Authors: Fergal Keane
Ito, Masanori 404
Jackson, Private Tom 347, 348, 354
Japan: ‘Absolute Defence Sphere’ 117
atomic bomb, U.S. attack with 418–19
China, war with 4, 5, 109, 110, 110n, 111, 150, 151, 152, 287, 318
coup attempt, 1936 109–10, 109
Hiroshima 418–19
military ethics and training 106, 107–8, 107n
Pacific war 110, 111, 147, 151, 290
post-war 418–24, 446
U.S. Occupation of 420–1
Japanese air force 5, 10–12, 14, 22–3, 91, 105, 121, 132, 133, 146, 147, 149, 325, 326
Japanese Army, Imperial xv–xvi
air support 5, 10–12, 14, 22–3, 91, 105, 121, 132, 133, 146, 147, 149, 326
artillery xvii, 125, 146, 164, 168, 193, 199, 201, 204, 214, 217, 218, 226, 235, 239, 243, 262, 286, 326, 338, 350, 352, 353, 370, 371, 376
battles
see under individual area, battle, campaign, operation or nation name;
Burma, invasion and occupation of 3, 10–13, 14, 15, 17–23
casualty numbers xvii, 126–7, 134, 136, 198, 200, 202–4, 209n, 215n, 250–1, 260, 278, 286, 291, 373, 398–9, 401, 401n, 402, 403–4, 406, 413
character of men xvii–xviii, 20–1, 22, 76, 85n, 130, 131, 134, 138, 149–53, 208, 277, 281, 287–8, 318, 326–7, 388
in China 4, 5, 109, 110, 110n, 111, 150, 151, 152, 287, 318
Chindwin, crossing of 120, 140, 163–5, 164n
coup attempt, 1936 109–10, 109
disease and illness in xvii, 14, 114, 155, 167, 291, 297, 388, 395, 396, 396n, 398, 399, 401, 420
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and 109
intelligence 3, 4, 9, 86–7, 111, 112–14, 146, 147, 156, 157, 158, 316, 325–6
Kempeitai
147–8, 151, 326, 421
locals peoples, treatment of 15, 18, 144, 145, 196, 233–5, 293
‘March on Delhi’ 116, 117
military ethics and training 106, 107–8, 107n
morale 147–8, 150–1, 258–9, 317, 319, 372, 396
Pacific war 110, 111, 147, 151, 290
Plan 21 112
plan to attack Indian frontier 111–20
power of army over government 108, 109–10, 109
prisoners, treatment of xvii–xviii, 20–1, 85n, 130, 131, 150, 208, 281
Russia, war with 4, 18, 109, 107, 109, 143, 422, 423
snipers 126, 135, 201, 206, 216, 229, 230, 251, 254, 255, 256, 262, 263, 268, 269, 298, 303, 306, 309, 310, 312, 319, 329, 334, 338, 344, 354, 355, 358, 379
suicide attacks 319, 333, 372
supply problems xvii, xviii, 112–13, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134, 140, 143, 146, 147–50, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 162–3, 166–8, 198–9, 204, 209n, 215, 233–5, 238, 265, 288, 291, 292, 319–20, 326, 328, 337–8, 373, 376–7, 389, 390, 393, 394, 395, 396–8, 402, 404
terror inspired in enemies xvii–xviii, 20–1, 76, 150, 277
in Thailand 3, 4, 9–10, 12, 141, 147, 150, 152
withdrawal from Kohima 389–91, 396
withdrawal into Burma xviii, 384, 410–17
Japanese Army units:
15th Army xvii, 5, 30, 104, 110, 154, 289, 290, 319–20, 368, 371, 384, 390, 391, 393
battles
see under individual
battle name
casualties xvii, 126–7, 134, 136, 198, 200, 202–4, 209n, 215n, 250–1, 260, 278, 286, 291, 318–19, 373, 376, 398–9, 401, 401n, 402, 403–4, 406, 413
command, disunity in 104, 105–6, 110, 112–20, 140–6, 155, 155, 289–90, 394
headquarters 105–6, 113–14, 116, 117, 118, 288, 291, 391
plan to invade India 112–20, 140–1, 156, 168, 170, 291
preparation for march into India 140–1, 146–55
retreat into Burma 406, 407, 410, 411
retreat from Kohima to Chindwin 396–404, 406,
414
return home of soldiers after war 419–25
strength 5, 14, 150
supply problems xvii, xviii, 112–13, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134, 140, 143, 146, 147–50, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 162–3, 166–8, 198–9, 204, 209n, 215, 233–5, 238, 265, 288, 291, 292, 319–20, 326, 328, 337–8, 373, 376–7, 389, 390, 393, 394, 395, 396–8, 402, 404
