School Lunch Politics (49 page)

Callahan, Tom

calorie charts

Capps, Lois

Carmona, Dr. Richard

Carnegie, Andrew

Carnegie Corporation

Casa Christina Foods

Castle, Mike

Catholic Conference

celebrity chefs

Centers for Disease Control

centralization, of urban school lunch programs

charitable organizations, as providers of school lunches

Chatfield, George H.

Chavez-Hansen, Helen

Chicago public schools

Chicago World's Fair

Child Health Organization of America

Child Nutrition Act (1966)

Children's Bureau

children's fees, for school lunch

Church Women United.
See also
Committee on School Lunch Participation

Citizen's Board

Citizen's Crusade Against Poverty (Citizen's Board of Inquiry)

civil rights movement

Clark, Joseph

Clevenger, Cliff

Colorado

Columbia Teachers College; Nutrition Program

combo meals

Committee on Food Habits (CFH)

Committee on School Lunch Participation (CSLP)

Community School Lunch Program

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Connecticut

Consumer Marketing Service (CMS)

consumer price index

convenience foods, in school lunch program

Cooley, Harold D.

Coordinating Committee on School

Lunches

Corson, Juliet

cultural change, as part of school lunch

Cummings, Richard O.

Dade County, Florida, and fast-food model

Dairymen's League

Dakara

Davis, Chester

Davis, Howard P.

Davis, Michael M., Jr.

Dawson, Howard

Dean, Virgil W.

Debs, Eugene V.

decentralization, of National School Lunch Program

Democratic party.
See also
southern Democrats Dickins, Dorothy

Dickinson, M. F.

dietetics

dieting

dietitians

diversity, in student populations

“domestic allotment” policy

domestic ideal

domestic science.
See also
home economics; nutrition science Domino's Pizza

Dondero, Anthony

dropouts, from school lunch program

dumping of food, in school lunch programs.
See also
surplus commodities

Dunbar, Leslie

Dunfermline Scale

eating habits

eating out

economic segregation, in school lunch program

Eisenhower, President Dwight David

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

eligibility standards

Eliot, Harriet

Eliot, Martha May

Ellender, Allen

“entitlement foods,”

ethnic foods, in school lunch menus

Fair Deal

Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)

Fairfax, Jean

family model, for school lunchroom

family responsibility

farm price protection

Farm Security Administration

farm support.
See also
surplus commodities Farrel, Grace

fast-food industry

fast-food model, for school lunches

federal government, and school lunch program.
See
legislation; USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

federal power, and school lunch politics

federal standards, for school lunch program; need for.
See also
national standards, development of; nutrition guidelines, federal

Field Foundation

Finegold, Kenneth

Fisher, George

Fisher, M.F.K.

Flambert, Richard

Flanagan, Thelma

Flannagan, John

Florida

Florida citrus industry

Folger, John Hamlin

food, and American culture

Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

Food and Nutrition Service

food choice

food courts, in school cafeterias

Food for Peace program

food groups

food industry: and development of RDAs; role in school lunch program; and surplus commodities

food policy: in Cold War era; during Nixon administration; and nutrition science; during World War II

food prices

food processing industry

food rationing, during World War II

food reform

food service, citywide

food-service industry

food shortages, wartime

food stamp program

food substitution theory.
See
nutrition substitution theory

food technology

Foreman, Carol Tucker

fortification of foods

fraud, in free-lunch program

Frederick, Len

free lunch mandate

free lunch program: criticism of; local/state; as measure of poverty; participation in

Freeman, Orville

free meals for poor children.
See also
free lunch mandate; poverty

Frist, Bill

funding, for free lunch program

funding, for school lunch program: children's fees; federal; private; state/local

gender roles.
See also
working mothers

General Federation of Women's Clubs

Georgia

Gephardt, Dick

Gereau, Mary Condon

Gillett, Lucy

Godell, Charles

Goldstein, Carolyn M.

Goodling, Bill

Grange, the

Great Britain: and nutrition science; and school lunch program

Great Depression.
See also
New Deal grocery stores, chain

Gussow, Jean

Gwynne, John Williams

Haas, Ellen

Hall, Sidney B.

Hamilton, Charles V.

Harless, Richard F.

Harrington, Michael

Hartog, Hendrik

Head Start Program

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of (HEW)

Healthier Options for Public Schoolchildren (HOPS)

height-weight tables

Heinz, Henry J., III

Hershey, Lewis B.

Hill, A. V.

Hoagland, G. William

home economics.
See also
food-service industry

home economists, and development of national standards

Hoover, Herbert

Hoover Institute

household surveys

housewives: and food reform; immigrant; in poor households.
See also
working mothers

Howell, Laura

Hughes, Phillip

hunger.
See also
anti-hunger movement; malnutrition

Hunt, Caroline L.

immigrants, as targets of food reform

immigration

income qualification, for free lunch

Independent Grocer's Association

industrialization

institutional kitchens, development of

Interagency Task Force on Nutrition and Adequate Diets (Johnson administration)

Internet

Iowa

Jackson, Jesse

Jacobson, Michael

Javits, Jacob

Jensen, Richard J.

Johnson, Lyndon Baines

Jones, Marvin

junk food: in American diet; in schools

Keely, Keith

Kelly, Mary C.

