Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion (116 page)

Anne Sophia, Princess (Anne’s daughter): birth, 63, 89; Sarah Churchill made godmother to, 66; health concerns, 69; smallpox and death, 71–2

anti-Semitism, 458

Apsley, Sir Allen, 25

Apsley, Frances (
later
Lady Bathurst), 25–6, 32, 35, 38–9, 43, 47, 73

Arbuthnot, Dr John, 326, 332, 440–2, 500, 519, 523, 526, 532;
The History of John Bull
, 441

Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of, 282, 505, 508, 528

army: James II enlarges, 64–5; Tories vote to increase, 209

Arran, Dorothy, Countess of, 84

Asiento contract, 450, 478, 494, 519

Astell, Mary, 178

Atholl, John Murray, 1st Duke of, 264–5, 315

Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, 496, 531

Aumont, Louis, Duc d’, 485, 488, 501

Austria: alliance against France in War of Spanish Succession, 168; refuses to agree to peace terms, 467, 480; gains from Treaty of Utrecht, 494

Banfill, John, 223

Bank of England: loans to government, 196; increases capital in war, 382; deputation to Anne protesting at disbanding ministry, 415; refuses new loan to Godolphin, 420; makes loan to Harley, 421–2

Bannister, Henrietta, 17

Barcelona, 284, 299, 510

Barrillon, Paul, 41, 43, 46, 62, 65–7, 73

Barry, Elizabeth, 23, 175

Bath, 87–8, 139, 246–7, 259–60

Bathurst, Sir Benjamin: attempts to defraud Anne, 17, 158–9; Anne orders to redecorate stairway, 100; incompetent money management, 120

Beaufort, Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of, 247, 399, 416

Bellasyse, Anne, Lady (
née
Paulet), 97

Bellenden, John, 2nd Baron, 483

Benson, George, 541

Berkeley, Barbara
see
Fitzharding, Lady

Berkeley, Sir Charles, 4

Berkeley, George, 1st Earl of, 141, 218, 505, 524

Berkeley House, Piccadilly, 141–2, 151

Berkeley, Rear-Admiral John, 3rd Baron, 122

Berkeley, Colonel John, 58, 95, 99

Berry
see
St Amand, James

Bertie, Peregrine (1708), 351

Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, 299, 444, 490, 504, 507–8, 530

Betterton, Mrs Thomas, 23

Beverwort, Lady Charlotte, 139, 239

Blackall, Offspring, Bishop of Exeter, 319–20, 330, 336

Blandford, John Churchill, Marquess of (Marlborough’s son): Duke of Gloucester hero-worships as boy, 144; death from smallpox, 253–4

Blenheim, Battle of (1704), 271, 274, 539

Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, 233, 235, 278–9, 379, 430, 454, 487, 536

Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st Viscount: takes communion annually, 198; appointed Secretary at War, 267; character and qualities, 267; and Anne’s protection of Masham, 326; and mismanagement of war in Spain, 338; resigns on Harley’s dismissal, 341; succeeds Boyle in Harley’s government, 423; on setbacks in Spain, 430; hostility with Harley (Oxford), 439, 485, 496, 498, 516, 523; licentiousness and immorality, 439, 523; relations with Anne, 439, 501; and Guiscard’s knife attack on Harley, 440; ambitions for North American empire, 443–4, 456; on death of Emperor Joseph, 445; on elevation of Harley to Lords, 446; and peace negotiations with France, 452–3, 458, 479–80, 483, 485, 488, 539; criticises Maynwaring’s
Bouchain
, 455; derides Marlborough’s aim to march on Paris, 455; reassures Torcy over Marlborough’s move to Continent, 487; attacks Marlborough, 459; corrupt practices, 459; memorial from Elector denouncing peace, 461; in parliamentary debate on peace proposals, 462; attacks Barrier Treaty with Holland, 470; and succession to French throne, 472–4; and Anne’s Restraining Order to Ormonde, 474–5, 544; mission to France, 480–1; viscountcy, 480; objects to Dutch peace conditions, 482; bullies colleagues, 485; not awarded Garter, 485; retires to country, 485; on effect of Hanover memorial on Anne, 489; on Peace of Utrecht, 494; hopes for Tory dominance, 496–7; woos Abigail Masham, 499; exploits Oxford’s absence, 500; visits Anne during illness, 502; communicates with Pretender, 503, 506–8; on Pretender’s need to convert, 507; aims to weaken Whig domination of army, 508; and purge of Whigs in office, 509; and Hanover’s demands on Anne, 513, 516; claims Anne unwilling to settle arrears of Hanover soldiers’ pay, 514; friendship with Duchess of Somerset, 517; introduces Schism Bill, 517–18; agrees to proclamation against Pretender, 518; benefits from Spanish trade treaty, 520; rapprochement with Marlborough, 521–2; Anne’s doubts on character, 523; Oxford accuses of Jacobitism, 524; pleasure at Oxford’s dismissal, 525; on Anne’s final decline and death, 526, 529; expresses loyalty to new king, 529; hissed by crowd, 530; on peaceful transition to new reign, 531; drafts Declaration for Pretender, 534; flees to France and becomes Pretender’s Secretary of State, 534; found guilty of treason, 534; situation under George I, 534; pardoned and rehabilitated, 535; on Marlborough’s victories, 539

