Safe Food: The Politics of Food Safety (74 page)

Pathogenicity of microbes,
28
,
35
,
40

Pathogen reduction programs,
90
,
91
,
94
–97,
99
,
104
–7,
112
,
113
,
119
,
120
,
128
–29,
138
,
269
,
273
,
274

performance standards for,
84
–85,
90
,
96
,
97
,
104
–5,
113
,
128
,
134
,
137

See also
HACCP

Peanut butter,
286
,
290
–92

Peanut Corporation of America (PCA),
286
,
291

Penicillin,
176
,
177
,
258

Peppers,
286
,
290

PepsiCo,
8

Pesticides,
3
,
4
,
9
,
19
,
21
,
33
,
34
,
56
,
92
,
146
,
147
,
151
,
180
,
181
,
183
,
184
,
189
,
191
,
192
,
216
–19,
248
,
278

euphemisms for,
196
,
217
–18

Pests,
3
,
9
,
56
,
151
,
180
,
181
,
189
,
191
,
195
–96,
210
,
214
,
217

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals),
280

Pet food,
253
–54,
282
,
286
,
287
–88

Pet Food Politics
(Nestle), viii,
287
,
288

Petrini, Carlo,
277

Pew Charitable Trust,
167
,
168
,
290

Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, vii,
295

Pharmaceutical industry,
46
,
47
,
195
,
259
–60

Pharmacia,
150
,
232

Philip Morris,
8
,
9

Philippines,
159
,
238

Pillsbury Company,
67
–68,
89

Pioneer Hi-Bred,
174
,
227
,
228

Pistachio nuts,
286
,
292
–93

Pizza,
57
,
57
,
133
,
214

Pizza Hut,
8

Plant Genetic Systems,
3
,
4
,
6
,
7

Plant Pest Act,
195
–96

Plasmids,
177
,
301
–2,
302
–3
,
354
n1

“Poke-and-sniff” method,
52
,
65
–66,
68
,
70
,
96

Political relations

and actions needed for food safety,
272
,
273
,
274
–75

and animal antibiotics,
47

and antibiotechnology advocacy,
139
,
140
,
152
,
160
,
161
–64,
189
,
190
,
200
,
213
,
240
–45,
242
,
243

and biotechnology,
2
,
11
,
12
,
14
,
16
,
139
–42,
153
,
159
–60,
170
,
171
,
185
,
191
,
193
,
197
,
215
,
216
,
219
,
221
,
222
,
235
,
240
–45,
246

and campaign contributions,
65

and cattle diseases,
250
,
251
,
255

and consumer groups,
1
–2,
11
,
12
,
16
,
275

and foodborne microbes,
24
,
29
,
83
,
92
,
94
,
95
,
96
,
107
,
281
,
291
,
295

and food industry,
1
–2,
11
,
12
,
14
,
16
,
31
,
60
,
65
,
80
,
92
,
94
,
95
,
107
,
142
,
251

and food security,
262

and government regulation,
1
–2,
11
,
12
,
16
,
60
,
80
,
91
–92,
94
,
95
,
96
,
107
,
133
,
142
,
191
,
197
,
216
,
219

and international trade,
48
,
115
,
116
–17,
137
–38

and organic foods,
233

and patent rights,
228

and pharmaceutical industry,
47

and poverty,
142
,
162

and public interest,
14

and reductionism,
142

and reorganization of government oversight,
113
,
130
–37,
137
,
274

and risk assessment,
16
,
18
,
20
,
23
,
24
,
30
,
215
,
221

and science-based approach,
16
,
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
,
47
,
60
,
171
,
222
,
223
,
233
,
235
–36,
242
,
245
,
247
,
250
,
304

and terrorism,
271

and value-based approach,
18
,
21

Pollan, Michael,
277

“Pollution,” genetic,
see
Genetic “pollution”