withdrawal from Kohima 389–91, 396
withdrawal into Burma xviii, 384, 410–17
15th Division 140–1, 150, 164n, 179, 199, 201, 205, 235, 339, 394, 404
18th Division 106
31st Division xvii, xviin, 140, 141, 144, 146, 148, 150, 153, 163, 201, 214, 217, 234, 238, 370, 394
Burma 144–5
casualties xvii, 126–7, 134, 136, 198, 200, 202–4, 209n, 215n, 250–1, 260, 278, 286, 291, 318–19, 373, 376, 398–9, 401, 401n, 402, 403–4, 406, 413
Chindwin to Kohima, march from 148, 166–8, 179, 189–90, 196, 199, 233
command
see
Sato, Lieutenant General Kotuku
crosses Chindwin into India xvii, 148, 162–5
cut Imphal road 116, 140, 235
Jessami 211, 212, 217–19
Kharasom 213–16, 396
Kohima, march to 148, 166–8, 189–90, 196, 199, 233
Kohima, retreat to Chindwin from 396–404, 406
Kohima, siege of 258–64, 289–90, 317–20, 326, 333–4, 374–7, 388–91
Kohima, withdrawal from 389–95, 396
local peoples, treatment of 196, 233–5
preparation for march into India 140–1, 146–55
Sangshak 195, 196–210
snipers 126, 135, 201, 206, 216, 229, 230, 251, 254, 255, 256, 262, 263, 268, 269, 298, 303, 306, 309, 310, 312, 319, 329, 334, 338, 344, 354, 355, 358, 379
supply problems 112–13, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134, 140, 143, 146, 147–50, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 162–3, 166–8, 198–9, 204, 209n, 215, 233–5, 238, 265, 288, 291, 292, 319–20, 326, 328, 337–8, 373, 376–7, 389, 390, 393, 394, 395, 396–8, 402, 404
veterans 421, 422, 423, 424
withdrawal into Burma xviii, 384, 410–17
withdrawal from Kohima 389–91, 396
33rd Division 21, 140, 141, 146, 164n, 179, 235, 289, 339, 368, 392, 394, 404
55th Division 120
58th Regiment 146, 149, 151, 155, 162, 164, 166, 167, 196–210, 215, 234–5, 236, 258–64, 265, 288–90, 318, 320, 326, 374, 375, 374–7, 389, 391, 424, 459
2nd battalion 201, 205, 209, 259
3rd battalion 196–8, 200, 204, 205, 258, 374
75th Regiment 142–3
124th Regiment 146, 153, 288, 372, 376, 398
138th Regiment 144, 146, 151, 152, 214–16, 287, 319, 372, 390, 396, 402, 403, 419
Burma Area Army 117, 154, 290, 389, 391
Southern Area Army 116, 117, 119, 147, 393
Jenner, Private Wally 61–2
Jericho, Operation 124–9, 256
Jessami village 146, 183, 189, 193, 211n, 212, 214, 226, 334, 339, 364
1st battalion, Assam Regiment in 161, 183, 189, 193, 211–13, 217–19, 226, 356
black magic, reputation for 161–2
command of 161
defences 211
defensive position established at 161–2
evacuation of 217–19
garrison strength 211, 212, 212n, 213
Japanese attack 211, 212, 217–19
‘last man, last round’ order, Richards cancels and orders evacuation of 211–13, 212n, 217–18
161 Indian Brigade sent to aide evacuation of 212
water supply 212
Johnson, Dick 249
Jotsoma 285, 286, 294, 304, 308, 311, 314, 330, 336, 338, 345, 350
jungle warfare 75–6, 83–4, 93–5, 103, 122, 124, 126–7, 134–5, 156, 165, 276–7, 314
Kabaw Valley 25, 141
Kameyama, Lieutenant Shosaku Mazakazu 115, 167, 198–9, 200, 202, 208, 210, 250–1, 258–9, 261, 262, 263, 264, 286, 320
Karen 15
Kawabe, Lieutenant General Mazakazu 115, 117, 290, 291, 292, 339, 389, 391–2, 393, 395, 405, 423
Kay, Robert 70
Keast, Diana 101
Keene, Buster 340
Kempeitai
147–8, 151, 326
Kharasom village 116, 364
1st battalion, Assam Regiment in 161, 183, 189, 193, 213–17, 356
Assam Rifles in 214
attempts to relieve 212–13, 216
defences 215
defensive position established at 161, 214
evacuation of 216–17
garrison strength 212–13, 214, 215
‘last man, last round’ order, Richard’s fails to communicate rescinding of to 212–13, 212n, 214