Bolton, Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of, 521

Bonet, Friedrich, 159, 165, 168

Bonrepos, François de, 62, 66

Book of Common Prayer
, 19

Bothmer, Major General Hans Kaspar, Baron, 441, 461, 487, 489, 515, 523, 524, 526, 528–9, 531

Bouchain, siege of (1711), 453

Boufflers, Maréchal Louis François, Duc de, 154

Bourgogne, Louis of France, Duke of, 472

Boyer, Abel, 11–12, 325, 537, 543–4

Boyle, Henry (
later
Baron Carleton), 207, 349, 414, 416, 418

Boyne, Battle of the (1690), 120

Bridgewater, Elizabeth, Countess of (
née
Churchill), 259

Bridgewater, Scrope Egerton, 4th Earl of, 259

Brihuega, Battle of (1710), 429–30

Britain: rise to power, 537; increase in trade, 539;
see also
England; Scotland

Bromley, William, 498, 518

Bruges, 357, 376, 479

Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of, 348

Buckingham, Mary, Duchess of, 30

Buckingham and Normanby, Catherine, Duchess of, 437

Buckingham and Normanby, John Sheffield, 1st Duke of (
earlier
3rd Earl of Mulgrave and Earl of Normanby): banished from court, 37–40, 48; proposes crown pass to Prince George, 165; as Lord Privy Seal, 204; in Anne’s favour, 205; Sarah Marlborough accuses of not welcoming Blenheim victory, 272; dismissed, 279–80; Marlborough suspects of intrigues, 279; supports bringing Sophia of Hanover to England, 291; supports Anne in resisting dismissal of Abigail, 399; appointed Lord Steward, 423; Gaultier reports on, 429; succeeds Rochester as Lord President, 446; and peace negotiations (1711), 453; silence in debate on 1711 peace proposals, 462; letter to Middleton on Pretender, 491–2; and Parliamentary demand to expel Pretender from Lorraine, 498; on George’s accession at Anne’s death, 529

Burnet, Elizabeth, 271, 342

Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury: on Anne Duchess of York’s death, 13; on Anne’s marriage to George, 42; on George of Denmark, 46; on Anne’s finances, 61; on Mary Beatrice’s Catholic fanaticism, 65; on Anne’s favouring Sarah Churchill, 66; and appointment of Lady Anne Spencer as Lady of Bedchamber, 67; and Mary Beatrice’s pregnancy, 84, 86; accompanies William from Holland, 105; and Mary’s deferring to William, 107; as preceptor to Duke of Gloucester, 157, 162; on George’s naval appointment, 184–5; on political party differences, 198; reports William’s death to Anne, 215; on Archbishop Sharp, 224; on Anne’s absence from court, 228; and Sarah Marlborough’s reliance on cousin Abigail, 241; on Scots support for Prince of Wales, 264; on Jacobite threat to Anne, 273, 447; on attempted 1708 Jacobite invasion, 344, 346; on Anne’s supposed sympathy for Pretender, 425, 540; on Marlborough’s meeting with Anne on ending war, 458; Anne speaks with on peace settlement, 460; attacks Treaty of Utrecht, 511; reports Anne’s death, 541; praises Anne’s patience in infirmity, 545; on Tory attempt to persuade Anne of succession plot, 1700

Bust, Eleanor, 126

Buys, Paul, 222, 457

Byng, Admiral Sir George (
later
Viscount Torrington), 343, 345, 393

Cadiz, 249

Cadogan, General William, 1st Earl, 487, 514, 517, 522

Cambrai, 455

Cambridge, Prince Charles, Duke of (son of Duke and Duchess of York), 5, 7, 9

Cambridge, Prince Edgar, Duke of: birth, 10, 16

Cambridge University: and James II’s Catholic measures, 76; Anne visits, 280

Campden House, Kensington, 121

Canada: expedition to (1711), 443–4, 456

Cardonnel, Adam de, 431

Carlos II, King of Spain, 33, 166, 168, 192

Carmarthen, Peregrine Osborne, Marquis of, 447;
see also
Leeds, Duke of

Carnarvon, Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of, 151

Caroline, Princess of Wales (
later
Queen of George II), 536

Carteret, John, 2nd Baron (
later
Earl Granville), 493

Catalans: abandoned by allies, 494; blockaded by British, 510; Whigs call for debate on, 510–11

Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II, 7

Catholics and Catholicism: English hostility to, 14–15; and Test Acts, 14; Anne’s antipathy to, 21, 62–4, 78, 83–4; peers exluded from Lords, 31; and Popish Plot, 31; James II appoints to Privy Council, 64, 66; James II promotes in England, 64, 73–6, 81, 88; excluded from succession to throne, 165

