The Atlantic and Its Enemies (99 page)

Rolls-Royce

Roman Empire

Romania:

communist takeover

economy

establishment of Romanian state

ethnic German population

fall of Ceauşescu

and France

Hungarian minority

Jews

Kurdish nationalists’ summer schools

labour camps

‘Little Entente’

nationalism

Orthodox Church

peasantry

Soviet annexation of Bessarabia

territorial gains from Hungary

universities

Rome:

airport bombing (1985)

student population

Rome, Treaty of (1957)

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano:

banking reform

and Chinesewar

and Johnson

and Kennedy

and Keynes

and lying

New Deal

reputation

and Supreme Court

Yalta conference (1945)

Röpke, Wilhelm

Rostov

Rostow, Walt

Rotterdam

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Rover (automobile manufacturer)

Royal Dutch-Shell (oil company)

Royal Society

rubber

Rublev, Andrey

Rueff, Jacques

Ruhr

international authority

Ruhrgas

Ruijin

Rusk, Dean

Russell, Bertrand, 3rd Earl

Russell, Conrad, 5th Earl

Russia, Tsarist

Russia, post-Soviet

RussianWar (1917-23)

Russian Revolution (1917)

fortieth anniversary

Western views of

‘rust belt’

Rylands, George ‘Dadie’

Ryzhkov, Nikolay

Saarland

Sabanci dynasty

Sadat, Anwar

Saddam Hussein

Saigon:

American embassy

anti-American demonstrations

bombing of

fall of (1975)

French rule

refugee population

wartime squalor

St Anthony’s College, Oxford

St Louis, Missouri

St Petersburg (Leningrad)

Hermitage

Russian Museum

Soviet era slums

Zoo

Saint-Pulgent, Maryvonne de

Sakarya, battle of (1921)

Sakharov, Andrey

Saladin

Salisbury, Harrison

Salomon Brothers (bank)

Salonica

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Saltén, Felix

Saltley Coke Depot

Salzburg Festival

Samara (Kuybyshev)

Samarkand

Samuelson, Paul

San Francisco

San Francisco Treaty (1951)

Sandys, Julian

Santiago, Chile

Catholic University

University of Chile

Santiago de Cuba

Sapieha, Cardinal Prince

Sartre, Jean-Paul

Saudi Arabia:

and Afghan war

and Iran

oil production

and Yom Kippur War (1973)

Savak (Iranian secret police)

Savings and Loans crisis (USA)

Saxony

Scargill, Arthur

Schacht, Hjalmar

Scheel, Walter

Schenectady, New York

Schiller, Karl

Schily, Otto

Schlesinger, James

Schleyer, Hanns-Martin

Schmidt, Helmut:

background and character

and Britain

and Carter

economic policy

and European Community

and Gierek

and Honecker

on the Left

Minister of Finances

Ostpolitik

Rambouillet summit (1975)

and Reagan administration

succeeds Brandt as Chancellor

Schoenberg, Arnold

Schreiberhau

Schuman, Robert

Schumpeter, Joseph

Scotland:

comparisons with Saxony

Conservative Party in

first recorded Scottish utterance

nationalism

Protestantism

referendum on independence (1979)

SDP (British Social Democratic Party)

‘Second Cold War’

Second World War:

bombing of Germany

British victories

German capitulation

Japanese surrender

Soviet victories

Victory Day (1945)

SED (East German Party of Socialist Unity)

Sédillot, René,
Le Coût de la Révolution française

Seeckt, Hans von

Seldon, Arthur

Sellers, Peter

Selyunin, Vasily

Semipalatinsk

Semyonov, Vladimir

Şener, Mahmut

Seoul

serfdom

Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques

Seton-Watson, Hugh

Sèvres Protocol (1956)

Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)

fall of

Shakespeare, William

Shakhnazarov, Georgy

Shanghai

Shannon, Claude Elwood

Shanxi province

Shawcross, Hartley, Baron

Shcherbitsky, Vladimir

Sheehan, Neil

Sheffield

Sheffield
, HMS

Shelest, Petro

Shell (oil company)

Sherman, Sir Alfred

Shevardnadze, Edward

Shigemitsu, Mamoru

Shigeru, Yoshida

shipbuilding

Shultz, George

Siberia

gas pipeline

Sibiu

Sichuan province

Sicily

Siemens-Schuckert (corporation)

Sihanouk, King

Sihanoukville

Siirt

Šik, Ota

Sikhs

Silesia

Simenon, Georges

Simes, Dmitri

Singapore

single parents

Sino-Soviet split

Sinop

Sissons, Michael

Six Day War (1967)

Skidelsky, Robert, Baron

Sladkevičius, Vincentas

Slansky, Rudolf

Slater Walker Securities (bank)

slavery

Slovakia:

author’s imprisonment in

Catholic Church

Communist Party

Democratic Party

Hungarians in

Jews in

Lutheran Church

nationalism

and ‘Prague Spring’

relations with Czech lands

Second World War

Secret Service

Slovenia

Slump, Great (1930s)

Smiley, Xan

Smith, Adam

Smith, David

Smith, Frederick

Smithsonian agreement (on exchange rates; 1971)

smoking bans

Smoot-Hawley tariff

snoek (fish)

Snow, C. P., Baron

Snow, Edgar

Sobchak, Anatoly

Social Democratic Party (British; SDP)

Social Democrats (Austrian)

Social Democrats (Czechoslovak)

