Requiem: The Fall of the Templars (78 page)

Robyn Young

Brighton, July 2008

Character List

(* denotes real figures from history)

*ADAM:
cousin of William Wallace

ALBERT:
Knight Templar

ALICE:
daughter of Ysenda, Will’s niece

*ANDREW DE MORAY:
Scottish noble and leader of the Scottish rebellion

*ANTHONY BEK:
bishop of Durham

*BENEDICT XI:
pope (1303–4)

*BERNARD SAISSET:
bishop of Pamiers, accused of heresy by Philippe IV

*BERTRAND DE GOT (1264–1314):
archbishop of Bordeaux, then accedes papal throne as Clement V in 1305

BLANCHE:
handmaiden to Jeanne de Navarre

*BONIFACE VIII (1234–1303):
pope (1294–1303)

*BRIAN LE JAY:
master of the English Temple

*CELESTINE V (1215–96):
pope (1294)

*CHARLES DE VALOIS:
brother of Philippe IV

CHRISTIAN:
sister-in-law of Gray

COLIN:
son of Ede, Will’s nephew

DAVID:
son of Ysenda, Will’s nephew

*DAVID GRAHAM:
Scottish noble, son of Patrick Graham
DUNCAN:
first husband of Ysenda

EDE:
sister of Will

*EDWARD I (1239–1307):
king of England (1272–1307)

*EDWARD II (1284–1327):
king of England (1307–27)

*ELEANOR OF CASTILE:
first wife of Edward I, queen of England
ELIAS:
rabbi

ELWEN:
wife of Will, died in Acre in 1291

*ESQUIN DE FLOYRAN:
Templar master of Montfaucon

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EVERARD DE TROYES:
Templar priest and former head of the Anima Templi, died in Acre in 1277

GAILLARD:
squire of Bertrand de Got

GARIN DE LYONS:
former Knight Templar in the service of Edward I, killed by Will in Acre in 1291

GAUTIER:
French royal soldier

*GEOFFROI DE CHARNEY:
master of the Temple in Normandy

*GEOFFROI DE GONNEVILLE:
master of the Temple in Aquitaine
GÉRARD:
Templar sergeant

GILLES:
French royal soldier

*GODFREY BUSSA:
captain of the papal guard

*GRAY:
companion of William Wallace

GUI:
Knight Templar

*GUILLAUME DE NOGARET (?–1313):
lawyer and royal advisor to Philippe IV, keeper of the seals from 1302

*GUILLAUME DE PARIS:
Dominican and confessor of Philippe IV

*GUILLAUME DE PLAISANS:
lawyer and royal advisor to Philippe IV

*GUY DE DAMPIERRE:
count of Flanders

HASAN:
former comrade of Everard de Troyes, died in Paris in 1266

HELOISE:
lover of Bertrand de Got

HENRI:
master falconer to Philippe IV

*HENRY PERCY:
English noble

*HUGH CRESSINGHAM:
English royal official, treasurer of Scotland under Edward I

*HUGUES DE PAIRAUD:
visitor of the Temple

ISAAC:
Jewish merchant

*ISABELLA:
daughter of Philippe IV and Jeanne, marries Edward II of England in 1308

*JACQUES DE MOLAY:
grand master of the Temple (1293–1314)
JAMES CAMPBELL:
Knight Templar and father of Will, executed in the Holy Land in 1266

*JEANNE DE NAVARRE:
wife of Philippe IV, queen of France and Navarre

*JOHN BALLIOL:
king of Scotland (1292–6)

*JOHN BLAIR:
chaplain of William Wallace

JOHN CAMPBELL:
Scottish knight, second husband of Ysenda

*JOHN DE WARENNE:
earl of Surrey

*KALAWUN:
sultan of Egypt and Syria (1280–90)

LAURENT:
Knight Templar

*LOUIS IX:
king of France (1226–70), canonized by Boniface VIII in 1297

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MARGARET:
daughter of Ysenda, Will’s niece

MARGUERITE:
handmaiden to Jeanne de Navarre

MARIE:
servant of Bertrand de Got

MARTIN DE FLOYRAN:
Knight Templar, nephew of Esquin

*NICCOLO:
Italian noble

OWEIN AP GWYN:
Knight Templar, former master of Will, killed in Honfl eur in 1260

