Rise of ISIS (12 page)

2
. Abdullah Yusuf Ali,
The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an,
10th ed. (1999; reprint, n.p.: Amana, 2004), 4:93.

3
. Ibid., 6:151.

4
. Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri,
Reliance of the Traveller,
rev. ed., trans. Nuh Ha Mim Keller (N.p.: Amana, 2008), 583 (1368).

5
. Ibid.

6
. Vol. 1, Bk. 2, No. 9, Sahih Bukhari,
http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_1_02.php
.

7
. Vol. 1, Bk. 2, No. 10, Sahih Bukhari,
http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_1_02.php
.

8
. Vol. 1, Bk. 2, No. 46, Sahih Bukhari,
http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_1_02.php
.

9
. Amnesty International, “Rule of Fear: ISIS Abuses in Detention in Northern Syria,” December 19, 2013, 6–7,
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE24/063/2013/en/32d380a3-cc47-4cb6-869f2628ca44cb99/mde 240632013en.pdf
.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Ibid., 7.

12
. “Abuse ‘Rife in Secret Al-Qaeda Jails in Syria,' ” BBC News, December 19, 2013,
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25440381
.

13
. Amnesty International, “Rule of Fear,” 1.

14
. Ibid., 7.

15
. Ibid.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Ibid.

18
. Ibid., 9.

19
. Ibid., 10.

20
. Salma Abdelaziz, “Death and Desecration in Syria: Jihadist Group ‘Crucifies' Bodies to Send Message,” CNN, May 2, 2014,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/01/world/meast/syria-bodies-crucifixions/
.

21
. Ibid.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Ibid.

24
. “Syria: ISIS Summarily Killed Civilians,” Human Rights Watch,
June 14, 2014,
http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/14/syria-isis-summarily-killed-civilians
.

25
. Ibid.

26
. Adam Lusher, “Iraq Crisis: The Footage That Shows Isis Militants Taunting and Killing Shia Soldiers,”
Independent,
June 16, 2014,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-crisis-the-footage-that-shows-isis-militants-taunting-and-killing-shia-forces-9541929.html
.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Rod Nordland and Alyssa J. Rubin, “Massacre Claim Shakes Iraq,”
New York Times,
June 15, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/world/middleeast/iraq.html?_r=3
; see also “Militants Post Grisly Images of Mass Killing in Iraq,” CBS News, June 15, 2014,
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/iraq-conflict-isis-militants-post-grisly-images-of-mass-killing/
.

29
. Connor Simpson, “Rights Group Confirms ISIS Mass Grave Images,”
Wire,
June 27, 2014,
http://www.thewire.com/global/2014/06/rights-group-confirms-isis-mass-grave-images/373598/
.

30
. Simon Tomlinson and Amy White, “ ‘This Is Our Football, It's Made of Skin #World Cup': After Posting Sickening Beheading Video of Iraqi Policeman, Isis Boast of Slaughtering 1,700 Soldiers,”
Daily Mail,
June 13, 2014,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2656905/ISIS-jihadists-seize-two-towns-bear-Baghdad-U-S-tanks-helicopters-stolen-fleeing-western-trained-Iraqi-forces.html
. See also Chris Hughes et al., “Police Chief Beheaded By Jihadist Rebels Who Tweeted: ‘This Is Our Ball. It Is Made of Skin. #World Cup,' ”
Mirror,
June 14, 2014,
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/police-chief-beheaded-jihadist-rebels-3690513
.

31
. Ibid.

32
. Ibid.

33
. Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, art. 16, August 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3316, 75 U.N.T.S. 135.

34
. Sam Greenhill et al., “Isis Butchers Leave ‘Roads Lined with Decapitated Police and Soldiers': Battle for Baghdad Looms as Thousands Answer Iraqi Government's Call to Arms and Jihadists Bear Down on Capital,”
Daily Mail,
June 12, 2014,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2655977/ISIS-militants-march-Baghdad-trademark-bullet-head-gets-way-control-north.html
.

35
. Tomlinson and White, “ ‘This Is Our Football.' ”

36
. Vasudevan Sridharan, “Iraq Isis Crisis: Judge Who Sentenced Saddam Hussein to Death Executed by Rebels,”
International Business Times,
June 24, 2014,
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iraq-isis-crisis-judge-who-sentenced-saddam-hussein-death-executed-by-rebels-1453975
. See also Lucy Crossley, “Judge Who Sentenced Saddam Hussein to Death ‘Is Captured and Executed by Isis,' ”
Daily Mail,
June 22, 2014,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2665360/Judge-sentenced-Saddam-Hussein-death-captured-executed-ISIS.html
.

