009. Generalized antifungal activity and 454-screening of
Pseudonocardia
and
Amycolatopsis
bacteria in nests of fungus-growing ants.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
106:17805–17810.

Shelton, A., and M. Sears. 2001. The monarch butterfly controversy: Scientific interpretations of a phenomenon.
Plant Journal
27:483–488.

Smith, D. 1999. Worldwide trends in DDT levels in human breast milk.
International Journal of Epidemiology
28:179–188.

Sonne, C. 2010. Health effects from long-range transported contaminants in Arctic top predators: An integrated review based on studies of polar bears and relevant model species.
Environment International
36:461–491.

Steinhaus, E. 1956. Living insecticides.
Scientific American
195:96–105.

Stephenson, G. 2003. Pesticide use and world food production: Risks and benefits. Pages 261–270 in J. Coats and H. Yamamoto, eds.,
Environmental Fate and Effects of Pesticides
. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

Tabashnik, B., A. Gassmann, D. Crowder, and Y. Carriére. 2008. Insect resistance to
Bt
crops: Evidence versus theory.
Nature Biotechnology
26:199–202.

Ullstrup, A. 1972. The impacts of the southern corn leaf blight epidemics of 1970–71.
Annual Reviews of Phytopathology
10:37–50.

Ware, G., and D. Whitacre. 2004. Pesticides: Chemical and biological tools. Pages 3–21 in
The Pesticide Book
, 6th ed. Meister Publications, Willoughby, OH.

World Health Organization (WHO), International Program on Chemical Safety. 2011.
DDT in Indoor Residual Spraying: Human Health Aspects
. WHO, Geneva.

World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 1979.
DDT and Its Derivatives
. WHO/UNEP, Geneva.

Yu, G., H. Shen, and J. Liu. 2009. Impacts of climate change on historical locust outbreaks in China.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012)
114: D18.

Chapter 9: The Revolution Goes Global

Appropriate Technology
. 2002. India’s Green Revolution has turned sour. Vol. 29:10–11.

Basu, S., M. Dutta, A. Goyal, P. Bhowmik, J. Kumar, S. Nandy, S. Scagliusi, and R. Prasad. 2010. Is genetically modified crop the answer for the next green revolution?
GM Crops
1:68–79.

Borlaug, N. 2000. Ending world hunger: The promise of biotechnology and the threat of antiscience zealotry.
Plant Physiology
124:487–490.

Other books

The Dark Root by Mayor, Archer
Hat Trick by W. C. Mack
Ashia by Taige Crenshaw
The Sugar King of Havana by John Paul Rathbone
Saving Juliet by Suzanne Selfors
Plague of the Dead by Z A Recht
The Race for Paris by Meg Waite Clayton