*PATRICK GRAHAM:
Scottish noble

*PHILIPPE IV (1268–1314):
king of France (1285–1314)
PIERRE DE BOURG:
French noble

*PIERRE DUBOIS:
lawyer to Philippe IV

*PIERRE FLOTE:
lawyer and royal advisor to Philippe IV, keeper of the seals until 1302

PONSARD:
French royal soldier

*RAINALD:
captain of Ferentino

RAINIER:
Knight Templar

RAOUL:
Bertrand de Got’s son

*ROBERT BRUCE:
earl of Carrick, king of Scotland (1306–29)
ROBERT DE PARIS:
Knight Templar and member of the Anima Templi
ROSE:
daughter of Will and Elwen

SAMUEL:
Jewish moneylender

*SCIARRA COLONNA:
Italian noble

SIMON TANNER:
Templar sergeant

STEPHEN:
Irish warrior

THOMAS:
Knight Templar and member of the Anima Templi based in London
WILL CAMPBELL:
Templar commander and head of the Anima Templi
WILLIAM:
son of Rose

*WILLIAM WALLACE (c. 1270–1305):
Scottish knight and leader of the Scottish rebellion

YOLANDE:
servant of Bertrand de Got

YSENDA:
youngest sister of Will, mother of David, Margaret and Alice Glossary

ACRE:
a city on the coast of Palestine, conquered by the Arabs in 640. It was captured by the Crusaders in the early twelfth century and became the principal port of the new Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre was ruled by a king, but by the mid-thirteenth century royal authority was disputed by the local Frankish nobles and from this time the city, with its twenty-seven separate quarters, was largely governed oligarchically.

ANIMA TEMPLI:
Latin for “Soul of the Temple.” A fictional group within the Knights Templar founded by Grand Master Robert de Sablé in 1191, in the aftermath of the Battle of Hattin. It is formed of twelve Brethren, drawn from the order’s ranks, with a guardian to mediate during disputes, and is dedicated to achieving reconciliation among the Christian, Muslim and Jewish faiths.

BERNARD DE CLAIRVAUX, ST.:
(1090–1153) abbot and founder of the Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux in France. An early supporter of the Templars, Bernard aided the order in the creation of their Rule.

BLACK STONE:
in Arabic
al-Hajar al-Aswad,
a sacred relic set in the eastern corner of the Ka‘ba in Mecca, held in place by a silver band and kissed or touched by Muslims during the rites of pilgrimage. In 929, the Karmatians (Ismaili Shias) took possession of the Black Stone and carried it out of Mecca, effectively holding it to ransom until its restoration twenty-two years later.

CRUSADES:
a European movement of the medieval period, spurred by economic, religious and political ideals. The First Crusade was preached in 1095 by Pope Urban II at Cler-mont in France. The call to Crusade came initially as a response to appeals from the Greek emperor in Byzantium, whose domains were being invaded by the Seljuk Turks, who had captured Jerusalem in 1071. The Roman and Greek Orthodox Churches had been divided since 1054 and Urban saw in this plea the chance to reunite the two Churches and, in so doing, gain Catholicism a fi rmer hold over the Eastern world. Urban’s goal was achieved only briefl y and imperfectly in the wake of the Fourth Crusade of 1204. Over two centuries, more than eleven Crusades to the Holy Land were launched from Europe’s shores.

DESTRIER:
Old French for warhorse.

DOMINICANS:
order, whose Rule was based on that of St. Augustine, founded in 1215 by Dominic de Guzman in France. Guzman, who promoted an austere, evangelical style of Catholicism, used the new order to aid the Church in eradicating the Cathar heretics. In England they were known as the Black Friars, in France the Jacobins. The 470 glossary

Dominicans, who continued to grow rapidly after Guzman’s death, eschewed the luxuries enjoyed by many in the priesthood and were highly educated. In 1233 they were chosen by the pope to root out heretics, and official inquisitors were appointed. By 1252, inquisitors were permitted to use torture to obtain confessions and many Dominicans became active members of this newly established institution that would become known as the Inquisition.

ENCEINTE:
an enclosure within or area of a castle, or other fortifi ed place.

FALCHION:
a short sword with a curved edge, primarily used by infantry.

FLANDERS:
a county in the Low Countries, famous for its cloth industry. Throughout the medieval period the kings of France sought to impose their authority over the county, which was often an ally of England. The resulting unrest led to the rise of the merchant guilds and eventually to open revolt, which climaxed in the defeat of French royal forces at Courtrai in 1302. Flanders was eventually annexed by the duke of Burgundy in the fourteenth century.