37
. Ibid.

38
. Raymond Ibrahim, “New Islamic Caliphate Declares Jihad on . . . Muslims,”
Human Events,
July 18, 2014,
http://humanevents.com/2014/07/18/new-islamic-caliphate-declares-jihad-on-muslims/
.

39
. Ibid.

40
. Ibid.

41
. Reuters, “Convert, Pay Tax, or Die, Islamic State Warns Christians,”
http://news.yahoo.com/convert-pay-tax-die-islamic-state-warns-christians-181415698—business.html
.

42
. Ibid.

43
. “Tens of Thousands of Christians Flee ISIS Attack on Ninevah Town of Qaraqosh (Hamdaniya),” Yahoo! News, June 26, 2014,
http://news.yahoo.com/tens-thousands-christians-flee-isis-attack-nineveh-town-212600821.html
.

44
. Ibid.

45
. Ibid. See also Sophia Jones, “In Face of ISIS Advance, Many Iraqi Christians Insist on Staying Put,”
Huffington Post,
June 25, 2014,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/25/iraqi-christians-isis_n_5527266.html
.

46
. Ibid.

47
. Ibid.

48
. Ibid.

49
. Yasmine Hafiz, “Reported ISIS Member Says They Will Destroy the Kaaba in Mecca, ‘Kill Those Who Worship Stones,' ”
Huffington Post,
July 1, 2014,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/01/isis-destroy-kaaba-mecca_n_5547635.html
.

50
. Ibid.

51
. Sophie Jane Evans, “Shocking Moment: Isis Militants Take Sledgehammers to Mosul Tomb of Prophet Jonah as More Than 50 Blindfolded Bodies Are Found Massacred South of Baghdad,”
Daily Mail,
July 9, 2014,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2685923/Shocking-moment-ISIS-militants-sledgehammers-Mosul-tomb-Prophet-Jonah-50-blindfolded-bodies-massacred-south-Baghdad.html
.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Frances Martel, “Sunni Mufti: ISIS and Affiliates Have Killed over 300 Sunni Imams, Preachers,” Breitbart, July 3, 2014,
http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Peace/2014/07/03/Sunni-Mufti-ISIS-and-Affiliates-Have-Killed-Over-300-Sunni-Imams-and-Preachers
; “Iraq: ISIS Kidnaps Shia Turkmen, Destroys Shrines,” Human Rights Watch, June 28, 2014,
http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/27/iraq-isis-kidnaps-shia-turkmen-destroys-shrines
; “Islamic State Claims Shia Mosque Destruction,” Al Jazeera, July 5, 2014,
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/islamic-state-claims-shia-mosque-destruction-20147414533266331.html
; “Jordan's Abu Qatada: Caliphate Declaration ‘Void,' ”
Daily Star Lebanon,
July 15, 2014,
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jul-15/263931-jordans-abu-qatada-caliphate-declaration-void.ashx#axzz37l9q5wZI
.

54
. Johnlee Varghese, “Isis Issues Threat to US with Decapitated Head, Says Calamity Will Befall the Country,”
International Business Times,
June 26, 2014,
http://www.ibtimes.co.in/isis-issues-threat-us-decapitated-head-says-calamity-will-befall-country-603119
.

55
. Ibid.

56
. John Rossomando and Ravi Kumar, “Emboldened ISIS Threatens Americans,” Investigative Project, June 26, 2014,
http://www.investigativeproject.org/4440/emboldened-isis-threatens-americans
.

57
. See Dalit Halevy and Ari Yashar, “ISIS Parades Scud Missile ‘Heading Towards Israel,' ”
Arutz Sheva,
July 1, 2014,
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/182409#.U7RnSLGf-ik
.

58
. “ISIS Weighs In on Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Yeshiva World, July 16, 2014,
http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/247816/isis-weighs-in-on-israeli-palestinian-conflict.html
.

59
. Ibid.

60
. Ibid.

61
. “New Terrorist Video Rails Against Jews,” Anti-Defamation League, June 3, 2014,
http://blog.adl.org/international/new-terrorist-video-rails-against-jews
. Sura 1.766 mandates that Jews “[b]ecome apes—despised and disgraced!” because the Jews had “disdainfully persisted in that from which they were forbidden.”

