The App Generation (28 page)

Bowling Alone
(Putnam),
68

bowling leagues,
90

boyd, danah,
33

boys,
4
,
113
–14

Bradbury, Ray,
163
–64

brain, at rest,
74

Brave New World
(Huxley),
156
,
159

Brinkley, David,
46

Buddha Box,
170

bullying, online,
113
–14,
116

Burgess, Anthony,
155
–57,
159
,
164
,
167
,
193

cable TV,
50
,
55
,
57

Caillois, Roger,
216
n43

cameras, digital,
123

camps and camping,
47
,
84
–85; camp directors,
12
,
77
,
84
,
140
,
148
,
201
; digital devices smuggled into camp,
29
–30,
85

Carr, Nicholas,
34

CBS network,
46
,
55

celebrities,
71
,
72

cell phones,
85
,
93
,
96
,
107
; age of first acquisition of,
58
;
feeling of social connectedness and,
117
; games on,
150
; lost,
84
; multitasking and,
146
; percentage of adolescents owning,
94
; social isolation and,
100
,
105
–6

Challenger
space shuttle explosion,
50
,
55
,
166

Chaplin, Charlie,
19
,
19

chat rooms, online,
62

Childhood and Society
(Erikson),
14
,
42
–45

childrearing,
6
,
26

citizenship,
170
,
171
,
172

civic institutions, declining participation in,
68

civilization,
26
,
155
,
157
,
167

civil rights,
166

A Clockwork Orange
(Burgess novel, Kubrick film),
155
–56,
167
–68,
193

CNN (Cable News Network),
55
–56

code, writing of,
24
,
152
,
195

Code for America,
188
–91

coding schemes, in study methodology,
202
–8

Cognitive Surplus
(Shirky),
152

cognitivism.
See
constructivism (cognitivism)

Colbert, Stephen,
105

collaboration, creative,
151
,
152
,
174
,
179

college admissions officers,
66

Common Sense Media,
172

communication, media of,
20
,
21
; digital and predigital communication compared,
93
–97; dizzying advances in,
49
; messaging apps and risk aversion,
84
; in mid-twentieth century,
47

community,
60
,
68
,
90
,
173
,
179

computers,
2
,
24
,
40
,
150
,
157
; human intellect surpassed by,
159
; mainframe,
49
,
58
; in mid-twentieth century,
46
–47; personal computers,
52
,
55
; singularity and,
193
; speed of calculations,
189
; young child's view of,
194
–96.
See also
desktops; laptops; smartphones; tablets

consciousness,
14
,
59
,
154
,
192
; of generations,
38
; tribal,
22

constructivism (cognitivism),
28
–29,
31
,
34
,
167
,
182
,
186

consumption, digital,
52

conversation,
38
,
96
,
105
–6,
157

“Crash the Super Bowl” advertising campaign,
122
–23

creative writing,
125
–26,
133
–39,
203
–5

creativity,
122
,
128
,
129
,
153
,
161
; data on changes in,
130
–39; divergent thinking and,
129
; enhanced by apps,
149
–52; of groups,
165
; student artworks and writing,
201
–5; tests measuring,
127

Creativity Connector,
150
–52

critical thinking,
179

Cronkite, Walter,
46
,
55

crowdsourcing,
189

curiosity, intellectual,
127

Cyrus, Miley,
88

Daily Deeds,
73

Dana Foundation,
146

Davidson, Cathy,
33

Dean, Diane,
86
–87

Dean, Howard,
56

Death of a Salesman
(Miller),
44

democracy,
33
,
99
,
170

desktops,
2
,
23
,
49
–50

Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon
(Picasso),
153

deviantART,
126
,
152

Diana, Princess, death of,
23

Digital Age,
49

digital immigrants,
2
,
30
,
40

digital media,
10
,
11
,
89
,
200
; coarsening effect of,
112
–18; consciousness of world events and,
56
; creative expression and,
121
,
123
,
142
,
145
–46; critics of,
34
; education affected by,
173
–88; generations and,
194
–97; hegemony of,
55
; imagination enabled by,
149
; packaged self and,
70
–76; possibilities opened by,
33
; as quantum leap in power and influence,
13
; stimulation effect and,
108

