Authors: Nicholas Shakespeare
The meat was generally horse, scraped from one of the pack animals that had been tethered in the manège, and tossed into the aluminium vat by a prisoner with fingers bandaged in dirty rags. Once, a German guard shouted at two girls who had a dog, âThat dog will have to go!' and pointed at the vat; but they sobbed in such a frantic way that their pet was left alone. Nettles were ladled out when there were no potatoes; or mangel-wurzels, a yellowish root used before the war without much success to feed cattle.
The diet gave Priscilla stomach pains. Jacqueline Grant fainted from hunger. âWe just weren't getting enough to eat.'
Priscilla was back outside at 6 p.m. to collect the evening meal. âWe had one tea-spoonful of synthetic grease or jam in the evening' â a dollop of beetroot jelly or tasteless ersatz cheese (âmade from the bark of some tree', suspected Jacqueline), and which Priscilla squeezed from a tube on to a finger of black bread.
The German bread was the most horrible aspect of Priscilla's diet. She queued for it every two or three days in the perpetually falling snow, with another inmate holding out a blanket to catch the round loaves that were dropped from a window in a long low building behind Bâtiment C. The ration was two kilos per person per week and the bread, baked from rye and bran, was hard-crusted and green with mould. A date was stamped on the outside, almost always days old. Priscilla toasted her portion on the side of the stove, or else rolled the rancid-smelling uncooked dough into pellets to plug holes in the wall.
She concocted fantasy menus. Her memories of studying cordon bleu relatively fresh, she invited Berry to fictitious banquets. She selected the dishes from her meals with Robert and Gillian in pre-war Paris.
I tried in Besançon to find anyone who remembered the English internees. At Le Coucou restaurant down the hill, the patron Patrick Langlade greeted my questions with a dubious smile. âNo one ever told me â and I arrived here in 1960.' In 1972, as a nineteen-year-old parachutist, Langlade spent four weeks' military service at Caserne Vauban. âPerhaps I slept in her bed!' But he looked unconvinced. I was finishing my meal when I heard a shout. âCome over here!' He had googled it. âLook! Margaret Kelly. She was at Besançon. The Bluebell Girls were prisoners!'
Until the camp's Christmas Eve party, Priscilla had not realised that the dance troupe and their Irish founder were inmates. Their show at the Folies Bergère was the first that Robert had taken Priscilla to see, three years before. Moreover, she had pretended to the abortionist that she was one of the dancers. Now, in the large shed that doubled as a projection room, lit by candles which the nuns had provided, and wearing dresses stitched from bedsacks, the Bluebell Girls performed what Yvette Goodden remembers as âa good dance routine â there was an enormous amount of double meaning and the Germans didn't see it and laughed their heads off.' Laughing and sobbing, Priscilla watched comic sketches which mocked the long queues. She listened in silence to the choir that followed. And at the top of her voice with a thousand others sang âJ'attendrai', in a version which included new lines about escaping, and â once the Commandant and his staff had tactfully stood up and left â âRule Britannia', âLand of Hope and Glory' plus two emotional renditions of the national anthem.
It was the largest assembly that Priscilla had attended since her arrival. Several tear-stained faces calling for encores were familiar. Jacqueline Grant and her mother. The wife of a British trainer whom Priscilla had met at Chantilly with Guy and Georgette. A gigantic black man in an apple green turban who made the coffee at Maxim's, one of the small group of men caught in the round-up. A broad black hat also seemed familiar â worn by the sixty-eight-year-old theatre designer Edward Gordon Craig. Priscilla recalled Craig visiting Gillian's parents in Boulevard Berthier. Suddenly vivid in her memory was the inlaid wooden box that Craig, son of the Victorian actress Ellen Terry, had given to Gillian's mother.