62
. “ISIS Weighs In On Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.”

63
. “ISIS Militants Threaten to Invade, Take Over Spain,”
InfoWars.com
, July 5, 2014,
http://www.infowars.com/isis-militants-threaten-to-invade-take-over-spain/
.

64
. “ ‘We'll Take Back Spain': Fighters Claim ISIS to Seize ‘Occupied Lands,' ” RT, July 4, 2014,
http://rt.com/news/170480-spain-isis-invade-threat/
.

65
. Christopher Livesay, “Rome Is Not Intimidated by Isis Threats to Conquer It for the Caliphate,” VICE News, July 11, 2014,
https://news.vice.com/article/rome-is-not-intimidated-by-isis-threats-to-conquer-it-for-the-caliphate
.

66
. Ibid.

67
. Jeremy Bender, “ISIS Militants Captured 52 American-Made Artillery Weapons That Cost $50,000 Each,”
Business Insider,
July
15, 2014,
http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-has-52-american-weapons-that-can-hit-baghdad-2014-7
. See also Douglas Ernst, “ISIL Captured 52 U.S.-Made Howitzers; Artillery Weapons Cost 500K Each,”
Washington Times,
July 15, 2014,
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/15/isil-captured-52-us-made-howitzers-artillery-weapo/
.

68
. Ibid.

69
. Bender, “ISIS Militants Captured 52 American-Made Artillery Weapons That Cost $50,000 Each.”

70
. Bill Gertz, “ISIL Moving Seized U.S. Tanks, Humvees to Syria,”
Washington Free Beacon,
June 17, 2014.

71
. Perry Chiaramonte, “Stolen Uranium Compounds Not Only Dirty Bomb Ingredients Within ISIS' Grasp, Say Experts,” Fox News, July 15, 2014,
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/07/15/stolen-uranium-compounds-not-only-dirty-bomb-ingredients-within-isis-grasp/
.

72
. Ibid.

73
. Ibid.

74
. Bill Hutchinson, “ISIS Seizes Chemical Weapons Depot Near Baghdad, May Have Access to Deadly Sarin Gas Rockets,” New York
Daily News,
July 9, 2014.

1
. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAx6bLkVcgw
.

2
. Jonathan Masters, “Hamas,” Council on Foreign Relations, November 24, 2012,
http://www.cfr.org/israel/hamas/p8968
.

3
. “Palestine Liberation Organization,”
palestineun.org
,
http://palestineun.org/about-palestine/palestine-liberation-organization/
.

4
. Masters, “Hamas.”

5
. 
Hamas
, whose name is an acronym for
Harakat al-Muqawana al-Islamiya
, which translates to “Islamic Resistance Movement,” is the “largest and most influential Palestinian militant movement.” Masters, “Hamas.”

6
. See Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement—Hamas,
art. 2 (1988) (hereinafter Charter), stating that “the Islamic Resistance Movement is one of the wings of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine,”
http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/50/1609.htm
.

7
. The last Palestinian presidential election took place in 2005. Hugh Naylor, “Palestinian Elections Delayed by Fatah-Hamas Bickering,”
National,
March 9, 2012,
http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/palestinian-elections-delayed-by-hamas-fatah-bickering
.

8
. “Abbas Achieves Landslide Poll Win,” BBC News, January 10, 2005,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4160171.stm
.

9
. Naylor, “Palestinian Elections Delayed by Fatah-Hamas Bickering.”

10
. Ibid.

11
. Donald Macintyre, “The State of Gaza: Five Years After Hamas Took Power in the City, How Has Life Changed for Its Citizens?,”
Independent,
June 10, 2012,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-state-of-gaza-five-years-after-hamas-took-power-in-the-city-how-has-life-changed-for-its-citizens7831408.html
.

12
. “Gaza E.R.: Fatah vs. Hamas,” PBS, August 14, 2007,
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/gaza-e-r/fatah-vs-hamas/1227/
.

13
. Charter, arts. 7, 12, 13.

14
. Ibid.

15
. US Department of State, Foreign Terrorist Organizations,
http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm
, accessed July 15, 2014; Masters, “Hamas”; “EU Blacklists Hamas Political Wing,” BBC News, September 11, 2003,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3100518.stm
.