The Anatomy of Addiction (24 page)

crack, myths about,
33
–36,
196

Joanne's experience with,
47
–49,
50
,
63

as legal medication,
31
,
59

length of average addiction to,
176

medications for addiction to,
144
–45

codeine,
75
,
112

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),
48
,
50
,
99
,
166

Cohen, Peter,
87

cold turkey,
122

Columbia University,
4
,
40

Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at,
x
,
67
,
93
,
123
,
172
–75

Come Back, Little Sheba,
15

compulsion,
31
,
33
,
57
,
110
–11

corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF),
60
–61,
144

counseling,
see
therapy and counseling

counselors,
xi
,
4
,
11
,
27
,
92
,
206

crack, myths about,
33
–36

crack babies,
196

cravings,
21
,
29
,
45
,
50
,
57
,
58
,
98
,
104
,
105
,
209
,
212

criminalization,
xii
,
1
–2,
4
–7,
9
,
25
,
29
–30,
88
–90,
91
–92,
207
–8,
211

criminal justice system:

mental health and,
201

and people with fetal alcohol syndrome,
198
–201

teens and,
181
–82

CT scans,
50

culture of disbelief,
205

Cure, The,
119

DARE,
208

date rape drugs,
129

Days of Wine and Roses, The,
15
–16

deaths,
24
,
35
,
37
–38,
58
,
207
,
208
,
211
–12

from alcohol,
ix
–x,
6
,
33
,
36
,
59
,
70
–71,
207

from heroin,
42
,
71
,
76
,
135
–36

in late-middle-agers,
137
–38,
206

mixing drugs and,
71

from prescription drugs,
136

suicide,
13
,
70
,
74

delirium tremens (DTs),
124
–26

Demerol,
7

dependence,
20

addiction vs.,
138
–39

on alcohol,
20
,
60
–61

depression,
13
,
100
–101,
103
,
162
,
164
,
165
–66

manic,
see
bipolar disorder

detoxification,
104
,
119
–32,
211

from alcohol,
124
–26

from benzodiazepines,
128
–29

evaluation in,
123
–24

facilitation of treatment entry and,
124

facilities for,
19
,
124
,
129
–30

from heroin,
126
–27

individualized programs for,
121
–22

licensed medical professionals and,
131
–32

from opioids,
126
–27

rehab clinics and,
19
,
122
,
129
–30

severe intoxication and,
120
–21

stabilization in,
124

from stimulants,
127
–28

ten-day,
123

three steps to,
123
–24

treatment vs.,
122
–23,
130

diabetes,
1
,
14
,
23
,
30
,
43
,
49
,
51
,
91
,
94
,
95
,
113
,
133
,
140
,
141
,
172
,
208

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
65
,
77

diazepam (Valium),
85
,
125
,
128
,
206
–7

dimethyltryptamine (DMT),
107

dipsomania,
31
–32

disulfiram,
116
,
144
–45,
170

DNA,
54

doctors,
see
physicians

dopamine,
3
,
49
,
52
,
103
,
128

Downey, Indio,
53

Downey, Robert, Jr.,
53

Down's syndrome,
197

Dresner, Amy,
177

driving:

drinking and,
21
,
60
,
176
,
177
,
179
–80

marijuana and,
40
,
85

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA),
1
,
38

drugs:

addiction to one as addiction to all,
37

alcohol as different from,
30
–33

criminalization of,
see
criminalization

deaths from,
35

Just Say No campaign and,
171
–72,
208

prescription vs. illegal,
37
–39

war on,
5
,
7
,
27
,
171
,
172
,
208

dual diagnoses,
157
–70

ADHD in,
168

autism in,
168

bipolar disorder,
105
,
145
,
159
–60

causality in,
167
–68

depression in,
13
,
100
–101,
103
,
162
,
164
,
165
–66

discrimination and,
161

distinguishing between disorders in,
163
–64

dysphoria in,
168
–69

multiple risk factors in,
169

PTSD in,
169
–70

Samantha's story,
164
–66

self-medicating and,
160
,
167

supersensitivity in,
169

theories of,
167
–69

treatment for,
160
–61,
162
,
166
–67

dysphoria,
168
–69

ecstasy,
164
,
165

EEG,
96

Eighteenth Amendment,
6

Eighth Amendment,
30

emergency care,
37
,
76
,
208

emotions:

