Stephen Hawking (52 page)

determinism, 29–30, 44–45, 353

Diamandis, Peter, 398

Diana, Princess, 241

Dicke, Robert, 129–130

Dilke, Fischer, 142

Dirac, Paul, 310

Disabled Persons Act, 226

Division Bell, The
, 368

Dix, Norman, 59

Donovan, Bob, 110

Dow, Graham, 16

E

Eddington, Arthur, 261

Efstathiou, George, 188–189

Einstein, Albert, 4, 26–27, 31, 34–43, 67, 86–88, 93–98, 114, 119, 122–125, 142, 156, 180, 195, 200, 203, 207, 222–224, 254, 271–273, 297, 300, 305, 331–332, 347–350, 355–357, 365, 368–370, 387, 407

Einstein-Rosen bridge, 347–350

electromagnetic waves, 31–33, 207

“electroweak,” 301

Elizabeth II, Queen, 4, 241

Ellis, George, 75, 83, 111–112, 118, 149–150

Englert, François, 388

expanding universe

acceleration of, 382

baby universes and, 346–347

Big Bang and, 135, 214–215, 246–248

black holes and, 346–347

bubble universes and, 249–251, 258

redshift and, 124–126

relativity theory and, 31, 40–41, 46, 93–96

theories on, 31, 40–41, 93–96

extrasensory perception (ESP), 18

F

Fahri, Edward, 250–253

false vacuum, 245–254, 258, 388

Faraday, Michael, 403

Feaver, Canon, 19

Ferguson, Kitty, 271

fermions, 386

Ferneyhaugh, Roger, 11, 13

Feynman, Richard, 181–182, 207, 209, 212–213, 267, 372, 383–384, 404, 410

First Three Minutes, The
, 95, 131

Flatland
, 381

Fletcher, Christopher, 22

Ford, Harrison, 314

Fowler, Willy, 132–133, 136

free will, 29–30, 45–46, 353

Freedman, Daniel, 265

Freedman, Gordon, 329–332, 336

G

Galfard, Christophe, 405

Galilei, Galileo, 1, 6, 120, 198, 212, 222–223, 237, 297

Gamow, George, 128

Gandhi, Indira, 47, 273

Gates, Bill, 373

Gell-Mann, Murray, 147

General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey
, 222

Gibbons, Gary, 231, 247, 334

Glass, Philip, 336

God, 194–200, 379–386, 402–403

“God particle,” 386

Golding, William, 11

Good Housekeeping
, 394

Gore, Al, 374

Gott, Richard, 248

Graham, Billy, 16

Grand Design, The
, 385, 402, 404

Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), 302

“granny paradox,” 352–354

gravitinos, 303–304

gravitons, 303–306

gravity, law of, 27–31, 35–39, 196, 308

gravity, quantum theory of, 299–306, 358

Green, Michael, 306, 400

Greenfield, Susan, 380, 403

Guth, Alan, 217–218, 245, 250–253

Guzzardi, Peter, 264–274, 278, 280–287, 316, 333

H

Handel, George, 322

Hartle, James, 212

Hawking
, 394

Hawking, Edward, 15

Hawking, Elaine, 374–376, 391–394.
See also
Mason, Elaine

Hawking, Frank, 6–8, 14–15, 21–22, 48–49, 74, 106, 417

Hawking, Isobel, 6–7, 14–16, 106, 293–294, 318, 334, 376, 417

Hawking, Jane, 105–111, 139, 148, 182–187, 190–201, 224–225, 236, 242, 276–279, 337–343, 360, 375–376, 392–395, 413–416.
See also
Wilde, Jane