Population growth,
139
,
146
,
149

Pork,
31
,
44
,
46
,
52
,
57
,
59
,
62
,
95
,
284

Potatoes, genetically modified,
187
,
210
,
245

Potrykus, Ingo,
157
,
159
–60,
162
,
163
,
166
,
244
,
327
n26

Poultry

exported,
115

imported,
114

infected,
34
,
37
,
46
,
54
,
57
–59,
95
,
115
,
134
,
259

processing of,
44

by irradiation,
122
,
125

slaughter of,
44
,
59

treated with antibiotics,
47
,
259

Poultry industry

accountability of,
129

government alliance with,
62
,
63
,
65

government influenced by,
79
–80,
91
,
92
,
94

government inspection of,
54
,
55
,
56
,
57
–59,
66
,
70
,
79
,
80
–81,
108
,
109
,
134

government regulation of,
62
,
63
,
66
,
79
–81

and fragmentation of regulatory authority,
55
,
57
,
57
,
58

by HACCP,
88
,
90
,
91
,
94
,
95
,
96
,
108

and safe handling labels,
76

largest producer in,
79
,
101

and resistance to government regulation,
63
,
65
,
72
,
79
,
107
,
120

responsibility denied by,
63
,
75
,
110

and science-based approach,
63

Poverty,
142
,
162
,
271

Precautionary principle,
22
–24,
185
,
194
,
236

Preservation methods,
35
,
43
,
114

Preservatives,
34

President’s Council on Food Safety,
133
–34

Preventive measures

animal antibiotics as,
45
,
47
–48

against foodborne microbes,
34
,
35
–36,
37
,
41
,
42
,
45
,
49

by education,
66
,
76
,
77
,
90
,
91
,
112
,
113
,
117
–20,
119
,
129

by irradiation,
21
,
74
,
112
,
113
,
121
–26

by litigation,
129
–30

by pasteurization,
28
,
33
,
40
,
42
,
45
,
49
,
56
,
89
,
97
–98,
113
,
126
–29

by reorganization of government oversight,
113
,
130
–37,
137

responsibility for,
1
,
30
,
66

and safe handling labels,
66
–67,
76
–78,
78
,
82
,
83
,
90

and training of workers,
49
,
120

and warning labels,
66
–67,
98
–99

See also
HACCP

Price, Weston,
281

Prions,
251
,
254
,
342
–43nn4–5

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
,
191

Processing

centralization of,
43
,
48

foodborne microbes spread by,
49
,
50
,
117
–20

of genetically modified products,
8
,
11
,
239

See also
Meat processing

Produce Marketing Association,
123
–24,
321
–22n23

Production

concentration of,
28
,
43
,
43
–45,
54

and population growth,
139
,
146
,
149

scale of,
37
,
44
,
45
,
59
,
84
,
101

Protectionism,
116

Proteins

and allergenicity,
9
–11,
172
–74

and bacterial response to antibiotics,
176

as lectins,
186
–89

as prions,
251
,
320
n5

structure and function of,
299
–300

Protozoa,
28
,
35
,
36
,
37

Prusiner, Stanley,
343
n4

Psychological factors,
20

Public health

and alliance between business and government,
64
,
65
,
74
,
253
,
255
,
272

and antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
46

and bioterrorism,
258
,
265
–66,
267
,
271

and control of foodborne microbes,
81
,
83
,
103

and corporate self-interest,
1
,
14
,
60
,
72
,
81
,
83
,
142
,
240
,
255

and food security,
268
,
270
–72,
273
,
275

and fragmentation of regulatory authority,
14
,
60

and globalization,
271

and measures to eliminate disease,
28
,
33
,
165

Public interest,
1
,
13
,
14
,
16
,
122
,
189
,
225
,
240

Public opinion,
15
,
34
,
35
,
167
–70,
206

Public relations,
153
,
154
,
159
,
160
,
163
,
166
,
201
,
212
,
232
,
235
–36,
241
,
246
–47