Pharmageddon (48 page)

62
. Greg D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, and Jeffrey Drazen,
Why doctors should worry about pre-emption
, NEJM 359, 1–3 (2009).

63
. Warner-Lambert v. Kent Supreme court docket 06–1498. See
www.scotuswiki.com/index.php?title=Warner-Lambertv.Kent
.

64
. Wyeth v. Diana Levine. In US Supreme Court, No. 06–1249 Citations 555
^US
555

65
. “Supreme Court rules against Wyeth in liability case,” Reuters, March 4, 2009,
http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSTRE5233VS20090304
.

66
. Clifford J. Rosen,
The Rosiglitazone story: Lessons from an FDA advisory committee
, NEJM 357, 844–846 (2007), 1056/nejmp078167; Steven Nissen and Kathy Wolski,
Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
, NEJM 356, 2457–2471 (2007).

67
. Deborah Cohen,
Rosiglitazone: What went wrong?
BMJ 341, 530–534, c4848 (2010).

68
. Philip D. Home et al.,
Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): A multicentre, randomised, open-label trial
, Lancet 373, 2125–2135 (2009).

69
. Cohen,
Rosiglitazone: What went wrong?

70
. US Senate, Committee on Finance,
Staff report on GlaxoSmithKline and the diabetes drug Avandia
(2010),
http://finance.senate.gov/newsroom/chairman/release/?id=bc56b552-efc5–4706–968d-f7032d5cd2e4
.

71
. Adrienne Fugh-Berman et al.,
Promotional tone in reviews of menopausal hormone therapy after the women's health initiative: An analysis of published articles
, Public Library of Science Medicine 8, e1000425 (2011).

CHAPTER 8

1
. Annemarie Mol,
The Logic of Care
(London: Routledge, 2008).

2
. Samuel Sessions and Alan Detsky,
The “Shadow Government” in Health Care
, JAMA 304, 2742–2743 (2010).

3
. This is similar to the use of intelligence tests for political purposes in 1920s as outlined by Steven J. Gould.
The Mismeasure of Man
(Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980).

4
. Deposition of Ian Hudson in Tobin v. SmithKline Beecham, Dec. 15, 2000, 30–33 (Harlow, UK).

5
. Joseph S. Ross et al.,
Pooled analysis of rofecoxib placebo-controlled clinical trial data: Lessons for postmarketing pharmaceutical surveillance
, Archives of Internal Medicine 169, 1976–1984 (2009).

6
. Philip Fine,
Make Big Pharma provide their raw data
, University World News, Jan. 18, 2009,
http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20090115191615198
.

7
. Transcript from BBC Panorama program “Secrets of the Drugs Trials,” Jan. 29, 2007,
news.bbc.co.uk//i/hi/programmes/panorama/6317137.stm
.

8
. Jon Thompson, Patricia Baird, and Jocelyn Downie,
The Olivieri Report
(Toronto: Lorimer, 2001).

9
. David Healy, Derelie Mangin, and Barbara Mintzes,
The ethics of controlled trials in prenatal depression
, International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 22, 1–10 (2010), doi:10.3233/JRS-2010–048.

10
. Sessions and Detsky,
“Shadow Government” in Health Care
.

11
. Geoffrey Venning,
Validity of anecdotal reports of suspected adverse drug reactions: The problem of false alarms
, BMJ 284, 249–253 (1982).

12
. David Healy and Dinah Cattell,
The Interface between authorship, industry and science in the domain of therapeutics
, British Journal of Psychiatry 182, 22–27 (2003).

13
. Erick H. Turner et al.,
Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy
, NEJM 358, 252–260 (2008).

14
. Gonzalo Laje et al.,
Genetic markers of suicidal ideation emerging during citalopram treatment of major depression
, American Journal of Psychiatry 164,
1530–1538 (2007)
.

15
. R. Bordet et al.,
Analysis of the direct cost of adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients
, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56, 935–941 (2001), doi:10.1007/s0022 80000260.

