The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin (52 page)

Strahan urges Franklin to run for, 97

Philadelphia

Wilkes as member of House of Commons, 128

Constitutional Convention in, 215

Pat Lyon at the Forge
(Neagle), 241-42,
242

Continental Congresses in, 148, 154

patronage, 25-27

Franklin as postmaster of, 53

Paxton Boys uprising, 98-99

William Franklin as postmaster of, 94

Peale, Charles Willson, 213,
214

Franklin in city government, 67-68

Pearson, Isaac, 31

Franklin owning rental property in, 54

Pendleton, Edmund, 26

Franklin returns from France in 1785, 213-15

Penn, John, 74

Franklin returns from London in 1726, 30-32

Penn, Thomas

Franklin returns from London in 1762, 97

on colonial assemblies, 102

Franklin returns from London in 1775, 153-54

donates electrical apparatus to Library

Franklin’s arrival in, 23-24

Company, 63

Franklin’s homes in, 52, 56-57, 98, 111, 153-54

enmity with Franklin, 69, 79, 80, 92, 93

in Franklin’s will, 230

on Franklin and British ruling aristocracy,

Howe takes in 1777, 190

170-71

as largest city in America, 213

Franklin’s London negotiations with, 88,

London contrasted with, 28, 85

92, 93

population in 1720s, 23

and Franklin’s Militia Association, 69

printers’ strike of 1786, 246

refusing to pay taxes on his land, 79

Quaker aristocracy of, 24

Penn, William, 23, 67, 69, 92, 101

reaction to Franklin’s death in, 231

Pennsylvania

servants in, 24

abolitionism in, 227

Philadelphia Hospital, 230

and Albany Plan of Union, 74, 75, 76

philosophes,
173-74, 180, 181, 227, 231, 232

divided leadership in 1775, 155

Pierce, William, 216

factionalism in, 67

Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 91, 92, 148,

Franklin and constitution of1776, 164-66,

149-50

213-14, 218-20

Plain Truth: Or, Serious Considerations on the Present

Franklin as clerk of Pennsylvania Assembly, 52,

State of the City of Philadelphia and Province of

59, 68

Pennsylvania
(Franklin), 55

William Franklin as clerk of Pennsylvania

Poe, Edgar Allan, 5-6

Assembly, 68, 94

politeness, 37-38, 43

Franklin as member of Pennsylvania Assembly,

Poor Richard’s Almanack
(Franklin)

68-69, 101

criticisms of, 6

Franklin as president of, 214-15

“Father Abraham’s Speech,” 83, 84, 274n60

Franklin as printer of Pennsylvania Assembly,

final edition of, 83-84

52

on keeping secrets, 16, 47

Franklin attempts to make crown colony of, 69,

Mellon influenced by, 240

82, 92-93, 95, 99-101, 102, 103, 124, 143,

people living their lives by, 3

155, 262nn80-81

as
Poor Richard Improved,
57

Franklin’s mission to Great Britain, 82, 92-93,

posthumous editions of, 239

262nn80-81

profitability of, 53

and French and Indian War, 78-81

on sin, 30

French associating Quakers with, 172-73

Pownall, Thomas, 94—95, 269n90

Germans immigrants in, 67, 71, 101, 259n30

Priestley, Joseph, 65, 86, 151

Paxton Boys uprising, 98-99

Pringle, Sir John, 86, 94, 133

political parties emerging in, 213-14

printers, 31, 52-53, 108, 246

as proprietary colony, 69, 92-93, 262nn80-81

professionals, gentry status of, 40-41

and Stamp Act, 111-12

Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge Among the

Virginia overtaken by, 245

British Plantations in America, A
(Franklin), 48

See also
Philadelphia

Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in

Pennsylvania Gazette
(newspaper), 52-53, 125

Pensilvania
(Franklin), 48, 95

Pennsylvania (Franklin) stove, 3, 45, 54

proverbs, 84, 182, 274n61

Peters, Richard, 47, 55, 56, 74

Putnam, Rufus, 38

Quakers

Smith, Adam, 56, 88

abolitionism of, 227, 228, 280n66

Smith, William, 38, 101, 233-34, 251n25, 281n77

becoming minority in Pennsylvania, 67

Smith, William, Sr., 75

Franklin dressing as Quaker, 180, 181

social mobility, 2, 240-41

in French view of Pennsylvania, 172—73

Society for Political Enquiries, 216

officials serving without pay, 217

Society for Promoting the Abolitionism of

party in Pennsylvania Assembly, 67, 68,

Slavery and the Relief of Negroes

100, 101

Unlawfully Held in Bondage, 227

Penn family opposed by, 69—70

Society of the Cincinnati, 218, 279n46

as Pennsylvania elite, 24

Sons of Liberty, 110-11 South Carolina, 110, 112

Ralph, James, 27, 46

Spectator
(Addison and Steele), 19-20

Ramsay, Allan, 94

Spencer, Archibald, 62-63

Randolph, Edmund, 209—10

spies, 185, 186-87, 275n76

Raynal, Abbe Guillaume, 181—82

Stamp Act (1765), 105-13

Read, Deborah.
See
Franklin, Deborah Read

Franklin’s House of Commons testimony on,

Read, John, 24

117-20

Republican party, 235, 236

Franklin’s response to, 107-8, 110, 111-13,

Republicans (Pennsylvania), 213—14

143

Revolution
See
American Revolution

Franklin’s satirical article on, 115

Rhode Island

as presuming colonies part of British

and Albany Plan of Union, 76

community, 265n21

attempt to transform into crown colony, 103

repeal of, 119-20, 121-22, 123

as corporate colony, 69

riots in response to, 109-12

and Stamp Act, 109, 110

Steele, Richard, 19-20, 35

Rittenhouse, David, 233

Stevenson, Margaret, 85, 90, 104, 131, 132

Robertson, William, 88

Stevenson, Mary (Polly)

Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth,

and Franklin becoming Frenchman, 172

Marquess of, 25, 119, 170, 171

Sally Franklin compared with, 132

Rogers, John, 32

Franklin lodges with, 85, 261n64

royal governors, 78, 102, 118

and Franklin on monarchy, 124

Royal Society, 64, 65, 86, 170, 186

at Franklin’s deathbed, 230

“Rules and Maxims for Promoting Matrimonial

Deborah Franklin sending her compliments to,

Happiness” (Franklin), 34

131

“Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be

Stiles, Ezra, 65, 229

Reduced to a Small One” (Franklin), 145

Strahan, William

Rush, Benjamin, 111—12, 164—65, 232, 281n70

on Franklin and Stamp Act repeal, 120

Rutledge, Edward, 167, 168

on Deborah Franklin coming to London, 89-90 Franklin meets in London, 86

Saint-Aubin, Augustin de,
176

and Franklin on becoming Londoner, 102

Sandwich, John Montagu, Earl of, 133, 150

and Franklin on cultural inferiority of colonies,

Saratoga, battle of, 190

95

Sargent, John, 159

and Franklin on doubts about his patriotism,

Seven Years (French and Indian) War, 78—81,

156

105,188

Franklin-Shirley letters published by, 116,

Shipley, Jonathan, 138, 160

260n45

Shirley, William, 77-78, 116, 260n45

and William Franklin’s imprisonment, 162

“Sketch of the Services of B. Franklin to the

and Franklin’s return to America in 1762, 98

United States” (Franklin), 223-24

Franklin’s unsent letter declaring enmity for,

slavery

157, 272n13

Franklin as slave owner, 56, 226

on Hillsborough confrontation, 138

Franklin on, 226-29

and Hutchinson letters affair, 269n90

in Virginia, 245

rise from obscure origins of, 25

smallpox inoculation, 45

urges Franklin to run for Parliament, 97

Stuber, Henry, 235

Waller, Benjamin, 25-26

Sugar Act (1764), 106-7

Walpole, Richard, 135

taxation

Walpole, Thomas, 135

Walpole (Grand Ohio) Company, 135-36

Franklin on internal versus external, 120, 130

Warren, Mercy Otis, 276n84

Parliament’s role in, 121

Washington, George

Pennsylvania proprietors refusing to pay taxes,

Adams’s jealousy of, 232

70, 79, 82

annual income of, 54

Sugar Act, 106-7

Bache attacking, 234

Townshend duties, 130, 136

as commander in chief during Revolution,

See also
Stamp Act

164

Tea Act (1773), 144

difficulty of identifying with, 1

Temple, John, 144, 269n90

education of, 18

Thomas, Robert, 238

eulogies for, 234

Thomson, Charles, 108, 120, 210, 222-23, 225,

Franklin as older than, 11

280n51

on Franklin as president of Pennsylvania,

Timothy, Peter, 112

William Franklin held in solitary confinem

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 16, 244, 245

by, 162

Todd, Anthony, 134

in French and Indian War, 78

Tories, 118, 122

and labor, 40, 237

Townshend, Charles, 130

marriage of, 33

Townshend duties, 130, 136

as president of Constitutional Convention

Treaty of Paris (1783), 210

public service of, 12, 217, 244

Treaty of Paris
(West),
199

on Quaker petition on slavery, 280n66

Tucker, Tom, 258n13

writing by, 20

Turner, Frederick Jackson, 3

Way to Wealth, The
(Franklin), 83-84

Twain, Mark, 4

editions of, 235, 239, 248n11, 274n60

United Party for Virtue, 42-43, 44, 56

social mobility and, 2 translation into French, 182

Vaughan, Benjamin, 202-4, 210

Webbe, John, 46, 47 Weber, Max, 7

Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Comte de

Wedderburn, Alexander, 146, 186, 191

Adams and, 195

Wedgwood, Josiah, 140,
141

as chief supporter of aiding Americans, 196

Weems, Parson Mason, 237, 239-40

and financial aid for Americans, 197-98,

Wentworth, Paul, 186, 190-91

199-200

West, Benjamin,
199

on Franklin and commerce, 183

Whately, Thomas, 141, 144, 269n90

Franklin as getting along with, 188

Whately, William, 144, 158

and Franklin’s negotiations with British, 190,

whiggism, 11

191

Whigs, 118, 122

Lee and,188

Whitefield, George, 81-82

and separate Anglo-American peace, 198-99

Whitmarsh, Thomas, 53-54

Veyne, Paul, 254n66

Wilkes, John, 127-29

Virginia

Wills, Garry, 1

and Albany Plan of Union, 75, 76

Wilson, Benjamin, 87,
87
,
89

Franklin’s recall from France supported by, 193

Wilson, James, 123

northern states surpassing, 245

work.
See
labor

and Stamp Act, 109 Voltaire, 172, 173, 180, 182, 231

Young, Arthur, 39