At other times Priscilla bumped into women she had known in Paris. An English friend married to a Frenchman and torn away from her two babies. âShe was feeding the youngest still, but was not allowed to take it with her as it was born in France and therefore French. She nearly went mad.' She also met a contact from her modelling days who had worked as a designer for Norman Hartnell and was adept at converting army greatcoats into skirts and bonnets. Then there was Elisabeth Haden-Guest, the daughter-in-law of an English MP, who had been interned with her three-year-old son Anthony (later the inspiration for a character in another favourite novel of Priscilla's, Tom Wolfe's
The Bonfire of the Vanities
). Like Priscilla, Elisabeth had lived in a chateau in Brittany and was passionate about ballet. She had been a regular at the downstairs café of the brothel Panier Fleuri and had watched the same naked girl hoover up coins from the corner of a table (âShe tried to teach me how to do it . . .'). Elisabeth had been driving ambulances in Rouen the last time Priscilla saw her.
Priscilla left no glimmering wake at Besançon. None of the three women I spoke to recall hearing anything about her or recognised Priscilla from photographs that I showed them; not even Shula Troman, who used to draw portraits of the internees with charcoal from her stove.
Unremarked, she was anonymous, like the nameless in the Cimetière Saint-Claude. In this respect, she did not stand out from anyone else in the camp. Though alive, they were, all of them, effectively dead to the world.
Jimmy Fox had also put me in touch with the journalist on Besançon's main newspaper who had accompanied me around the barracks. Eric Daviatte was yet one more person to register surprise when he learned the story of British internees. He sympathised with my frustration that no one in his town, or in France generally, seemed to have been aware of their incarceration. And told me of his aunt in Pas de Calais. In the Resistance, pregnant, captured, taken to a camp in Germany, baby born â âthen a German soldier kicked it with his boot and killed it.' The aunt survived, but lived the rest of her life outside the village, mad, a taboo. âI don't even know her name.'
After our tour of Caserne Vauban, Daviatte agreed to run an interview in his newspaper
L'Est Républicain
. His article was given a prominent display. In it, I appealed to readers who might have any recollection of several thousand British women imprisoned in Besançon during 1940â41, and my email address was supplied. The readership of his newspaper was over 300,000. Not one reader replied.
The camp's only full-length mirror was at the entrance, for the German guards to dress properly when they walked into town. On the whole, it was just as well that Priscilla could not see herself.
Her gums turned black from the diet. She lost 30 pounds and stopped menstruating. Her grim face, thin and dirt-streaked, was covered in blue marks from her bedsack and bug-bites. Until the arrival of Red Cross parcels, she had no access to proper soap, make-up or shampoo. Other women's heads became piebald as their dyed hair faded. Priscilla's thick blonde curls falling uncombed over her collar were the chief indication of her sex and youth. A young inmate wrote: âJokes were made as often as possible, but in repose these faces were mostly stamped with a melancholy that I shall never forget.' Dressed in the scratchy blue capot of a dead soldier, with a pair of old underpants around her neck as a scarf, and her shoes slopping around inside overlarge boots, Priscilla resembled no one more closely than Robert when he was a POW.
At the police station in Batignolles on the morning of her arrest, Priscilla had asked Georgette to contact Robert. Priscilla was confident that once Robert found out where the Germans had taken her he would not rest until he had secured her release. But the German authorities allowed no post for the first weeks. Almost a month passed before Robert discovered Priscilla's whereabouts.
In January, detainees were permitted to send and receive two letters per month via the Red Cross â typed messages of less than 25 words. Yvette Goodden showed me a communication that she wrote to her husband in Sherborne on 23 January 1941. âAm well, hope to join Michael soon, inform Swansea, don't trouble.' A censored message like this was not appropriate for
what Priscilla had in mind. âI decided that it was no fun at all. I must escape. I wrote several letters to Robert telling him how awful everything was and I managed to get them smuggled out of the camp.'
Priscilla had befriended a French soldier, Sergeant Lune, who, since he was local, was able to bribe the guard at the gate, and thus went home every night. At tremendous risk to himself, since a pot-bellied Gestapo official nicknamed âBouboule' was liable to frisk him, Lune agreed to post Priscilla's letters in a box at the Café Lapostale on Place de la Révolution â and, using the café as a poste-restante, to bring any letters to her.
December passed and then January while she waited for Robert to communicate. On 8 January, workmen started to install indoor lavatories following an outbreak of dysentery. Word in the corridor gave the credit to Winston Churchill: via the Red Cross, he had apparently let it be known that unless sanitary conditions improved significantly he would shift all German civilians in Britain to the frozen tundra of northern Canada.