Kennedy, John F.

Kennedy, Robert

Kentucky

Kerr, James

ketchup controversy kitchen: domestic; institutional.
See also
school lunchroom

Kitridge, Mabel

Knutson, Harold

Kotz, Nick

Kramer, John

kwashiorkor

Kyrk, Hazel

labor movement

Lanier, William L.

Las Vegas school system, and fast-food model

La Tapatia Tortilleria

Latham, Michael

lawsuits, regarding free lunch programs

League of Nations

legislation, British: Education Act (1944); Provision of Meals Act (1905)

legislation, federal: Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933); Child Nutrition Act (1966); Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA); National School Lunch Program (1946) (see National School Lunch Program); P.L. 480; SheppardTowner Act; Smith-Hughes Act; Smith-Lever Act (1914); Social Security Act (1935)

Leonard, Rodney

Levenstein, Harvey M.

Levin-Epstein, Jody

liberalism, and passage of National School Lunch Program

liberals: and anti-hunger movement; and free lunch mandate

Lieberman, Robert C.

Liserson, William M.

local jurisdictions: and administration of free lunch programs; and eligibility standards; and privatization; and school lunch contracts

Los Angeles school district

Louisiana

MacDonald, Dwight

malnutrition; among army recruits; and food choice; during Great Depression; measuring; and World War I

malnutrition scare

malnutrition studies

manpower strength, wartime concern for

Margolin, Olya

Marriott International

Martz, T. W.

Massachusetts

maternalism.
See also
women's campaign, for free lunch program

Mayer, Jean

McBride, Sean

McCarthy, Eugene

McDonald's

McGovern, George

McPherson, Harry, Jr.

Mead, Margaret

meals, low cost, for working-class families

Meegan, Joseph

Mertz, Paul E.

middle class, and nutrition science

Milam, Lottie

military feeding operations

Mink, Gwendolyn

misreporting, on free-lunch applications

missionaries, food reformers as

Missouri

MIT

Mitchell, Helen

Mitchell, Maria

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick

NAACP; Legal Defense Fund (LDF)

National Council of Catholic Women (NCCW).
See also
Committee on School Lunch Participation

National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW).
See also
Committee on School Lunch Participation

National Council of Negro Women (NCNW).
See also
Committee on School Lunch Participation

National Council on Hunger and Malnutrition in the United States

National Education Association

“National Food Guide” (USDA)

National Nutrition Conference for Defense (1941)

National Research Council

National School Lunch Program (1946); administration of; budget cuts; congressional hearings on; criticism of; CSLP survey of; decentralization of; limitations of; opposition to; participation in; and Powell amendment; reform movement; rural bias.
See also
free lunch program; USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) National Soft Drink Association

national standards, development of

National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO)

National Youth Administration

New Deal

New England Kitchen (NEK)

New York City public schools; and fast-food model

New York state

Nixon, Richard

nondiscrimination, in school lunch program

nutrition education; for school children

nutrition equivalents

nutrition guidelines, federal

“nutrition in the national defense” campaign

nutritionists

nutrition reformers.
See
food reform

nutrition research

nutrition science; development of; and food reform.
See also
food reform

nutrition standards, international

nutrition substitution theory

obesity

Ockey, William C.

Offer, Avner

Office of Civilian Defense

Ogden Corporation

Operation Breadbasket

Orshansky, Mollie

overeating

Paarlberg, Don

Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs)

Parran, Thomas

Peabody Women's College

“penny milk” program

Perkins, Carl

Perkins, Milo

Perryman, John

Phillips, Velma

physicians, and documentation of malnutrition

Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine

pizza, as menu item

Pizza Hut

Poage, William Robert

Poor People's Campaign

Poppendieck, Janet

pouring rights contracts

poverty: culture of; discovery of; as focus of school lunch program; measurement of; rural.
See also
antipoverty movement

poverty line

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.

Powell amendment

prison food service

privatization, of school lunch programs

Progressive Era, and food reform

“protective foods,”

/files/17/96/01/f179601/public/private partnership, for school lunch

program

Pucinski, Roman

racial inequality, in school lunch programs

racial issues, in school lunch politics.
See also
civil rights movement

racial segregation

Rankin, John Elliot

RDAs

Reagan, President Ronald

Reagan administration budget cuts

recipes, standardized

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Red Cross

Remsberg, Charles

Republican party

Reuter, Richard W.

Rhode Island, and privatization

Richards, Ellen

Richmond, Julius

right to candy

right to lunch

Rizley, Ross

Roberts, Lydia

Robins, Florence

Roosevelt, President Franklin D.

Rose, Mary Swartz

Rossiter, Margaret

Rumford Kitchen

Russell, Richard

Sabath, Adolph J.

Sanchez, George

Scheuer, James

Schnittker, John A.

School Breakfast Program

school cooks

school food service.
See also
American School Food Service Association (ASFSA); food-service industry

school lunch: institutionalization of; as public policy

school lunch bureaucracy.
See also
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

school lunch contracts, federal

school lunches: and obesity problem; reduced portions.
See also
fastfood industry; junk food school lunch menus

school lunch programs: early efforts; local initiatives; and surplus marketing strategy; as welfare program.
See also
National School Lunch Program (1946) school lunchroom