Hawking, Lucy, 143, 165, 183, 190, 236, 242, 340, 375–376, 395, 398, 404–406

Hawking, Mary, 15, 74, 417

Hawking, Philippa, 15, 417

Hawking, Robert, 190, 242, 340, 376, 404

Hawking, Stephen

achievements of, 4–5

alleged abuse of, 391–393

awards for, 191, 204–205, 220–222, 225, 241–242, 319–322, 337–338, 399–400

baby universes and, 244–259

Big Bang and, 86–101

birth of, 6–7

black holes and, 86–101, 159–178

breakthrough years of, 138–158

childhood of, 6–15

children of, 115, 143, 165, 183, 190, 224, 340, 404–406

college years of, 47–85

divorce of, 360, 394

doctoral thesis of, 78–85

early years of, 6–24

education of, 8–24, 47–63, 66–85

fame of, 179–205, 313–344

as global icon, 390–419

illness of, 67–74, 80–81, 103, 111–114, 224–226, 275–278, 398–399

marriage of, 105–111, 374–375

Multiverse and, 379–389

paralysis of, 4, 71, 189–190, 195, 203, 205, 367, 411

quantum theory and, 206–213

as science celebrity, 220–243

singular solutions and, 122–137

as superstar, 359–378

teenage years of, 20–24

time travel and, 345–358

tracheostomy operation on, 276–278, 280, 399, 416

views on disabilities, 224–229

views on “end” of physics, 298–312

views on political issues, 227–230

views on religion, 16–18, 194–200, 379–386, 402–403

work routine of, 233–235

Hawking, Timothy, 190, 224, 236, 242, 280, 290, 335, 339–343, 376, 392–395, 404

“Hawking factor,” 418

Hawking Radiation, 155–157, 175–177, 221, 246–248, 252, 356–358

Heath, Edward, 143

Heisenberg, Werner, 44

Hellyer-Jones, Jonathan, 376, 395, 414, 417

Hertog, Thomas, 384

Herts Advertiser
, 23

Hewish, Antony, 221

Hickman, David, 330, 332–333, 335–336

Higgs, Peter, 387–388

Higgs Boson, 386–388

Higgs field, 386–389

Hodgkin, Alan, 157

Holly, Buddy, 47

Horizon
, 241, 330

Hoyle, Fred, 63, 68, 77–80, 132–133, 136, 139, 168, 261

Hubble, Edwin, 40

Huffington Post, The
, 411

Huxley, Aldous, 11

Huxley, Julian, 5

I

Illustrated Brief History of Time, The
, 362

Independent
magazine, 292

infinite density, 90–93, 97, 122–123, 206–207, 212

Infinity Puzzle, The
, 386

inflation theory, 217–218, 246

inverse-square law, 28, 31, 39, 381

Israel, Werner, 164, 222

J

Jackson, Michael, 291

Jacob, Maurice, 276

Jaded
, 405

Jenkins, Simon, 291, 295

Joad, Cyril, 5

John Paul II, Pope, 237–239

John XXIII, Pope, 237

Jones, Felicity, 413, 415–416

K

Kelvin, Lord, 144

Kennedy, John F., 66

Key to the Universe
, 203–204

Kim, Sung-Won, 356–357

King, Basil, 11, 22

King, Billie Jean, 399

Kolb, Edward, 314–315

L

Laflamme, Raymond, 275

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 386–387

Large Scale Structure of Spacetime, The
, 149–151, 205, 239–240

law of gravity, 27–29, 196, 308

Lawrence, D. H., 117

Leibniz, Gottfried, 326, 329

Leigh, Nigel, 409

Lennon, John, 238

Levin, Bernard, 292, 294

Lewis, C. S., 11

light, speed of, 31–37, 43, 98, 254, 348, 356, 387

light beams, 38–42, 207, 247, 355

Linde, Andrei, 218, 245, 248, 253, 297, 325–327

Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos
, 201

Lou Gehrig's disease, 71.
See also
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

LUCE (Logical Uniselector Computing Engine), 22–24

Lynden-Bell, Donald, 139

Lynn, Vera, 5

M

MacLaine, Shirley, 3–4

Macmillan, Harold, 55

Maddox, John, 290

Mahler, Gustav, 11, 111

Marsh, James, 413

Marsh, William Thomas, 19

Masey, Sue, 391, 393

Mason, David, 316, 339, 342, 374–376

Mason, Elaine, 339, 342, 374–376, 391–395, 414, 416.
See also
Hawking, Elaine

mass and energy, 42, 97–98, 248–250

Master of the Universe
, 320, 330, 343

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
, 29

Maupassant, Guy de, 11

Maxwell, James Clerk, 31–34, 36, 75, 299–300, 308–309

McCarten, Anthony, 413

McClenahan, John, 11, 15, 21–22, 55, 69, 74

McKellen, Ian, 391

meta-universe, 246.
See also
Multiverse

Milky Way Galaxy, 40–41, 92, 124–127, 160

Millikan, Robert, 180

Mitton, Simon, 139–142, 150–151, 222, 239–240, 260–264, 284

Mlodinow, Leonard, 402, 404

momentum, 42–45

Monroe, Marilyn, 66, 319, 334–335, 342, 369

moon landing, 118

Morris, Errol, 331–337, 361

Morris, Michael, 350

motor neuron disease, 71–72, 293–294, 366, 379, 411.
See also
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Mountbatten, Lord, 224

moving objects, 28–37

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 11, 146

M-theory, 380–385, 403

Multiverse, 246, 248, 257, 379–389

Music to Move the Stars
, 376, 413

N

Narlikar, Jayant, 78–80

Nature
, 154, 177–178, 289, 290

Needham, Joseph, 104–105

neurological disease, 71–72

neutron stars, 26–27, 89, 92, 127–128, 161–162, 175

New York Times
, 241, 264, 267

News of the World
, 333

Newsweek
, 241, 299

Newton, Isaac, 26–31, 34–39, 44–45, 105, 120, 196, 222–223, 297–299, 305–306, 309, 326, 329, 368–370, 400