FOSSE:
a ditch or moat.

GAMBESON:
a coat made of leather or quilted cloth.

GASCONY:
a region in southwest France that became part of the duchy of Aquitaine in the eleventh century, then after the Treaty of Paris in 1258 came under the authority of the English kings who ruled the duchy of Guienne, which was then divided from Aquitaine.

GRAIL ROMANCE:
a popular cycle of romances prevalent during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. From this time, the Grail, the concept of which is thought to be derived from pre-Christian mythology, was Christianized and adopted into the Arthurian legend, made famous by the twelfth-century French poet Chrétien de Troyes, whose work influenced later writers such as Malory and Tennyson. The following century saw many more takes on the Grail theme, including Wolfram von Eschenbach’s
Parzival
, which inspired Wagner’s opera. Romances were courtly stories, usually composed in verse in the vernacular, which combined historical, mythical and religious themes.

GRAND MASTER:
head of a military order. The grand master of the Templars was elected for life by a council of Templar offi cials and until the end of the Crusades was based at the order’s headquarters in Palestine.

GUIENNE:
a duchy in southwest France, with Bordeaux as its principal city. Guienne was ruled by the kings of England, as vassals of the French king, after the Treaty of Paris in 1258, but following the death of Louis IX, English authority in the duchy was disputed by the French.

HAUBERK:
a shirt of mail or scale armor.

KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM:
the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was founded in 1099, following the capture of Jerusalem by the First Crusade. Its first ruler was Godfrey de Bouillon, a Frankish count. Jerusalem itself became the new Crusader capital, but was lost and regained several times over the following two centuries until it was fi nally reclaimed by the Muslims in 1244, whereupon the city of Acre became the Crusaders’

capital. Acre fell in 1291, signaling the end of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of Western power in the Middle East.

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN:
Order founded in the late eleventh century that takes its name glossary

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from the hospital of St. John the Baptist in Jerusalem, where it had its fi rst headquarters. Also known as the Hospitallers, their initial brief was the care of Christian pilgrims, but after the First Crusade their objectives changed dramatically. They retained their hospitals, but their primary preoccupations became the building and defense of their castles in the Holy Land, recruitment of knights and the acquisition of land and property. They enjoyed similar power and status as the Templars and the orders were often rivals. After the end of the Crusades, the Knights of St. John moved their headquarters to Rhodes, then later to Malta, where they became known as the Knights of Malta.

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR:
Order of knights formed early in the twelfth century after the First Crusade. Established by Hugues de Payns, who traveled to Jerusalem with eight fellow French knights, the order was named after the Temple of Solomon, upon the site of which they had their first headquarters. The Templars, who were formally recognized in 1128 at the Council of Troyes, followed both a religious rule and a strict military code. Their initial raison d’être was to protect Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land; however, they far exceeded this early brief in their military and mercantile endeavors both in the Middle East and throughout Europe, where they rose to become one of the wealthiest and most powerful organizations of their day. There were three separate classes within the order: sergeants, priests and knights, but only knights, who took the three monastic vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, were permitted to wear the distinctive white mantles that bore a splayed red cross.

MAMLUKS:
from the Arabic meaning
slave
, the name was given to the royal bodyguard, mainly of Turkish descent, bought and raised by the Ayyubid sultans of Egypt into a standing army of devout Muslim warriors. Known in their day as “the Templars of Islam,” the Mamluks achieved ascendancy in 1250 when they assassinated Sultan Turan-shah, a nephew of Saladin, and took control of Egypt. Under Baybars, the Mamluk empire grew to encompass Egypt and Syria, and they were ultimately responsible for removing Frankish infl uence in the Middle East. After the end of the Crusades in 1291, the Mamluks’ reign continued until they were overthrown by the Ottoman Turks in 1517.

MONGOLS:
nomadic tribespeople who lived around the steppes of eastern Asia until the late twelfth century when they were united under Genghis Khan, who established his capital at Karakorum and set out on a series of massive conquests. When Genghis Khan died, his empire extended across Asia, Persia, southern Russia and China. The Mongols’ first great defeat came at the hands of Baybars and Kutuz at Ayn Jalut in 1260, and their empire began a gradual decline in the fourteenth century.