In the makeshift chapel in Bâtiment C, Priscilla knelt before her new Catholic God and prayed that Robert was following Churchill's example, putting pressure on the German authorities to let her out. Whenever the music stopped on the Commandant's wall, she broke off what she was doing and moved to the window.
From December to early February, the loudspeakers rasped out the names of more than a thousand women who were being freed under certain conditions, either because of ill-health or old age or having left young children at home.
Among the first to be released was Edward Gordon Craig, the man with the black hat, following the intercession of a German thespian who wanted to buy his theatre archive. Early in the New Year, it was the turn of Elisabeth Haden-Guest and her son, the result of an appeal to Fernand Brinon, the Vichy government's representative in Paris. Elisabeth, considered a âprominent' hostage, was taken to Paris by armed guards to be kept under house arrest. On 4 February, Priscilla's English friend who had been separated from her two children was let go, âas were all women with children under 16 and all women over 65. This didn't include me or my elderly friend Berry. Then the
Commandant decided to set free all the Australians in the camp. It appeared that Australia had not interned German women, so this seemed reasonable.' The large black man from Maxim's was also liberated: the German clientele had complained about the decline of the coffee since his arrest.
And still from Robert, nothing.
Listeners that winter to
The Brains Trust
, a BBC programme on which Priscilla's father sometimes appeared, heard the panel respond to a question from the fiancée of a wounded POW in hospital in enemy-occupied territory.
What in the opinion of the panel was the best way for a prisoner to pass time?
All that Priscilla's second husband Raymond had to report about her life as a prisoner was that she spent most of it asleep. With no radio and no newspapers, she was blind to the world outside and forced in upon herself.
âWe were like children,' said Jacqueline Grant. âI suppose that being confined to one room with the same companions for most of the twenty-four hours of every day, seven days a week, week after week, brought us back to our schooldays.'
On her bunk in B.71, Priscilla remembered the lycée that she attended with Gillian in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, her only formal education. Like Besançon, the lycée had its own rules and uniform. She remembered lessons starting at 8.30 a.m., and entering class wearing a pink pinafore and carrying a heavy satchel loaded with books. She sat at a desk fixed to the floor. The teacher had walked up and down, slowly reading out dictée â each phrase twice, with punctuation. Priscilla, knowing hardly any French, felt bewildered. She remembered the sound of sergeant-major nibs scratching on lined paper and the purple ink in its little porcelain container on the right of her desk â she recognised the same purple ink in the police station at Batignolles and in the parcel office at Caserne Vauban.
If nature called, Priscilla put up her hand and said: âMadame, je peux sortir?' She remembered the scratchy rolls of paper in the lavatory, the smell of dust. And the skulls of two girls who had been shaved for lice.
Lunch took place in the school refectory. Priscilla ate at one of the long wooden tables with nine other girls; on her table, a carafe of vin ordinaire and
a wicker basket of sliced bread. She began the meal with beetroot salad, potatoes, and a triangle of La Vache qui rit. Then: navarin de veau on Monday, sausages and white beans on Tuesday, parmentier potatoes on Wednesday, cassoulet on Thursday and fish, generally cod, on Friday. Dessert was an apple or orange. At 4 p.m., she was entitled to a petit pain, grabbed from a woman distributing them at the open window of the refectoire. In her room at Besançon, she remembered with a pang of hunger those petits pains passed through the window.
For the first time, Priscilla wished she had gone back to England. She wished the cold outside was winter from her childhood in Hove â a log fire in the main room and her father singing âWidecombe Fair'. She remembered walking with him through the snow-covered Grampians, the whole length of Loch Rannoch below. And his broadcasts on the unemployed. The family in Birmingham who had 11s.4d. a week to spend on food. The slag heaps in Glasgow, men lying on the still-smouldering embers in an attempt to keep warm, leaving one side of their body frozen, one side scorched. She remembered him saying how dangerous it was to be left on your own with nothing to do. âFew things are harder than the capacity to put yourself in the place of someone who is suffering if you are not suffering. If you have never been out of work you can no more realise the horror of unemployment than you can realise the horror of leprosy.'