Newtonian physics, 26, 29, 34–37, 40, 45, 299–300

Nobel, Alfred, 221

Novikov, Igor, 346, 351, 352

nuclear reactions, 87, 98–99

nuclear weapons, 230, 373

nucleosynthesis, 100, 132–133

O

Oasis, 374

Obama, Barack, 399

Observatory
magazine, 346

occult interests, 18

OK Computer
, 368

Ono, Yoko, 238

Overbye, Dennis, 144, 201–202, 232

P

Page, Don, 182, 185–186, 199, 225, 316, 336

Parsons, Jim, 396

particle accelerators, 35–36, 174, 301

“path integral” approach, 207–210, 214

Penrose, Roger, 82–84, 104, 119–122, 134–136, 141, 144, 149, 153–155, 164–166, 171–172, 235–236, 321, 383

Penzias, Arno, 130

photoelectric effect, 42

Physical Review
, 316, 357, 384

Physical Review Letters
, 351

physics, “end” of, 298–312

Physics Today
, 328

Physics World
, 370

Picasso, Pablo, 291

Pink Floyd, 368

Planck, Max, 43–44

Planck's constant, 43–45, 173, 211, 254, 347–348

Poitier, Sidney, 399

Polchinski, Joe, 352

political issues, 227–230

Popper, Karl, 120–121

Priestley, J. B., 5

“primeval atom,” 93–96, 237

Principia
, 29

Pryke, Colonel, 19, 20

pulsars, 26–27, 126–128, 134–136

Purcell, Henry, 322

Q

quantum chromodynamics (QCD), 301–304

quantum electrodynamics (QED), 300–301

quantum fluctuations, 252–253, 358, 382

quantum mechanics

equations of, 44–45

M-theory and, 380–385

relativity theory and, 26, 152, 204–212, 274, 291

sum-over-histories and, 354

quantum physics

gravity and, 35

inflation theory and, 217–218

relativity theory and, 27, 177–178, 309

uncertainty principle of, 172

workings of, 45–46, 309, 356–357

quantum theory

developing, 41

particles and, 174–175

principle of, 89, 211–213, 381–382

relativity theory and, 26–27, 164, 206–213, 301–309

quantum uncertainty, 172–174, 251, 258, 356

quarks, 301–303, 309, 386

quasars, 123–127, 134, 255

R

radio noise, 123, 126–127

radio “stars,” 123–124

radio waves, 31–32, 123, 129

Rayfield, Lee, 403

Reagan, Ronald, 238, 273

Redmayne, Eddie, 413–417

redshifts, 124–126, 129

Rees, Martin, 75, 83, 110, 153, 255–257, 299, 402, 407

relativity theory, 26–27.
See also
theory of relativity

religious views, 16–18, 30, 194–200, 379–386, 402–403

Rolling Stones, 118

Rosen, Nathan, 347

Run for Your Life
, 405

Russell, Bertrand, 11, 143, 288

Ryle, Martin, 221

S

Sadat, Anwar, 240

Sagan, Carl, 348, 350

Sandage, Allan, 123

Sandars, Patrick, 57

Schaefer, Fritz, 371–372

Scherk, Joël, 304

Schmidt, Maarten, 123, 124

Schramm, David, 148, 314–315, 341–342

Schramm, Judy, 148

Schwarz, John, 304

Schwarzschild horizon, 123

Schwarzschild radius, 90–91

Sciama, Dennis, 68–69, 72–76, 80–85, 103–104, 119, 149, 153–158, 236, 266, 313–314, 334

Sciama, Lydia, 236

Scientific American
, 172

Shakeshaft, John, 150

Shakespeare, William, 105, 200, 295

Siegfried Idyll
, 360

Simpsons, The
, 396

singularity theory

Big Bang and, 160

black holes and, 82–85, 90–94, 111, 134–137, 159–168

infinite density and, 90–94, 122–123, 206

M-theory and, 383

Smith, Alex Mackenzie, 405

socio-political issues, 227–230

solar masses, 89–91, 125–126, 161–162

space and time, 35–40, 214–215, 350.
See also
spacetime

space travel, 350, 397–398, 401, 417

space warp, 35