Digital Media and Learning Initiative (MacArthur Foundation),
205

digital natives,
1
,
2
,
30

discussion networks,
98
–99

disruption,
105
–7

diversity, acceptance of,
86
–88

Doritos, consumer-generated ads for,
122
–23

“drill and kill” learning,
28

driver's licenses,
79
,
81
–82

early adopters,
51

eBay,
52

EdgeRank,
118

The Ed Sullivan Show
(TV show),
46

education,
6
,
68
,
81
,
186
–88,
191
; app mentality and liberal arts education,
176
–79; behaviorist approach to,
183
,
186
; creative expression vehicles sidelined in schools,
147
–48; educational philosophies,
27
–28; emerging adulthood and,
53
; enabling apps and,
183
,
184
–85; ethics and,
172
; as lifelong process,
173
–74,
175
; aof middle class youth,
49
; negative effects of digital media on,
174
–77; objective measurements of performance,
175
–77; printing and mass education,
21
; Scratch application and,
181
–84

Educational Testing Service,
176

L'Éducation sentimentale
(Flaubert),
38
–39,
157

Edward VIII, abdication of,
22

efficiency,
20
,
97
,
197

80Bites,
73

Eisenhower, Dwight,
42

elaboration,
128

elections,
46
,
56
,
118

Eliot, T. S.,
37
,
176

Ellul, Jacques,
19
–20,
22
,
51
,
54
,
158

email,
52
,
58
,
107

emerging adulthood,
53

empathy, decline in,
110
–18,
119

employers, prospective,
66

encyclopedias,
17

entrepreneurship,
70
,
122
,
159

e-readers,
58

Erikson, Erik,
14
,
42
,
43
–44,
45
,
49
,
98
; formulation of healthy identity,
66
; on imagination,
121
; on “implausible identity,”
71
; middle-class youth studied by,
161

ethics,
6
,
170
–73,
177

exploring condition,
27

Facebook,
51
,
52
,
92
,
127
; advertising on,
123
; alcohol-related images on,
83
; in app form,
62
; coarse speech on,
112
–13; creativity in employees of,
148
,
149
; deactivation and deletion of accounts,
101
,
103
; EdgeRank,
118
; Facebook Election (2008),
56
; hook-up culture and,
115
; interruptions and,
147
; “marriages” on,
4
–6; narcissism and,
75
–76; packaged self and,
71
,
216
n43; relationship status options on,
5
–6; risk-taking behavior and,
82
; self-presentation on,
63
–64; social isolation and,
100
,
101
,
102
; as video-sharing site,
124
; as vital social context,
2
; wall postings as public record,
96

Facetime,
109

face-to-face interaction,
32
,
106
,
109
,
118
,
219
n9; augmented by online communication,
108
; interviews,
206
; text messages preferred over,
96
–97

fame, discourse of,
71

families,
53
,
98
,
106
; discussion networks and,
99
; low-income,
81
; microcoordination among,
95
; post-familial,
107
; privacy and,
64

Figment,
125
–26,
152

The Filter Bubble
(Pariser),
117
–18

Flaubert, Gustave,
38
–39,
157
–58

Flixel,
120

fluency, in generating ideas,
128

focus groups,
12
,
80
,
105
,
114
,
147
,
200
–201

Fortune
magazine,
46

Fotor,
120

France,
48
,
157
–58,
165

Frontier
(Graham),
153

games, computer/video,
89
,
114
,
127
,
150
,
162
,
208

Gandhi, Mahatma,
176

GarageBand,
120

Gardner, Oscar,
194
–96

Gawande, Atul,
177

gays and gay identity,
61
,
110

geeks and geeking out,
30
,
31
,
61
,
86

gender roles,
87

General Social Survey (GSS),
98
–99,
100
,
220
n11

generations,
35
,
166
,
194
–97; biological,
53
,
59
; calendrical,
53
; definition of,
13
–14,
36
; elders' criticism of younger generations,
37
; experiences shared with peers,
37
–38,
50
; Generations, X, Y, Z,
40
; political, cultural, or social,
53
; technologies and,
49
–55; tradition and,
41

generativity,
44
,
168

genre play, in creative writing,
133
–34

GERM (Global Educational Reform Movement),
176

Germany,
48

Gershwin, George,
190

girls,
4
,
71
; blogging by,
11
,
206
–7; number of text messages sent by,
94
; online cruelty and,
113

Glee
(TV show),
105
,
124

global village,
22

Gmail,
118

GoodPlay Project,
170
,
205
–6,
207
,
208

GoodWork,
177

Google,
121
,
141
,
192
,
195
; creativity in employees of,
148
–49; “Don't be evil” motto,
171
; Google Maps,
9
,
17
,
18
; Hangouts,
109
; search algorithm,
118

GPS (Global Positioning System),
8
–9

Grafman, Jordan,
146

Graham, Martha,
153
,
176

Great Depression,
39
,
165