Chamberlen, Dr, 134

Chamillart, Michel de, 298

Charles I, King: executed, 1–2; seen as martyr, 19; Sarah Marlborough on, 275

Charles II, King: on birth of Anne, 1; Restoration, 3; and brother James’s marriage to Anne Hyde, 4–5; supports Anne (Hyde), 6; marriage, 7; and succession, 7, 9, 31–4, 40, 106; and nonconformists, 19; and Anne’s religious upbringing, 20; affairs and romances, 24, 38; sanctions Mary’s marriage to William of Orange, 27; and brother James’s exclusion crisis, 31–2, 35–6; dissolves Parliament (1679), 31; subsidies from Louis XIV, 35–6, 40; and Anne’s suitors, 40–1; plot against, 42, 53; and Anne’s marriage to George, 43; plans palace at Winchester, 44; view of George of
Denmark, 45–6; interest in Mary Stuart’s pregnancy, 56; death, 57; converted to Catholicism on deathbed, 62; descendants excluded from succession, 164; fails to summon Parliament in late reign, 195; touches for ‘King’s evil’, 226

Charles II, King of Spain
see
Carlos II

Charles III, King of Spain
see

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (
earlier
Archduke of Austria;
then
Charles III of Spain): and Spanish inheritance, 166–7; accedes to Spanish throne, 257–8; visits Anne, 263–4; leaves for Portugal to claim Spanish throne, 264; proclaimed king in Barcelona, 284; loathes Peterborough, 299; British support for, 334, 337, 429; Dutch trade agreement with, 384; succeeds as Emperor, 445; and peace terms (1711), 457; sends Eugene to England, 467; refuses Treaty of Utrecht, 494; concludes Treaty of Radstadt, 495; accuses Britain of treachery, 539; evacuates Catalonia, 545

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of, 101, 231

Cholmondeley, Hugh, 1st Earl, 496

Christian V, King of Denmark, 77, 99, 142; death, 160

Church of England; revival under monarchy, 19; Anne’s commitment to, 20–1, 208–9, 288; James II promises to protect, 57–8; James II’s aggression towards, 64; harshness towards dissenters, 76, 208, 245; William’s coolness towards, 118; Tory support for, 189, 197–8; threatened by dissenters, 197; Whigs’ hostility to, 199; preferments, 224–5, 318–20, 334, 336, 496; Parliamentary debate on (1705), 293–4; supposed threat from Union with Scotland, 298;
see also
Occasional Conformity

Churchill, Lady Anne (Marlborough’s daughter)
see
Sunderland, Countess of

Churchill, Arabella, 6, 47

Churchill, George (Marlborough’s brother), 185, 320, 333–5, 350, 353, 366

Churchill, John (Marlborough’s son)
see
Blandford, Marquess of

Churchill, Sarah, Lady
see
Marlborough, Duchess of

Churchill, Sir Winston S., 474

Cibber, Colley, 48

Civil List: debt, 497

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of: and daughter Anne’s marriage and children, 2–4, 7; barony, 5; fall from power and exile, 9–10; and daughter’s conversion to Catholicism, 13; idealises friendship, 55

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of (
earlier
Viscount Cornbury), 95, 98, 522

Clarendon, Frances, Countess of, 9, 16, 47, 61, 66, 70

Clarendon, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of: inherits earldom, 10; made Lord Privy Seal, 58; loses position, 73; and popular doubts over Mary Beatrice’s pregnancy, 81; and Anne’s miscarriage, 86; and Anne’s visit to Bath, 88; and James’s response to William’s invasion plan, 95–6; and Anne’s scepticism over legitimacy of James Francis Edward, 97; and son’s defection to William, 98; and Anne’s reaction to James’s flight from country, 102; proposes enquiry into James Francis’s birth, 106; and Anne’s unwillingness to accept William’s accession, 108, 110; refuses to take abjuration oath, 201

Clarges, Sir Thomas, 117

Clarke, George, 183

Clavering, Jacky, 198

Clerk, Sir John, 295, 545

Clifton, Mrs (manto maker), 242

Cobwell, Mr (perfumer), 243

Cockpit, Whitehall, 44, 115, 119, 132, 214, 218, 296

coffee houses, 198

Commons, House of: Tory strength in, 194, 208, 249; favours bill to outlaw Occasional Conformity, 249; denies perpetual pension to Marlborough, 250; debates Union with Scotland, 316; disorder in Harley’s absence, 443;
see also
Parliament

Compton, Henry, Bishop of London: as Anne’s spiritual preceptor, 20–1; safeguards Anne against Catholic influence, 28, 39; marries Anne and George, 43; criticises James II in Lords, 61; dismissed from Privy Council, 62; defends Sharp, 65; suspended from ecclesiastical duties, 65; invites William of Orange to England, 90–1, 95; disbelieves identity of baby James Francis Edward, 94; in London during William’s invasion, 98, 100; leaves London with Anne, 100–2; preaches at accession of William and Mary, 110

Congreve, William, 433

Conventicle Act (1664), 19