16
. Sessions and Detsky,
“Shadow Government” in Health Care
.

17
. Richard J. Wurtman and R. L. Bettiker,
The slowing of treatment discovery, 1965–1995
, Nature Medicine 1, 1122–1125 (1995).

18
. Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt,
Higher Superstition: The academic left and its quarrel with science
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).

19
. Ivan Illich,
Limits to Medicine (Medical Nemesis)
(Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1976).

20
. John Abramson,
Overdosed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2005).

21
. Zyprexa: Primary Care Sales Force Resource Guide, Zyprexa MDL 1596, Plaintiffs' Exhibit 01926 (2002), 7.

22
. Gardiner Harris, “Senator Grassley seeks financial details from medical groups,”
New York Times
, Dec. 7, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/health/policy/07grassley.html
.

23
. Emory University's Charles Nemeroff, Stanford's Alan Schatzberg, and Brown's Martin Keller—the “author” of Study 329.

24
. Meredith Wadman,
The senator's sleuth
, Nature 461, 330–334 (Sept. 17, 2009).

25
. Sandra Hempel,
The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump: John Snow and the Mystery of Cholera
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).

26
. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Military industrial complex speech (1961),
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/12/documents/eisenhower.speech
(accessed April 21, 2002).

27
. Kenneth Kiple,
Plagues, Pox and Pestilence
(London: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1997).

28
. Hank McKinnell, A
Call to Action
(New York: McGraw Hill, 2005).

Index

The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
 
 

Abbott Pharmaceuticals

Abilify

access to data: lack of, for clinical trials, restricted, in “controlled trials,” need for, and US Data Access Act

ACE inhibitors

acetanilide

Actonel

Adam, Christopher

Advair

agoraphobia

AIDS

Air Force, US

Alzheimer's disease

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Journal of (JAACAP)

American Association of Pediatricians

American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP)

American College of Obstetricians

American Diabetes Association

American Journal of Psychiatry

American Medical Association (AMA), Council on Pharmacy Approval,
Journal of (JAMA)

American Psychiatric Association (APA),
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III)

amitriptyline

amphetamines

anemia

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
See
ACE inhibitors

angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs)

Antefebrin

Anthony, Paul

anthrax

antibiotics.
See also specific drugs;
in children, clinical trials of, discovery and development of marketing of

anticonvulsants

antidepressants.
See also
SSRIs;
specific drugs;
for children clinical trials of in drug cocktails, guidelines for marketing of neurotransmitters and pain relief from patents on, during pregnancy prophylactic use of suicide on

antihistamines
See also specific drugs

antihypertensives.
See also
diuretics;
specific drugs;
thiazide

antipsychotics.
See also specific drugs;
for children and adolescents clinical trials of, guidelines on marketing of neurological side effects of suicidality on

antiretrovirals

antiseptic practice

anxiety in children treatment of.
See also
tranquilizers;
specific drugs

Aranesp

Archives of General Psychiatry

arthritis rheumatoid

Asperger's syndrome

Aspirin

asthma treatment of.
See also
beta-agonists;
specific drugs

Astra-Zeneca

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Austin (Texas) State Hospital

Australia

Australian Society for Bipolar Disorders

Austria

autism

Avandia

avian flu

Aviation Safety Board

Axis Healthcare Communications

AZT

 

bacterial endocarditis

bacteriology

barbiturates

BASF chemical company

Bauby, Jean-Dominique

Bayer Chemical Company

Bayh-Dole Act (1980)

Beasley, Charles

Beecham's Pills

Benzedrine

benzodiazepines

Best Practices

beta-agonists

beta-blockers

Bilious Pills

biphosphonates.
See also
Actonel; Fosamax; clinical trials of marketing of

bipolar disorder, in children and adolescents treatment of.
See also
mood stabilizers;
specific drugs Bipolar Disorder
(journal)

birth defects

Bittker, Thomas

Black, James

Blair, Jayson

blockbuster drugs adverse effects of doctors the primary consumers of and drug interactions, human cost of clinical trials for increased consumption and sales of side effects of as a primary driver of health system growth

