Political Order and Political Decay (109 page)

patronage (spoils system); in Britain; clientelism as distinguished from; in India; in Latin America; reforms of; in United States;
see also
clientelism

Paul, Ron

peasantry

Pei, Minxin

Pendleton, George H.

Pendleton Act

Perón, Eva

Perón, Juan

Perry, Matthew

Persia

Peru

Peter III of Russia

Phenomenology of Spirit, The
(Hegel)

Philippines

Philosophy of Right, The
(Hegel)

Piattoni, Simona

Pierce, Franklin

Pinchot, Gifford

Pinochet, Augusto

Pizarro, Francisco

Plessy v. Ferguson

Poland; estates in

Polanyi, Karl

political decay; in China; democracy as source of; Forest Service and; political development and; and stability of institutions; in United States; violence and

political development; biological evolution compared with; in China; Denmark as model for; dimensions of; international dimension and; paths for; political decay and; violence and

political machines

political order: tensions between components of;
see also
accountability; rule of law; state(s)

Political Order in Changing Societies
(Huntington)

political parties; democracy and; in United States

political universals

Politics
(Aristotle)

Pomeranz, Kenneth

population growth

Portugal; Latin America and

poverty; in Nigeria

prebendalism

Prescott, William

principal-agent theory

print media

Pritchett, Lant

Progressive Era

proletariat

Protestants

Prussia; army in; bureaucracy in; Calvinism in; education in; Junkers in; law in; Rechtsstaat in; Stein-Hardenberg reforms in; voting in

Prussian Code

Przeworski, Adam

public authorities

public goods

public-private partnerships

public utilities

Puerto Rico

Pufendorf, Samuel

Puritanism

Putin, Vladimir

Putnam, Robert

Qaddafi, Muammar

Qin Shi Huangdi

racism, scientific

Radelet, Steven

railroads: in Britain; in China; in Europe; in United States

Ranger, Terence

Rathenau, Walther

Reagan, Ronald

Rechtsstaat

reciprocal altruism; clientelism as form of; in United States

redistribution

religion; in India; law and;
see also
Christianity; Islam

Renan, Ernest

rents

rent seeking

Renzi, Matteo

repatrimonialization

Ribadu, Nuhu

rights; of indigenous peoples

Ringen, Stein

Rise and Decline of Nations, The
(Olson)

Rizal, José

Robinson, James

Roman Empire

Romania

Rome

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Roosevelt, Theodore

Rosas, Juan Manuel de

Rosenberg, Hans

Rosenbloom, David

Rösler, Carl Friedrich Hermann

Rothstein, Bo

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

Rousseff, Dilma

rule by law; in China; in Japan; rule of law vs.

rule of law; democratic accountability and; in Nigeria; religion and; rule by law vs.; state and;
see also
law

Russell, John

Russia; Bolshevik Revolution in; estates in; Japan and; Mongols and; Stalin's rule in

Rwanda

Sachs, Jeffrey

Saddam Hussein

Sáenz Peña, Roque

Sahashi Shigeru

Saint-Domingue

Sandinistas

San Martín, José de

Sanusi, Lamido

São Tomé

Scandinavia

Schattschneider, E. E.

Schlieffen, Alfred von

Schröder, Gerhard

scientific management

scientific racism

Scotland

Scott, James

Second Treatise on Government
(Locke)

Semisovereign People, The
(Schattschneider)

Sen, Amartya

Senegal

Senghor, Léopold

Seven Years' War

Shang Yang

Shefter, Martin

Shen Jiaben

Shinto

Shunzhi

Sickles, Dan

Sierra Leone

silver

Singapore

Sirota, Beate

Skowronek, Stephen

slavery; in Argentina; Civil War and; cotton and; in Latin America; military

Smith, Adam

Snowden, Edward

sociability

social capital

social Darwinism

socialism

social mobility

social mobilization; in China; democracy and

Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
(Moore)

social regulation

Sokoloff, Kenneth

Solomon Islands

Somalia

Somoza, Anastasio

South Africa

South Asia

South Korea

sovereign debt crisis

Soviet Union; Gorbachev reforms in

Spain; Argentina and; estates in; Latin America and; Latin America's wars of independence from; taxes in; weak absolutism in

Spear, Thomas

Speke, John Hanning

Spengler, Oswald

Spirit of the Laws, The
(Montesquieu)

spoils system,
see
patronage

Stalin, Joseph

Stanley, Henry Morton

state(s); in Africa; as both brutal and weak; capacity of; in China; in East Asia; in Europe; first; in France; Latin America's lack of; Libya's lack of; rule of law and; two types of

state building; democracy and; law and; national identity and; nation building and; in United States

Stein, Karl vom und zum

Stevens, Christopher

Stevens, Siaka

Stone, Richard

“Study of Administration, The” (Wilson)

Sturzo, Luigi

Suarez, Karl Gottlieb

Subutai

Sudan

sugar

Suharto

Sukarno

Sun Yat-sen

Supreme Court, U.S.;
see also individual cases

Swahili

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Taft, William Howard

Taiwan

Tammany Hall

Tanganyika

Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)

Tanzania; democracy in; economic policies in; Kenya compared with; language in; national identity in

