The Anthrax Letters: The Attacks That Shocked America (47 page)

On diagnosing and treating Ernie Blanco’s anthrax:

Berman, Noah, Alice Gregory, and Joan Murawski. “Second American Media Worker Contracts Inhalation Anthrax,”
The Palm Beach Post
, October 16, 2001.

Evans, Christine. “The Miracle That Saved Ernie Blanco’s Life,”
The Palm Beach Post
, December 2, 2001.

Inglesby, Thomas V. et al. “Anthrax as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
, May 12, 1999.

U.S. House of Representatives. Testimony of Carlos Omenaca, M.D., before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Veterans’ Affairs Committee. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, November 14, 2001.

On American Media and suspicions about the anthrax perpetrators:

“Every American’s Worst Nightmare by the People Who Lived It,”
The National Enquirer
, October 30, 2001.

“The Face of Evil: What Fuels Madman Osama Bin Laden’s Hatred of America and Drives Him to Commit Mass Murder?”
Globe
, October 2, 2001.

Kidwell, David, Manny Garcia, and Larry Lebowitz. “Authorities Trace Anthrax that Killed Florida Man to Iowa Lab,”
The Miami Herald
, October 10, 2001.

Mahler, Jonathan. “The National Enquirer: A Tabloid Story,” in Charles Melcher and Valerie Virga, Editors,
The National Enquirer: Thirty Years of Unforgettable Images
. New York: Talk Miramax Books/Hyperion, 2001.

On false anthrax alarms:

Leusner, Donna. “Package with White Powder Sparks Trenton Anthrax Scare,”
The Star-Ledger
(Newark, NJ), October 11, 2001.

On anthrax cases in New York City and the Washington, D.C. area:

Altman, Lawrence K. “Doctor in City Reported Anthrax Case Before Florida,”
The New York Times
, October 18, 2001.

Dewan, Puneet K. et al. “Inhalational Anthrax Outbreak among Postal Workers, Washington, DC, 2001,”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
, October 2002.

Emling, Shelley and Scott Shepard, “NBC Aide Contracts Skin Anthrax,”
The Palm Beach Post
, October 13, 2001.

Hsu, Vincent P. et al. “Opening a
Bacillus anthracis
-Containing Envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, DC: The Public Health Response,”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
, October 2002.

Layton, Marcelle. “Cutaneous Anthrax in New York City: Expect the Unexpected,” presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et al., Atlanta, GA, March 24-27, 2002.

Martinez, Barbara. “Anthrax Victims’ Fate Varied by Their Hospital and Doctor,”
The Wall Street Journal
, November 27, 2001.

New York City Department of Health. “Health Department Announces an Anthrax Case in New York City,” press release, October 12, 2001.

New York City Department of Health. “Health Department Announces Second Case of Cutaneous (Skin) Anthrax,” press release, October 15, 2001.

New York City Department of Health. “Health Department Announces Third Case of Cutaneous (Skin) Anthrax,” press release, October 18, 2001.

New York City Department of Health. “Health Department Confirms Fourth Case of Cutaneous (Skin) Anthrax,” press release, October 19, 2001.

New York City Department of Health. “Second Employee at NBC Has Probable Case of Skin Anthrax; Suspicious Illness Was Previously Reported by NYCDOH on October 13,” press release, October 25, 2001.

On initial diagnoses of anthrax in New Jersey:

Greene, Carolyn M. et al. “Epidemiologic Investigations of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, New Jersey, 2001,”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
, October 2002.

Pfaff, Leslie Garisto. “Lessons from Anthrax,”
New Jersey Monthly
, May 2002.

Verrengia, Joseph B. “Anthrax Mystery and Effort to Solve it Unfolded, Case by Nerve-Racking Case,”
Newsday
, October 27, 2001.

On delivering anthrax as a weapon:

Cole, Leonard A.
Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests Over Populated Areas
. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1990.

On the postal system and additional anthrax cases in New Jersey:

Pearson, Michele. “Anthrax in the U.S. Postal System,” presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et al., Atlanta, GA, March 24-27, 2002.

Reefhuis, Jennita. “Letters from Trenton: The Anthrax Investigation at the Source, New Jersey, 2001,” presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et al., Atlanta, GA, March 24-27, 2002

Tan, Christina G. et al., “Surveillance for Anthrax Cases Associated with Contaminated Letters, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 2001,”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
, October 2002.

Taylor, Alan. “Poor Richard, Poor Ben,”
The New Republic
, January 13, 2003.

U.S. Postal Service. History of the U.S. Postal Service:
http://www.usps.com/history/his1.htm

On the diagnosis and death of Kathy Nguyen:

Finkelstein, Katherine E. “Confusion and Anxiety, and Plenty of Antibiotics,”
The New York Times
, October 31, 2001.

Holtz, Timothy H. “Inhalational Anthrax—New York City, October-November 2001,” presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et al., Atlanta, GA, March 24-27, 2002.

Kleinfield, N. R. “Anthrax Investigators Are Hoping Bronx Case Leads Them to Source,”
The New York Times
, November 6, 2001.

Mina, Bushra et al., “Fatal Inhalational Anthrax with Unknown Source of Exposure in a 61-Year-Old Woman in New York City,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
, February 20, 2002.

