Shogun (The Asian Saga Chronology)

Published by

Delacorte Press

Bantan Doubleday Day Publishing Group, Inc.

666 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10103

Copyright © 1975 by James Clavell

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the Publisher, except where permitted by law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Clavell, James

Shōgun

1. Japan—History—Tokugawa period, 1600–1868—Fiction.

I. Title.  II. Title: Shōgun.

PR6053.L365S5   1983     823′.914     82–19788

ISBN: 0–385–29224–4

Manufactured in the United States of America

Published simultaneously in Canada

10 9 8 7 6 5 4

RRH

For two seafarers, Captains, Royal Navy,

Who loved their ships more than their women

—as was expected of them.

AUTHOR’S NOTE

I would like to thank all those here, in Asia, and in Europe—the living and the dead—who helped to make this novel possible.

Lookoout Mountain, California

PROLOGUE

The gale tore at him and he felt its bite deep within and he knew that if they did not make landfall in three days they would all be dead.  Too many deaths on this voyage, he thought, I'm Pilot-Major of a dead fleet.  One ship left out of five—eight and twenty men from a crew of one hundred and seven and now only ten can walk and the rest near death and our Captain-General one of them.  No food, almost no water and what there is, brackish and foul.

His name was John Blackthorne and he was alone on deck but for the bowsprit lookout—Salamon the mute—who huddled in the lee, searching the sea ahead.

The ship heeled in a sudden squall and Blackthorne held on to the arm of the seachair that was lashed near the wheel on the quarterdeck until she righted, timbers squealing.  She was the
Erasmus
, two hundred and sixty tons, a three-masted trader-warship out of Rotterdam, armed with twenty cannon and sole survivor of the first expeditionary force sent from the Netherlands to ravage the enemy in the New World.  The first Dutch ships ever to breach the secrets of the Strait of Magellan.  Four hundred and ninety-six men, all volunteers.  All Dutch except for three Englishmen—two pilots, one officer.  Their orders: to plunder Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the New World and put them to the torch; to open up permanent trading concessions; to discover new islands in the Pacific Ocean that could serve as permanent bases and to claim the territory for the Netherlands; and, within three years, to come home again.

Protestant Netherlands had been at war with Catholic Spain for more than four decades, struggling to throw off the yoke of their hated Spanish masters.  The Netherlands, sometimes called Holland, Dutchland, or the Low Countries, were still legally part of the Spanish Empire.  England, their only allies, the first country in Christendom to break with the Papal Court at Rome and become Protestant some seventy-odd years ago, had also been warring on Spain for the last twenty years, and openly allied with the Dutch for a decade.

The wind freshened even more and the ship lurched.  She was riding under bare poles but for storm tops'ls.  Even so the tide and the storm bore her strongly toward the darkening horizon.

There's more storm there, Blackthorne told himself, and more reefs and more shoals.  And unknown sea.  Good.  I've set myself against the sea all my life and I've always won.  I always will.

First English pilot ever to get through Magellan's Pass.  Yes, the first—and first pilot ever to sail these Asian waters, apart from a few bastard Portuguese or motherless Spaniards who still think they own the world.  First Englishman in these seas. . . .

So many firsts.  Yes.  And so many deaths to win them.

Again he tasted the wind and smelled it, but there was no hint of land.  He searched the ocean but it was dull gray and angry.  Not a fleck of seaweed or splash of color to give a hint of a sanding shelf.  He saw the spire of another reef far on the starboard quarter but that told him nothing.  For a month now outcrops had threatened them, but never a sight of land.  This ocean's endless, he thought.  Good.  That's what you were trained for—to sail the unknown sea, to chart it and come home again.  How many days from home?  One year and eleven months and two days.  The last landfall Chile, one hundred and thirty-three days aft, across the ocean Magellan had first sailed eighty years ago called Pacific.

Blackthorne was famished and his mouth and body ached from the scurvy.  He forced his eyes to check the compass course and his brain to calculate an approximate position.  Once the plot was written down in his rutter—his sea manual—he would be safe in this speck of the ocean.  And if he was safe, his ship was safe and then together they might find the Japans, or even the Christian King Prester John and his Golden Empire that legend said lay to the north of Cathay, wherever Cathay was.

And with my share of the riches I'll sail on again, westward for home, first English pilot ever to circumnavigate the globe, and I'll never leave home again.  Never.  By the head of my son!

The cut of the wind stopped his mind from wandering and kept him awake.  To sleep now would be foolish.  You'll never wake from that sleep, he thought, and stretched his arms to ease the cramped muscles in his back and pulled his cloak tighter around him.  He saw that the sails were trimmed and the wheel lashed secure.  The bow lookout was awake.  So patiently he settled back and prayed for land.

"Go below, Pilot.  I take this watch if it pleases you."  The third mate, Hendrik Specz, was pulling himself up the gangway, his face gray with fatigue, eyes sunken, skin blotched and sallow.  He leaned heavily against the binnacle to steady himself, retching a little.  "Blessed Lord Jesus, piss on the day I left Holland."