Blumsohn, Aubrey

Boehringer-Ingelheim

bone scans.
See also
DXA scans

Borison, Richard

Brazil

breast cancer

Bright's disease

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Britain navy, Medical Research Council (MRC) Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)-National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Royal College of Physicians

British Association for Psychopharmacology

British Broadcasting Company (BBC)

British Journal of Psychiatry

British Medical Journal (BMJ)

Brown, Francis

Brown University

Burroughs Wellcome

Bush, George W.

 

Cabot, Richard

California, University of, at Los Angeles (UCLA)

Cambridge University

Canada

cancer breast lung treatments for

carbutamide

cardiovascular disease

See also
heart attack; drug- induced increased risk for guidelines for

cargo cults

Carlsson, Arvid

Carter's Little Liver Pills

Casey, Annie E., Foundation

Catalyst Healthcare Communications

catatonia

Celebrex

Celexa

censorship self-censorship

Centers for Disease Control

Chain, Ernst

Chalmers, Iain

Champix

Chemical Bureau, US

chemical imbalance

chemotherapy

China

chlorpromazine

cholera

cholesterolblood tests for drug induced increased levels of drugs for lowering.
See
statins;
specific drugs

Christian Scientists

cimetidine

Cipro

cisapride

citalopram

Clearasil

Clements, Paul

Cleveland Clinic

Clinical Approaches to Bipolar Disorders
(journal)

clinical immuno-deficiency virus (CIV)

clinical research organizations (CROs)

Clinton, Bill

clozapine

Clozaril

Coca Cola

Cochrane, Archie

Cochrane Center

Cohn & Wolf Global Communications and Public Relations Agency

colic

Commonwealth Fund

conflict of interest and cultivated friendship networks, false attribution of problems to and ghostwriting history of in medical-pharmaceutical interaction Royal College meeting on

congenital malformations.
See
birth defects

Congress, US.
See also
House of Representatives, US; Senate, US

Congressional Budget Office

consensus conferences

Console, Dale

Contemporary Psychology

Cora (daughter of Demeter)

Cora (patient)

coronary care units (CCUs)

Covance Inc.

Cox-2 inhibitors

Crimean War

Current Medical Directions

Cymbalta

Czechoslovakia

 

data, access to

Data Access Act (1999)

data-based medicine

David, Michelle

DeAngelis, Catherine

dementia.
See also
Alzheimer's disease; in tertiary syphilis

Demeter

Democratic Party

Denmark

Depakote

depression in children and adolescents
DSM
criteria for rating scales for treatment of.
See also
antidepressants; SSRIs;
specific drugs

desvenlafaxine

dexamphetamine

Dexedrine

dexfluoxetine

diabetes antipsychotic induced in children genetic factors in testing for blood sugar levels in treatment of.
See also
hypoglycemics; insulin; screening for

diacetylmorphine

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

Diamond, Bruce

Dianette

Diehl, Howard

diphtheria

disease mongering

diuretics

Diuril

Donna (fictional patient)

“doubt is our product,”

Downing, Mathy

dual energy X-ray absortiometry scans.
See
DXA scans

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Dukes, Graham

Dulcan, Mina

duloxetine

DXA scans

 

Eastell, Richard

Efexor

Ehrlich, Paul

Eisenhower, Dwight

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Emslie, Graham

endocarditis bacterial

England.
See also
Britain seventeenth century

Envision Pharma

epidemiology junk

Epidemiology
(journal)