161 Brigade sent to aide evacuation of 212, 213, 216
retreating Japanese army in 396
supply problems 215
V Force in 214
Khasi tribesman 218
Khiamniungan, Sepoy Mukom xviii
Khonoma 37, 39, 40, 234, 235, 440n
King, Sergeant Victor 348, 350
Kobayashi, Lieutenant Naoji 236
Kohima xvii
ADS (advanced dressing station) 248, 255–8, 264, 266–8, 271, 297–302, 304, 305, 308, 311, 331, 332, 333, 335, 343, 345, 350, 351, 352
air war over 279–80, 288, 290, 304, 317, 320–5, 332, 337–8, 339, 340–1, 337–8
Aradura Spur 32–3, 220, 227, 234, 239, 371, 384, 393
attrition, becomes battle of 357–69
Black Thirteenth 301–5
British first take control of 39
bungalow, district commissioner’s 32, 33, 34, 44, 226–7, 239, 243, 251, 302, 305–12, 336, 346, 358, 380, 382, 383, 384, 439
casualty numbers 260, 278, 286, 291, 298–302, 311, 333, 343, 350, 355, 373, 374, 380, 381
command of garrison 170–5, 180–5, 224–5, 244–7, 251, 252–3, 433–7
see also
under individual commander name
command posts 221, 226, 227, 229, 239, 247, 303, 336, 348, 353
communications 183–4, 242, 251, 252, 284, 339, 365, 368
confusion of battle and rapid changing of positions 265–6
criticism of garrison officers 244–7, 433–7
defences 188–9, 220, 221, 225, 226, 244
defensive positions
see
Jessami, Kharasom, Phek, Sangshak
and
Zubza villages
Detail Hill 226, 247, 249n, 251, 252, 258–64, 265–6, 267, 268–71, 273, 274, 286, 297, 299, 305, 311, 333, 336, 340, 343, 347, 357, 374, 378, 432
effect of battle upon post-war world 427–8
evacuation of wounded 219, 252–3, 255, 266–8, 311–12, 345, 350–2, 353
first Japanese attacks upon 236–9, 242–4
first Allied encounters with Japanese 227–31
first siege of, 1879 39–40
fleeing/deserting soldiers 229, 230, 237, 239, 242, 244, 247, 250, 251–2, 254, 267, 272, 353, 360–1
Garrison Hill (formerly Summerhouse Hill) 32, 226, 239, 242, 244, 247, 251,266–7, 271, 305, 317, 325, 329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 340, 343, 344, 346, 348,
349
, 352–3, 354, 356, 366–7, 372–4, 377, 380, 407, 439
garrison strength xvii, xviin, 169, 182, 212, 221–4, 231, 265
GPT Ridge 226, 229, 231, 250–1, 254, 259, 260, 286, 305, 311, 336, 374, 377, 378, 379–80, 381, 384
hand-to-hand fighting xvii, xx, 288–9, 306, 310–11, 333–4, 368, 373
‘hold to the last’ order 185;
hospital buildings 219, 226, 267, 340, 343, 352
see also
ADS
Imphal road 29, 33, 80, 80n, 221, 226, 235, 282, 288, 365, 366, 384, 394, 455
Jail Hill 225, 226, 231, 239, 249–50, 257, 258, 259, 260, 286, 299–300, 302, 305, 311, 320, 336, 374, 376, 377, 381, 382, 384, 439
Japanese arrival at 227–31
Japanese first attack 236–9, 242–4
Japanese siege of 258–64, 289–90, 317–20, 326, 333–4, 374–7, 388–91
Japanese withdrawal from 389–91, 396
Kohima Ridge 185–6, 220, 223, 226, 227, 239, 279, 291, 305, 317, 326, 327, 339, 340, 360, 369, 372, 377, 380, 381, 384, 386, 390–1
Kuki Piquet 226, 230, 247, 336, 344–5, 346–8, 350, 353, 354, 373, 374, 378, 381
line of communication troops within 183, 220, 222, 245
medical arrangements within 248, 255–8, 264, 266–8, 271, 297–302, 304, 305, 308, 311, 331, 332, 333, 335, 343, 345, 350, 351, 352
moral collapse within garrison 244–6, 245n
morale 242, 244–6, 245n, 248, 257, 304–5, 312, 330, 336, 384
Mount Pulebadze 33, 220, 234, 379
Naga Village 33, 227, 231, 236–9, 272, 293–4, 374, 378, 380–1, 389, 402
natural defences 29, 30, 31;
Nepalese troops in 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 236, 237, 239, 244, 251–2, 272, 288, 305, 353
non-combatants in 183, 220–1, 241–2, 245, 267, 303, 305, 336, 348
1/1 Punjabs push into 350–1, 353
161 Brigade leave 221–5