New York City Department of Health. “Alert #6: Inhalational Anthrax Case in New York City,” October 30, 2001.

Revkin, Andrew C. “Detectives Ask for Help in Tracing Victim’s Steps,”
The New York Times
, November 7, 2001.

Steinhauer, Jennifer. “Hospital Worker’s Illness Suggests Widening Threat; Security Tightens Over U.S.,”
The New York Times
, October 31, 2001.

On the diagnosis and death of Ottilie Lundgren:

Barakat, Lydia et al., “Fatal Inhalational Anthrax in a 94-Year-Old Connecticut Woman,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
, February 20, 2002.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Update: Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Inhalational Anthrax—Connecticut, 2001,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
, Atlanta, GA, November 30, 2001.

Daly, Matthew and Diane Scarponi. “Woman in Rural Town Tests Positive for Inhalation Anthrax,”
The Hartford Courant
, November 21, 2001.

Hadler, James L. “Inhalation Anthrax of Unknown Source,” presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et al., Atlanta, GA, March 24-27, 2002.

Williams, Alcia A. et al., “Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax Surveillance, Connecticut, September-December, 2001,”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
, October 2002.

Zielbauer, Paul. “Connecticut Woman, 94, Is Fifth to Die from Inhalation Anthrax,”
The New York Times
, November 22, 2001.

On D.A. Henderson:

Henderson, Donald A. “Public Health Preparedness,” presented at the AAAS Colloquium on Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC, April 11-12, 2002.

Liu, Mark. “Best Prepare for the Worst: How D. A. Henderson, M.D., M.P.H., Saved the Planet from Smallpox, and How He Plans to Do It Again,”
Rochester Medicine
, Spring/Summer, 2002.

On smallpox and its possible use as a biological weapon:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Notice to Readers: 25th Anniversary of the Last Case of Naturally Acquired Smallpox,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
, Atlanta, GA, November 13, 2002.

Fenner, F. et al.
Smallpox and Its Eradication
. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988.

Halloran, M. Elizabeth et al. “Containing Bioterrorist Smallpox,”
Science
, November 15, 2002.

Koopman, Jim. “Controlling Smallpox,”
Science
, November 15, 2002.

Orent, Wendy. “Smallpox Vaccines as a First Line of Defense,”
Los Angeles Times
, October 20, 2002.

Tucker, Jonathan B.
Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox
. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001.

On anthrax, bioterrorism, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:

Altman, Lawrence K. “C.D.C. Team Tackles Anthrax,”
The New York Times
, October 16, 2001.

Altman, Lawrence K. “When Everything Changed at the C.D.C.,”
The New York Times
, November 13, 2001.

Altman, Lawrence K. “Disease Control Center Bolsters Terror Response,”
The New York Times
, August 26, 2002.

Marshal, Eliot. “AIDS Researcher Named CDC Chief,”
Science
, July 12, 2002.

McKenna, M. A. J. “First Line of Defense: CDC Foot Soldiers Hit Nation’s Streets,”
The Atlanta Constitution
, August 30, 2002.

Rienzi, Greg. “Bioterrorism Puts Center in Headlines,”
The Johns Hopkins Gazette
, November 5, 2001.

Smith, Stephen. “CDC Sees Progress in Terror Response,”
Boston Globe
, September 30, 2002.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Judith Miller. “Bioterror Role an Uneasy Fit for the C.D.C.,”
The New York Times
, November 11, 2001.

On science and the detection of anthrax:

Schuch, Raymond, Daniel Nelson, and Vincent A. Fischetti. “A Bacteriolytic Agent that Detects and Kills
Bacillus anthracis
,”
Nature
, August 2002.

Watson, James D.
The Double Helix
. New York: Atheneum, 1968.

Wortman, Marc. “DNA Chips Target Cancer,”
Technology Review
, July/August 2001.

On Nancy Connell and bioterrorism:

Jacobs, Eve. “Scientists Fight Bioterrorism in the Lab,”
Healthstate
(The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey), Fall 2001.

MacPherson, Kitta. “Gearing Up for the Bioterrorism Battle: UMDNJ Scientist Looks for Defense Against Germs,”
The Star-Ledger
(Newark, NJ), October 7, 2001.

Regaldo, Antonio. “Armchair Sleuths: Tracking Anthrax Without a Badge,”
The Wall Street Journal
, October 14, 2002.

On science and bioterrorism:

Agres, Ted. “Bioterrorism Projects Boost US Research Budget,”
The Scientist
, March 18, 2002.

Anderson, Curt. “Bush Signs 4.6B Bioterror Bill,”
The Washington Post
, June 12, 2002.

Atlas, Ronald. “National Security and the Biological Research Community,”
Science
, October 25, 2002.

Coughlin, Kevin. “Security Puts Crimp in Anthrax Research: Scientists Frustrated by Federal Delays,”
The Star-Ledger
(Newark, NJ), March 31, 2002.

U.S. House of Representatives. Hearing on “The Threat of Bioterrorism in America: Assessing the Adequacy of the Federal Law Relating to Dangerous Biological Agents,” before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Commerce. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, May 20, 1999.

Wilkie, Dana. “Today’s World: Research vs. Security: Investigators Find It Increasingly Difficult to Obtain Bacterial Pathogens for Antibioterrorism Studies,”
The Scientist
, September 30, 2002.