Epstein-Barr virus

erectile dysfunction

esfluoxetine

es-omeprazole

European Bipolar Forum

Evarts Ed

evidence-based medicine (EBM) clinical trials in

guidelines and

marketing and

Exxon Valdez
oil spill

ezetimibe

 

female sexual dysfunction (FSD)

fertilizers

fibromyalgia

Firestein Rose

Fisher Ronald

Florey Howard

fluoxetine.
See
Prozac

Food Drugs and Cosmetics Act (1938) Humphrey-Durham amendments

(195I)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse events reported to advertising regulations of on antidepressants and suicidality Central Nervous System division criteria for approval by drugs banned by hazard warning requirements of licensing of drugs by Modernization Act (FDAMA: 1998) submission of placebo-control trials to

Food and Drugs Act (1906) Kefauver-Harris amendments (1962)

Ford Henry

Forest Research Institute

Fosamax

Framingham study

France.
See also
French Revolution; Academy of Medicine ; National Institute

Franklin Benjamin

French Revolution

Fromm Gina

 

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Geigy J. R. Ltd.

generic drugs

genetics

Geodon

Georgia Medical College of

Germany

ghostwriting: adherence of ghostwriters to ethical standards author's articles on ghostwriting complicity of medical journals in lack of access to data in by pharmaceutical companies 261; and self-censorship truthfulness in

Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Glaxo Pharmaceuticals

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) clinical trials of.
See also
Study FDA and legal actions against marketing by miscoding of study results by patents held by and Paxil-induced suicide restless leg syndrome invented by Senate investigation of

Glaxo Wellcome

Gleason Aliah

Glenmullen Joseph
Prozac Backlash

Gollum (character in J.R.R. Tolkien novel)

Goodman Bob

Gordon Alles

Gore Albert Sr.

Graham David

Grassley Charles

Grave's disease

Greenland Sandor

Griffith Walter

guidelines for bipolar disorder in Britain consensus conferences on discretion versus pediatric

GYMR Public Relations

 

haloperidol

Hamilton Max

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)

harassment of academics.
See also
legal intimidation

Harris Oren

Harrison Narcotics Act (1914)

Harvard University

Hashimoto's disease

Hastings Center Report

Hauer Ezra

heart attacks.
See also
cardiovascular disease; blood pressure and cholesterol and.
See also
statins;
specific drugs;
diabetes and drugs causing increase in of

helicobacter pylori

Heroin

Hill Austin Bradford

Hippocratic oath

HIV-AIDS

Hoechst chemical company

Holmes Oliver Wendell

Honda Motor Company

Hopkins Claude

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

House
(television show)

House of Representatives U.S.

H-2 blockers

Hudson Ian

hypercholesterolemia

hypertension; genetic risks for malignant marketing of drugs for

hypoglycemics.
See also
Avandia

 

ibuprofen

IG Farben

Illich Ivan
Medical Nemesis

imipramine

Imperial Chemical Industries

INC Research

Index on Censorship

India

influenza

informed consent

Institute for Safe Medication Practices

insulin

InterBrand

International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine

International Review of Bipolar Disorders

International Society for Affective Disorders

International Society for Bipolar Disorders

Interpublic Group

Iraq War

 

Jachuk, Sanjeebit

Janssen Pharmaceuticals

Japan

Jazz Pharmaceuticals

Jofre, Shelley

Johnson & Johnson

Journal of Bipolar Disorders The

Jureidini, Jon

Justice Department US

 

Kahnemann, Daniel

Kalle chemical company

Kefauver, Estes

Keller Martin

Kelsey Frances

Kennedy John F.

Kilker, Lyam

King and Spalding

Koch Robert

Kramer Peter
Listening to Prozac

 

Laden Sally

Lancet

Lapin Dr.

Lasagna Louis

Laughren, Tom

Lee Samuel Jr.

legal intimidatio

leukotriene antagonists

Levine, Diana

Lexapro

Librium

Lilly, Eli, and Company guidelines and, marketing by; patents and, and Prozac-induced suicide stock options for employees of

Lind James

Lipitor

Lister Joseph

Listerine

Louis Pierre

Love and Other Drugs
(movie)

Lowell Robert

Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals

Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound

Lyrica

 

manic-depressive illness

Marciniak, Thomas

Marshall Barry

Massachusetts General Hospital