"Where's the mate, Hendrik?"

"In his bunk.  He can't get out of his
scheit voll
bunk.  And he won't—not this side of Judgment Day."

"And the Captain-General?"

"Moaning for food and water."  Hendrik spat.  "I tell him I roast him a capon and bring it on a silver platter with a bottle of brandy to wash it down. 
Scheit-huis!  Coot!
"

"Hold your tongue!"

"I will, Pilot.  But he's a maggot-eaten fool and we'll be dead because of him."  The young man retched and brought up mottled phlegm.  "Blessed Lord Jesus help me!"

"Go below.  Come back at dawn."

Hendrik lowered himself painfully into the other seachair.  "There's the reek of death below.  I take the watch if it pleases you.  What's the course?"

"Wherever the wind takes us."

"Where's the landfall you promised us?  Where's the Japans—where is it, I ask?"

"Ahead."

"Always ahead! 
Gottimhimmel
, it wasn't in our orders to sail into the unknown.  We should be back home by now, safe, with our bellies full, not chasing St. Elmo's fire."

"Go below or hold your tongue."

Sullenly Hendrik looked away from the tall bearded man.  Where are we now? he wanted to ask.  Why can't I see the secret rutter?  But he knew you don't ask those questions of a pilot, particularly this one.  Even so, he thought, I wish I was as strong and healthy as when I left Holland.  Then I wouldn't wait.  I'd smash your gray-blue eyes now and stamp that maddening half-smile off your face and send you to the hell you deserve.  Then I'd be Captain-Pilot and we'd have a Netherlander running the ship—not a foreigner—and the secrets would be safe for us.  Because soon we'll be at war with you English.  We want the same thing:  to command the sea, to control all trade routes, to dominate the New World, and to strangle Spain.

"Perhaps there is no Japans," Hendrik muttered suddenly.  "It's
Gottbewonden
legend."

"It exists.  Between latitudes thirty and forty north.  Now hold your tongue or go below."

"There's death below, Pilot," Hendrik muttered and put his eyes ahead, letting himself drift.

Blackthorn shifted in his seachair, his body hurting worse today.  You're luckier than most, he thought, luckier than Hendrik.  No, not luckier.  More careful.  You conserved your fruit while the others consumed theirs carelessly.  Against your warnings.  So now your scurvy is still mild whereas the others are constantly hemorrhaging, their bowels diarrhetic, their eyes sore and rheumy, and their teeth lost or loose in their heads.  Why is it men never learn?

He knew they were all afraid of him, even the Captain-General, and that most hated him.  But that was normal, for it was the pilot who commanded at sea; it was he who set the course and ran the ship, he who brought them from port to port.

Any voyage today was dangerous because the few navigational charts that existed were so vague as to be useless.  And there was absolutely no way to fix longitude.

"Find how to fix longitude and you're the richest man in the world," his old teacher, Alban Caradoc, had said.  "The Queen, God bless her, 'll give you ten thousand pound and a dukedom for the answer to the riddle.  The dung-eating Portuguese'll give you more—a golden galleon.  And the motherless Spaniards'll give you twenty!  Out of sight of land you're always lost, lad."  Caradoc had paused and shaken his head sadly at him as always.  "You're lost, lad.  Unless . . ."

"Unless you have a rutter!"  Blackthorne had shouted happily, knowing that he had learned his lessons well.  He was thirteen then and had already been apprenticed a year to Alban Caradoc, pilot and shipwright, who had become the father he had lost, who had never beaten him but taught him and the other boys the secrets of shipbuilding and the intimate way of the sea.

A rutter was a small book containing the detailed observation of a pilot
who had been there before
.  It recorded magnetic compass courses between ports and capes, headlands and channels.  It noted the sounding and depths and color of the water and the nature of the seabed.  It set down the
how we got there and how we got back:
  how many days on a special tack, the pattern of the wind, when it blew and from where, what currents to expect and from where; the time of storms and the time of fair winds; where to careen the ship and where to water; where there were friends and where foes; shoals, reefs, tides, havens; at best,
everything
necessary for a safe voyage.

The English, Dutch, and French had rutters for their own waters, but the waters of the rest of the world had been sailed only by captains from Portugal and Spain, and these two countries considered all rutters secret.  Rutters that revealed the seaways to the New World or unraveled the mysteries of the Pass of Magellan and the Cape of Good Hope—both Portuguese discoveries—and thence the seaways to Asia were guarded as national treasures by the Portuguese and Spanish, and sought after with equal ferocity by their Dutch and English enemies.

But a rutter was only as good as the pilot who wrote it, the scribe who hand-copied it, the very rare printer who printed it, or the scholar who translated it.  A rutter could therefore contain errors.  Even deliberate ones.  A pilot never knew for certain
until he had been there himself
.  At least once.

At sea the pilot was leader, sole guide, and final arbiter of the ship and her crew.  Alone he commanded from the quarterdeck.

That's heady wine, Blackthorne told himself.  And once sipped, never to be forgotten, always to be sought, and always necessary.  That's one of the things that keep you alive when others die.