Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic (60 page)

Athens,
xxi
,
77
–
83
,
99
,
107
,
129
–
30
; Mark Antony in,
369
–
72

‘Atticus’, Titus Pomponius,
232
,
238
; as art connoisseur,
283
; Cicero’s communications with,
223
,
230
,
234
,
235
,
263
,
310
,
353
,
357

augurs,
303
;
see also
omens

Augustus, Caesar,
see
Octavian

Aurelia (mother of Caesar),
113
,
114
,
119
,
199
,
211
,
215

auspices,
see
omens

Aventine Hill,
14
,
19
,
20
,
22
–
3

Bacchae, The
(Euripides),
269

Baiae,
61
,
190
–
91
,
259
,
365

Balkans,
9
–
10
,
320
,
351
,
375

Basilica Porcia,
291

baths: ‘hanging’,
49
; sulphur,
61

Belgae,
247
–
8

Bellona,
85

Bibulus, Marcus: elected consul,
224
–
5
; marriage to Porcia,
339
; opposes Caesar’s land bill,
226
,
227
–
8
,
229
; and Pompey,
256
,
291
; death,
319

Borgia, Cesare,
xxii

breastfeeding,
113

Britain,
274
–
5
,
276

Britanny,
272

Brundisium,
254
,
312
,
366

Brutus, Decimus,
273
,
347
,
357
,
359

Brutus, Marcus Junius: Caesar’s clemency towards,
322
; character and background,
308
–
9
; death at Philippi,
362
–
3
; involvement in Caesar’s assassination,
347
–
8
,
350
–
51
; marriage to Porcia,
339
,
363
; recruits army,
361
; reaction to Cato’s death,
339
–
40
; rumoured to be Caesar’s son,
308
,
347

business,
42
–
4
,
59
,
133
,
181
–
2

Caelius Rufus, Marcus: in Africa,
210
; and Catiline,
202
–
3
,
2
–
5
-
6
,
210
; character and lifestyle,
200
–
201
; as Clodia Metelli’s lover,
251
–
2
; on Curio’s tribunate,
301
; exile and death,
318
–
19
; and games,
295
–
6
; prosecution of Hybrida,
234
–
5
; and politics,
296
–
7
; support for Caesar,
297
,
298
–
9
,
303
,
305
; trial,
258
–
9

Caesar, (Gaius) Julius: Sallust’s
history of,
xix
; background and childhood,
110
–
18
; as priest of Jupiter,
118
,
119
; marriage to Cornelia,
118
–
19
,
197
; military career in Asia,
119
–
21
; dress sense,
120
,
196
–
7
,
321
; return to Rome,
120
; awarded civic crown,
120
,
124
; popularity,
121
,
198
–
9
; admired orator,
121
; early political career,
119
,
121
–
2
,
123
–
5
; captured by pirates,
168
–
9
; support for Pompey,
174
; and King of Bithynia,
192
; extravagance and social life,
197
–
200
; marriage to Pompeia,
197
,
211
–
13
; love for Servilia,
197
,
308
; as aedile,
198
; becomes
pontifex maximus
,
199
–
200
,
211
; and Catiline,
208
; and Clodius,
212
–
13
,
234
,
237
,
238
–
9
; in Spain,
233
; ambitions for consulship,
223
–
8
; proconsulship,
228
,
231
,
239
,
244
; in Gaul,
xvii
-
xviii
,
228
–
9
,
231
,
241
–
9
,
260
,
263
,
271
–
82
,
287
,
293
–
4
,
296
–
300
; and Curio,
236
,
300
–
302
,
304
; and Cicero,
238
–
9
,
249
,
253
–
4
; defeats Helvetians,
241
; defeats Germans,
244
–
5
,
273
–
4
; defeats Belgae,
247
–
8
; enmity of Domitius,
257
; meets Crassus at Ravenna,
259
–
60
,
266
;
55
BC consulship election,
262
,
263
; wealth & generosity
197
,
266
,
271
–
2
,
302
; flamboyance,
197
,
274
; quality of dispatches,
272
; defeats Venetians,
272
–
3
; atacks Britain,
274
–
5
; daughter’s death,
287
; breakdown of ties with Pompey,
287
–
8
,
292
,
293
–
4
,
299
–
303
; Crassus’ death,
289
; campaigns for consulship while in Gaul,
297
–
300
; told to surrender command,
300
,
302
,
304
–
6
; crosses the Rubicon,
xvii
-
xix
,
306
; marches on Rome,
306
,
307
–
9
,
312
–
13
; leniency,
311
,
312
; propaganda,
315
,
337
; arrival in Rome,
315
–
16
,
386
; loyalty of troops,
317
–
19
; campaign against Pompey,
319
–
24
; in Egypt,
325
–
35
; reaction to Pompey’s murder,
327
–
8
; relationship with Cleopatra,
328
–
9
,
330
,
331
–
4
,
342
–
3
; in Africa,
335
–
7
; and Cato’s death,
336
,
337
,
339
–
40
; triumphs,
326
–
7
; becomes consul,
337
; awarded dictatorship,
337
–
40
,
345
; policies for the provinces,
341
–
2
; plans for Rome,
342
–
3
; honoured
divus Iulius
,
344
–
5
; refuses crown,
344
; death,
346
–
8
,
349
,
350

