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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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‘So close they nearly share sunset and dawn

               
lie Bougie and the city that I came from.

93
           
Once it made its harbor warm with its own blood.   

               
‘Folco the people called me, if they knew   

               
my name, and now this heaven   

96
           
is marked by me, as I was marked by it,   

               
‘for the daughter of Belus was no more aflame,   

               
bringing grief to Sychaeus and to Creusa,

99
           
than I, until the color of my hair began to fade,

               
‘nor was she of Rhodope, who was deceived

               
by Demophoön, nor Alcides,

102
         
when he embraced Iole in his heart.

               
‘Yet here we don’t repent, but smile instead,   

               
not at our fault, which comes not back to mind,

105
         
but for that Power which ordered and foresaw.

               
‘Here we contemplate the craft that beautifies   

               
such love, and here discern the good

108
         
with which the world above informs the one below.

               
‘However, so that you may leave this sphere   

               
with every wish that here has been engendered

111
         
satisfied, I must go on.

               
‘You want to know who occupies this luminescence

               
that scintillates beside me here,

114
         
like a sunbeam gleaming in clear water.

               
‘Know then that within it Rahab is at peace,   

               
and, since she is of our number,

117
         
our highest rank receives its seal from her.

               
‘Into this heaven, where the shadow of your world   

               
comes to a point, before any other,   

120
         
first in Christ’s triumph, she was taken up.

               
‘Fitting it was indeed to leave her in one heaven,

               
a trophy of the lofty victory

123
         
He gained with both of His two palms,   

               
‘because she aided Joshua when he gained   

               
his first triumph in the Holy Land—a place

126
         
that hardly touches the memory of the pope.

               
‘Your city, which was planted by him,   

               
the first to turn his back upon his Maker

129
         
and from whose envy comes such great distress,

               
‘puts forth and spreads the accursèd flower   

               
that has led astray both sheep and lambs,

132
         
for it has made a wolf out of its shepherd.

               
‘For it the Gospels and the lofty doctors   

               
are neglected and the Decretals alone are studied,

135
         
as is readily apparent from their margins.

               
‘To it the pope and his cardinals devote themselves,   

               
without a single thought for Nazareth,   

138
         
where Gabriel spread out his wings.

               
‘But Vatican hill and other chosen Roman places

               
that became the burial-ground

               
for the solidiery that followed Peter

142
         
will soon be free of this adultery.’

OUTLINE: PARADISO X

THE SUN

1–27
   
God’s three Persons & Dante’s addresses to his readers
1–6
   
Trinitarian prologue to the heaven of the Sun
7–15
   
address to the reader, urging attention to the stars
16–21
   
the effects of the Zodiac’s ecliptic path on the earth
22–27
   
second address to the reader, urged to be self-sufficient
28–39
   
the ascent to the heaven of the Sun
28–33
   
the Sun, in Aries, seen as fructifying and measuring
34–39
   
both Dante’s ascent and Beatrice’s guidance seem timeless
40–138
   
the habitation of the Sun: first circle
40–48
   
the brightness within the Sun defeats Dante’s telling
49–51
   
God exhibits His threefold “art”
52–54
   
Beatrice advises Dante to give thanks to the “sun of the angels” for allowing him to rise to the Sun
55–63
   
no mortal was then more devoted to God than Dante; his love for God eclipsed his love for Beatrice; her smile
64–69
   
the souls make a circle with Beatrice and Dante as center that is compared in simile to the halo around the Moon
70–75
   
in the Empyrean, whence Dante has returned, there are “jewels” that these souls in the Sun now celebrate
76–81
   
the circling souls compared in simile to dancing ladies
82–96
   
Thomas Aquinas’s first speech:
82–90
   
Since Dante’s presence here reveals him to be one who lives in grace, Thomas must answer his question,
91–93
   
which concerns the souls who are circling Beatrice;
94–96
   
the speaker identifies himself as a Dominican friar
97–99
   
(1)
Albertus Magnus
(ca. 1193–1280)
99
   
(2)
Thomas Aquinas
(1225–74)
100–102
   
Thomas will now name the rest of the twelve:
103–105
   
(3)
Francesco Graziano
(ca. 1090–ca. 1160)
106–108
   
(4)
Peter Lombard
(ca. 1095–1160)
109–114
   
(5)
King Solomon
(author of four books of the Bible)
115–117
   
(6)
Dionysius the Areopagite
(converted by St. Paul)
118–120
   
(7)
Paulus Orosius
(flourished first half of fifth century)
121–123
   
the importance of the next soul is underlined
124–129
   
(8)
Severinus Boethius
(ca. 475–525)
130–132
   
(9)
Isidore of Seville
(ca. 560–636) (10) the
Venerable Bede
(674–735) (11)
Richard of St. Victor
(ca. 1123–73)
133–138
   
(12)
Siger of Brabant
(ca. 1225–ca. 1283)
139–148
   
coda: simile (mechanical clock calling monks to matins).
PARADISO X

               
Gazing on His Son with the Love   

   

               
the One and the Other eternally breathe forth,

3
             
the inexpressible and primal Power

               
made with such order all things that revolve   

               
that he who studies it, in mind and in space,

6
             
cannot but taste of Him.   

               
With me, then, reader, raise your eyes   

               
up to the lofty wheels, directly to that part

9
             
where the one motion and the other intersect,   

               
and from that point begin to gaze in rapture   

               
at the Master’s work. He so loves it in Himself

12
           
that never does His eye depart from it.

               
See how from there the oblique circle

               
that bears the planets on it branches off

15
           
to satisfy the world that calls for them.

               
And if their pathway were not thus deflected,   

               
many powers in the heavens would be vain

18
           
and quite dead almost every potency on earth.

               
And, if it slanted farther or less far

               
in the upper or the lower hemisphere,

21
           
much would be lacking in the order of the world.

               
Stay on your bench now, reader,   

               
thinking of the joy you have but tasted,   

24
           
if, well before you tire, you would be happy.

               
I have set your table. From here on feed yourself,

               
for my attention now resides

27
           
in that matter of which I have become the scribe.   

               
Nature’s sublime and greatest minister,   

   

               
who imprints Heaven’s power on the world

30
           
and in his shining measures out our time,

               
in conjunction with the place I note above,   

               
was wheeling through those spirals   

33
           
in which he comes forth earlier each day.

               
And I was in it, aware of my ascent

               
no more than one becomes aware   

36
           
of the beginnings of a thought before it comes.

               
It is Beatrice who leads from good   

               
to better so suddenly that her action

39
           
has no measurement in time.

               
Whatever I saw within the sun, how shining   

               
it must have been, for, when I entered,

42
           
it revealed itself, not by color, but by light.

               
Were I to call on genius, skill, and practice,   

               
I could not ever tell how this might be imagined.

45
           
Enough if one believes and longs to see it.

               
And if the powers of our imagination

               
are too earthbound for such height, it is no wonder,

48
           
for eye has never seen light brighter than the sun.

               
So brilliant the fourth family of the highest Father,   

               
who forever gives it satisfaction, shone,

51
           
revealing how He breathes and how begets.

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