anger,
106
–11

chemical component of,
107

pain,
102

stress,
see
stress

Epictetus,
52

epigenetics,
54
,
55

escitalopram,
166

evaluation, in detoxification procedure,
123
–24

evidence-based addiction treatment,
x
,
xiii
,
2
–4,
9
,
16
,
24
,
49
,
91
–117,
206
,
209
,
211

assessment in,
95
–96

biomedical therapy in,
94
,
95
,
97
–98

centers for,
14

defined,
93
–94

effective, key to,
96
–97

individualized programs in,
95
,
97
,
105
–6

insurance and,
210

Joanne's experience with,
48
–49

maintenance in,
see
managed maintenance

measuring success of,
113
–15,
142

medical schools and,
211
–12

medications in,
see
medications for addiction

psychological therapy in,
12
,
50
,
94
,
95
,
98
–102

rehab clinics and,
xi
,
8
,
10
–12

sociocultural therapy in,
94
,
102
–3

executive brain function,
58
,
145
,
197

exercise,
103
,
143

family history of addiction,
140
,
183
,
187
–89

Fanatrex (gabapentin),
98
,
116
,
120

fetal alcohol effects (FAEs),
198
,
202

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs),
75
,
193
–204

brain damage in,
194
–98

criminal justice system and,
198
–201

defining,
202
–3

degrees of damage in,
195

IQ and,
198
,
199

lifelong problems caused by,
197
–98,
199

predators and,
198
–99

rise in,
207

signs of,
202
–3

social skills and,
198
–99

films,
15
–16,
119
–20

Finberg, Adam,
209

Flakka,
114
,
136

fluoxetine,
166

Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
15
,
75
–76,
38
,
45
,
83
,
104
,
170

Forbes,
114

Ford, Betty,
12

formication,
78

Foster, Susan,
175

Freud, Sigmund,
32
–33

Frieden, Tom,
38

GABA,
52

gabapentin (Gabarone),
98
,
116
,
120

Gablofen,
115

gambling,
33

genetics,
21
,
23
,
25
,
49
–51,
53
–55,
57
,
61
–62,
69
,
85
,
102
,
212

alcohol and,
60
,
61

Gralise (gabapentin),
98
,
116
,
120

group talk therapy,
xii
,
9
,
28
–29,
49

see also
12
-step programs

Half Nelson,
16

hallucinogens,
164

Hamburg, Margaret A.,
76

Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches, The
(Hester and Miller),
10

harm reduction,
112
–13

Harrison Narcotics Act,
6
,
172

Hazelden Foundation,
11
–12,
24
,
210

health care:

Affordable Care Act and,
15
,
153
,
209
–10,
211
,
212

emergency,
37
,
76
,
208

insurance in,
14
,
15
,
19
,
185
,
210

Medicaid,
14
,
15

Medicare,
136
,
206
–7

parity rules in,
210

Healy, Kearney,
200

heart disease,
1
,
23
,
43
,
49
,
50
–51,
106
,
113
,
133
,
141
,
172

heroin,
6
,
20
,
30
–31,
33
,
45
,
46
,
51
,
60
,
75
,
76
,
105
,
206

alcohol and,
71

deaths from,
42
,
71
,
76
,
135
–36

detoxification from,
126
–27

as ghetto drug,
41
–43

harm reduction and,
112
–13

as legal medication,
31
,
59
,
75

length of average addiction to,
176

medications for addiction to,
98
,
112
–13,
144

prescription drugs and,
7
,
39
,
41
,
43
,
135
–38

pure forms of,
42
,
76
,
137

rise in use of,
135
–36,
163

high blood pressure (hypertension),
16
,
95
,
113
,
133
,
140

HIV/AIDS,
140
,
197

Hoffman, Philip Seymour,
x
–xi,
5
,
56
,
76
,
123

homocysteine,
106

Huffington Post,
13
,
38
,
46
,
209

hydrocodone (Vicodin),
38
,
60
,
75

hypertension (high blood pressure),
16
,
95
,
113
,
133
,
140