Caesarion,
343
,
372
,
374
,
376

Campania,
49
,
50
,
62
,
65
,
91
,
108
; gladiator schools and revolt,
143
,
144
–
5

Campus Martius,
93
–
7
,
109
,
262
–
3
,
308
,
342
,
387
–
8
; and elections,
94
–
5
,
165
,
254
; massacre of Samnites,
95
–
7
; Ovile,
94
–
5
,
222
,
254
,
388
; Pompey’s theatre,
221
,
283
,
388

Cannae, Battle of,
8
,
269

Capitol,
74
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
136
,
242
;
see also
temple of Jupiter

Capua,
12
,
49
,
304

Carrhae, Battle of,
268
–
9
,
270
,
288
,
338
,
344

Carthage,
6
–
7
,
34
–
5
,
42
,
335
,
342
,
383

Cassius Longinus, Gaius,
268
,
338
,
347
,
350
–
53
,
361
,
362

Catiline (Lucius Sergius Catilina),
201
–
10
,
213
,
214
–
15
,
233
,
355
,
383
; death,
211
,
234

Cato, Marcus Porcius: and
55
BC consulship election,
262
,
264
; in Africa,
330
,
335
; annexes Cyprus,
270
–
71
; becomes praetor,
286
–
7
; and Brutus,
309
; and Caesar
224
–
31
,
241
,
275
,
282
,
297
–
8
,
299
–
300
,
310
; and Catiline conspirators,
208
–
9
; character,
194
–
6
,
340
; and Cicero,
195
–
6
,
261
,
317
,
385
; and Curio,
301
; descendents,
351
,
361
; half-sisters,
195
,
197
; meeting with Ptolemy,
327
; and Pompey,
222
–
5
,
261
,
289
,
291
–
2
,
293
; and poor relief,
232
,
237
; and Pompey’s campaign,
319
–
20
,
322
; suicide,
336
,
337
; Virgil on,
383

Catulus, Quintus Lutatius: and Caesar,
198
; and Catiline,
207
,
208
; and Cato,
195
; and Clodius’ trial
217
,
222
; cousin of Servilia,
197
; death
222
; election for
pontifex maximus
,
195
; and Lucullus,
157
,
158
,
185
; and Pompey,
142
,
151
,
174
; punishment of father’s murderer,
201
; refuses to ratify Sulla’s treaty,
156
; reputation and authority,
136
–
8
,
385

Caudine Forks,
50
,
65

censors,
96
,
128

census,
96
,
97
,
114

‘centuries’,
93
,
94
,
95

cephos,
285

Cethegus, Publius,
138
,
158
–
9

chariot racing,
20
,
122

children: attitudes to,
110
–
15
,
118
; mortality rate,
112

China,
266

Cicero, Marcus Tullius: early life and rise as orator,
127
–
36
; character,
349
–
50
; after Hortensius’ retirement
188
–
9
; on Alexandria,
326
; on animal spectacles,
284
–
5
; and Antony,
354
–
5
; on Appius,
289
; on Britain,
276
; and Caelius,
200
–
201
,
258
–
9
; friendship with Caesar,
297
,
304
,
307
,
310
–
11
317
–
18
,
338
,
346
; and Caesar’s murder,
349
–
54
; Catiline’s conspiracy,
202
–
3
; and Cato,
85
,
195
–
6
,
261
,
317
,
385
; Cato’s obituary,
339
–
40
; and Cleopatra,
343
; and Clodius,
215
,
216
–
17
,
235
,
236
–
7
,
238
–
40
,
249
,
261
; consulship,
203
–
4
; on Crassus,
265
; on dancing and women,
193
–
4
; daughter,
350
; divided loyalties,
304
,
310
–
11
,
315
,
317
; on Domitius,
257
,
289
,
315
; exiled,
238
–
40
,
360
; figure of ridicule,
220
; flees Rome after Hybrida’s conviction,
234
–
5
; on freedom
76
,
76
n,
389
; on gladiators,
144
; on lust for power,
263
; marriages,
350
; as Milo’s defender,
291
–
2
; and Octavian,
351
–
2
,
358
–
60
; on pirates,
169
; Palatine villa,
216
,
240
,
254
; and Pompey,
213
–
14
,
223
,
230
,
249
–
50
,
260
,
294
,
304
,
310
,
315
,
317
,
322
; recalled to Rome,
253
–
5
; on triumvirate’s election-rigging,
263
; turns down deal with triumvirate,
231
–
2
; death,
361
–
2