Tarrow, Sidney

taxes; in Africa; in China; in England; in France; in Greece; in Japan; in Spain

taxis

Taylor, Charles

Taylor, Frederick Winslow

Taylor, Zachary

Taylorism

Tea Party

technology

telegraph

term limits

terrorism

Thailand

Thaksin Shinawatra

Thatcher, Margaret

Thirty Years' War

Thomas, Melissa

Thoughts on Parliamentary Government
(Mill)

Tilly, Charles

Timor Leste

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Togo

Toledo, Francisco de

Tönnies, Ferdinand

Touré, Sékou

Toynbee, Arnold

trade

trade unions

transaction costs

transparency

Transparency International

transportation;
see also
railroads

Transportation Act

Trevelyan, Charles

tribal societies

Trikoupis, Charilaos

Tripoli

trust

Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity
(Fukuyama)

Tsai, Lily

Tsebelis, George

Tsoucalas, Constantine

Tunisia

Túpac Amaru

Turati, Filippo

Turkey; middle class in; protests in

Tweed, William Marcy

Uganda

Ukraine

Ulate Blanco, Otilio

unions

United Nations (UN)

United States; American exceptionalism; American Revolution; banking sector in; capitalism in; checks and balances system in; civil service in; Civil War in; clientelism in; class distinctions in; Congress in,
see
Congress, U.S.; Constitution of,
see
Constitution, U.S.; courts in; decay of quality of government in; Declaration of Independence of; democracy in; distrust of government in; economic growth in; financial crisis of 2008 and recession in; Gilded Age in; and globalization and technological change; government agencies in; government size in; health care in; income inequality in; indigenous people and; institutions in; interest groups in; Interstate Commerce Commission in; Jacksonian tradition in; Japan and; land ownership in; Latin America and; law in; national identity of; New Deal in; patronage system in; Philippines and; polarization in; political machines in; political parties in; presidential system in; Progressive Era in; public-sector reforms in; railroads in; reciprocal altruism in; repatrimonialization in; state building in; as state of courts and parties; Supreme Court in,
see
Supreme Court, U.S.; Tea Party in; as vetocracy; voting in

urbanization; in Greece;
see also
industrialization; modernization

Uribe, Álvaro

Uruguay

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA);
see also
U.S. Forest Service

U.S. Department of the Interior; General Land Office

U.S. Forest Service; autonomy lost by

values

Van Creveld, Martin

Vanderbilt, Cornelius

Vanderbilt, George

Van de Walle, Nicolas

Venezuela

Venizelos, Eleftherios

vetocracy

veto players

Vienna

Vietnam

Vietnam War

violence; in Latin America; in nation building and political development; in Nigeria; political decay and;
see also
wars

Volcker Commissions

voting; African Americans and; in Argentina; in Britain; majority; in Nigeria; property qualifications for; in Prussia; in United States

Voting Rights Act

Wabash v. Illinois

Waisman, Carlos

Waldersee, Alfred von

Wales

Wallis, John

Wang Qishan

wantok

Ward, Artemus

War of the Pacific

War of the Triple Alliance

wars; in Europe; Japan and; in Latin America

Washington, George

Wealth of Nations, The
(Smith)

Weber, Eugen

Weber, Max

Weberian states

Weingast, Barry

welfare states

Wells, H. G.

West Papua

Wilberforce, William

William of Orange

Wilson, James S.

Wilson, Woodrow

“winner-take-all” society

Wolfenson, James

Woolcock, Michael

workers

working class; conversion into middle class; voting by

World Bank; Worldwide Governance Indicators

World Bank Institute

World Values Survey

World War I

World War II; Japan's defeat in

Wrong, Michela

Wu Zhao

Xi Jinping

Yamagata Aritomo

Yang, Dali

Yang, Hongxing

Yanukovich, Viktor

Yar'Adua, Umaru Musa

Yemen

Yrigoyen, Hipólito

Yugoslavia

Zaire

Zakaria, Fareed

Zambia

Zanzibar

Zenawi, Meles

Zhao, Dingxin

Zhou Enlai

Zhu Yuangzhang

Zimbabwe

 

ALSO BY FRANCIS FUKUYAMA

The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution

America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy

State-Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-first Century

Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution

The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order

Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity

The End of History and the Last Man

 

About the Author

 

Francis Fukuyama is the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He has previously taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University and at the George Mason University School of Public Policy. Fukuyama was a researcher at the RAND Corporation and served on the State Department's Policy Planning Staff. He is the author of
The Origins of Political Order
,
The End of History and the Last Man
,
Trust
, and
America at the Crossroads
. He lives with his wife in California.

 

Farrar, Straus and Giroux

18 West 18th Street, New York 10011

 

Copyright © 2014 by Francis Fukuyama

All rights reserved

First edition, 2014

 

eBooks may be purchased for business or promotional use. For information on bulk purchases, please contact Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department by writing to [email protected].

 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fukuyama, Francis.

    Political order and political decay: from the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy / Francis Fukuyama.

        pages cm

    ISBN 978-0-374-22735-7 (hardback)—ISBN 978-1-4299-4432-8 (e-book)

    1.  State, The—History.   2.  Order—History.   3.  Comparative government—History.   4.  Democracy—History.   5.  Globalization—Political aspects.   I.  Fukuyama, Francis. Origins of political order. Continuation of:   II.  Title.

JC11 .F853 2014

320.1—dc23