Social Democrats (German; SPD):

post-war occupied Germany

Weimar Republic

West Germany

Social Democrats (Hungarian)

Socialist Unity Party (East German; SED)

‘soft professions’

solar power

Solidarność (‘Solidarity’; Polish trade union)

Solomentsev, Mikhail

Solvay, Ernest

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander

Somalia

Somoza, Anastasio

Sontag, Susan

Sopron

Sorbonne

Soros, George

SOS Racisme

South Africa

South Georgia

South Korea:

economic success

establishment of

shipbuilding

steel industry

wig exports

see also
Korean War

South Vietnam:

American investment

Army (ARVN)

communist takeover

corruption

Diem regime

establishment of

fall of Saigon (1975)

land reform failure

refugee population
see also
Vietnam War

Soutou, Georges-Henri

Souvarine, Boris

Soviet Union see USSR

Sozialmarktwirtschaft
(West German)

space programmes:

American

Soviet

Spain:

Civil War

Communist Party

empire

EU membership

health care

nationalism

Pinochet trial

POUM (Communist organization)

Spanish Armada

SPD see Social Democrats (German)

Speer, Albert

Spence, Jonathan

Spetsnaz
(Soviet ‘special forces’ troops)

Spiegel
,
Der
(magazine)

spies:

Czechoslovak

Soviet agents in Britain and USA

U
₂
spy planes

in Vienna

sport:

in communist states

football hooliganism

Sputnik

Šrámek, Jan

‘stagflation’

Stakhanovism

Stalin, Joseph:

background

and Berlin blockade (1948-9)

and Brezhnev

and China

claims to scholarship

collectivization policy

comparisons with Genghiz Khan

cult of personality

and Czechoslovakia

death

education policy

and Germany

and Greece

and Hungary

Khruhschev’s denunciation of

and Korean War

in London

‘March Note’ (1952)

and Marshall

and Marshall Plan

Middle East ambitions

Moscow conference (1947)

and nationalism

and NATO

and Poland

Potsdam conference (1945)

purges

removal of corpse from Kremlin

russification programmes

secretary of Central Committee

seventieth birthday

show trials

and SpanishWar

Teheran conference (1943)

and Turkey

tyrannical leadership

use of alcohol

and Vietnam

Yalta conference (1945)

and Yugoslavia

Stalingrad

Standard Oil

Stanford University

business school

Stasi (East German state security)

Staszewski, Stefan

Stavisky scandal (1934)

Stavropol

StB (Czechoslovak security service)

steel industry:

Belgium

Britain

ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community)

France

Germany

Japan

Korea

Luxemburg

Poland

Turkey

USA

USSR

Steinbeck, John

Steiner, Max

Steiner, Zara

Stendhal

sterilization, enforced

Stern, Manfred

Stiglitz, Joseph

stock market crashes:

1929

1987

2008

Stockholm

Stockman, David

Stone, I. F.

Stone, Oliver

Stoph, Willi

Strasbourg

Strategic Defense Initiative (American; ‘Star Wars’)

Strauss, Franz Josef

Strong, Anna Louise

student demonstrations

student exchanges

student loans

Suez Canal

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Suez crisis (1956)

Sukarno, President of Indonesia

Sun Microsystems (corporation)

Sunderland

‘supplyside’ economics

Suslov, Mikhail

Sussex University

Suzdal

Svoboda, Ludvík

Swanson, Robert A.

Sweden:

automobile industry

and Finland

health care

and Kurdish nationalism

Lutheran Church

price and wage control

sterilization of Lapps

‘Swedish model’

taxation

trade with Germany

trade unions

Swindon

Switzerland

Sydney

Syria:

Egyptian-Syrian union

Kurdish population

Öcalan in

Soviet aid

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Szamuely, Tibor

Szasz, Thomas,
The Myth of Mental Illness

Szklarska Poręba

Tadzhikistan

Tadzhiks

Taiwan:

Chiang Kai-shek’s mausoleum

economic power

Kuomintang (Nationalist) government

land reforms

US relations with

Talbott, Strobe

Talebani, Celal

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de

Tamerlane

Tanzania

Taraki, Nur Mohammed

Targowice, Convention of (1792)

Tarnovsky, A. A.

Tashkent

Tătărescu, Gheorghe

Tatars

Tatarstan

Taut, Bruno

Tawney, R. H.

Taylor, A. J.

English History
1914-1945

Taylor, Frederick Winslow

Taylorism

Taylor, Maxwell

Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich

Teamsters (labour union)

Tebbit, Norman, Baron

Tefal (corporation)

Teheran conference (1943)

Teitelboim, Volodia

TeleCommunications Inc.

telephones

television:

in Britain

cable television

in Eastern Bloc

in France

in Germany

manufacture of sets

news reporting

and politics

Teller, Edward

Timişoara

Tennessee Valley Authority

terrorism:

Irish

in Italy

Kurdish

Palestinian

Rome and Vienna airport attacks (1985)

in West Germany

Tet offensive (1968)

Texaco (oil company)

Texas

TGWU (British Transport and General Workers Union)

Thatcher, Sir Denis

Thatcher, Margaret, Baroness:

animus against

background and character

on Berlin Wall

at Bicentenary celebrations in Paris

budget of 1981

andservice

combating of inflation

core beliefs

education policies

and EEC/EU

elected Conservative leader (1975)

Falklands War (1982)

and fall of communism

fall from power

foreign policy

general election victories; (1979); (1983)

and German reunification

and Gorbachev

international reputation