Outlaw Marriages (33 page)

73
. Ibid.; “Deaths,”
New York Times
, November 13, 1940, 23; “Miss M. C. Thomas,” 25; “Miss M. Thomas, Former Head of Bryn Mawr, Dies,”
Chicago Tribune
, December 3, 1935, 16; “An Unconventional Daughter,”
Washington Post
, December 5, 1935, 8.

1
. David Sox,
Bachelors of Art: Edward Perry Warren & the Lewes House Brotherhood
(London: Fourth Estate, 1991), 254. For other statements about Marshall and Warren's collections being among the best ever assembled, see Stephen L. Dyson,
Ancient Marbles to American Shores: Classical Archaeology in the United States
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), 155; Douglass Shand-Tucci,
The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality, and the Shaping of American Culture
(New York: St. Martin's, 2003), 92.

2
. On Marshall's early years, see Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 39–40.

3
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 39–40.

4
. Ibid.

5
. Ibid.

6
. On Warren's early years, see “Edward Perry Warren,”
New York Times
, December 30, 1928, 17; Martin Green,
The Warrens of Mount Vernon Street: A Boston Story, 1860–1910
(New York: Scribner's, 1989), 29–55; History Project,
Improper Bostonians
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1998), 93; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 3–14. Warren's parents were Samuel D. Warren and Susan Clarke Warren.

7
. History Project,
Improper Bostonians
, 93; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 4–6.

8
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 4.

9
. Ibid., 13; “Edward Perry Warren,” 17; Osbert Burdett and E. H. Goddard,
Edward Perry Warren: The Biography of a Connoisseur
(London: Christopher, 1941), 32.

10
. Shand-Tucci,
Crimson Letter
, 91–92; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 16.

11
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 16, 38–39. Warren's first lover was Arthur George Bainbridge West.

12
. Ibid., 42.

13
. Ibid., 29, 36; Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 92.

14
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 40.

15
. Marshall to Warren, September 1889, Ashmolean Library, Oxford University; Shand-Tucci,
Crimson Letter
, 90.

16
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 45.

17
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 168.

18
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 51.

19
. Ibid., 51–52, 54; Shand-Tucci,
Crimson Letter
, 90.

20
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 50.

21
. Ibid., 52–53; Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 125; Shand-Tucci,
Crimson
Letter
, 90.

22
. Dyson,
Ancient Marbles
, 143.

23
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 135; W. M. Whitehill,
The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: A Centennial History
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1970), 52, 148.

24
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 174, 221; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 57–58, 173. The bust of the Roman woman became known as the
Bust of a Woman in High Relief
.

25
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 136; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 95.

26
. Dyson,
Ancient Marbles
, 145; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 64, 66–67.

27
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 126.

28
. Ibid., 97; Whitehill,
Museum of Fine Arts
, 157; Shand-Tucci,
Crimson Letter
, 92.

29
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 136.

30
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 70, 80.

31
. Ibid., 70; Burdett and Goddard,
Edward Perry Warren
, 179, 226.

32
. Burdett and Goddard,
Edward Perry Warren
, 226.

33
. Ibid., 230.

34
. Ibid.

35
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 77.

36
. Ibid., 76.

37
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 180.

38
. On the jug, see the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History,
http://www.metmuseum.org/
.

39
. On the cup and safety pin, see the Metropolitan Museum of Art's New Greek and Roman Galleries,
http://www.metmuseum.org/
, and on the plaques, see Aleksandr Leskov, “The Maikop Treasure,”
Silk Road Foundation Newsletter
,
http://www.silk-road.com/
.

40
. On the sandaled foot, see the Metropolitan Museum of Art's New Greek and Roman Galleries,
http://www.metmuseum.org/
.

41
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 77, 81.

42
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 204.

43
. Ibid., 127.

44
. Burdett and Goddard,
Edward Perry Warren
, 302, 400; Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 127. On Warren using his collecting to advance the acceptance of homosexuality, see also Dyson,
Ancient Marbles
, 138.

45
. For detailed analyses of the Warren Cup, see John R. Clarke, “The Warren Cup and the Context for Representations of Male-to-Male Lovemaking in Augustan and Early Julio-Claudian Art,”
Art Bulletin
75 (1993): 275–94; John Pollini, “The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver,”
Art Bulletin
81 (1999): 21–52.

46
. On the vase, see History Project,
Improper Bostonians
, 93; the vase has been attributed to the Amasis Painter and is now owned by the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. On the fragments, see John R. Clarke,
Looking at Lovemaking: Constructions of Sexuality in Roman Art, 100 B.C.-A.D. 250
(Berkeley: University of California Press,
1998), 73, 75; Pollini, “Warren Cup,” 30–31.

47
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 204.

48
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 253–54.

49
. Michael Camille and Adrian Rifkin,
Other Objects of Desire: Collectors and Collecting Queerly
(Malden, MA: Blackwell), 86.

50
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 54, 65.

51
. Ibid., 109.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Burdett and Goddard,
Edward Perry Warren
, 345; Shand-Tucci,
Crimson Letter
, 92.

54
. Green,
Warrens of Mount Vernon Street
, 231; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 123, 127.

55
. “Edward Perry Warren,” 17; Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 129.

56
. “Edward Perry Warren,” 17.

57
. Sox,
Bachelors of Art
, 130.

1
. On Addams's early years, see Robin K. Berson,
Jane Addams: A Biography
(Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004), 1–19; “Jane Addams of Hull House Is Dead,”
Chicago Tribune
, May 22, 1935, 1, 4; Cornelia Meigs,
Jane Addams: Pioneer for Social Justice
(Boston: Little, Brown), 1970), 1–46. Addams's parents were John Huy Addams and Sarah Weber Addams.

2
. Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 21–30.

3
. Ibid., 35–36.

4
. Ibid., 43–44.

5
. On Smith's early years, see James Weber Linn,
Jane Addams: A Biography
(New York: Greenwood, 1968), 147–48; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 54–56. Smith's parents were Charles Mather Smith and Sarah Rozet Smith.

6
. Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147–48; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 54–55.

7
. Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147–48; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 54.

8
. Jean Bethke Elshtain,
Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy
(New York: Basic Books/Perseus, 2002), 23; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 54.

9
. Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 44–45.

10
. Ibid., 45–46.

11
. Ibid., 49–50, 52.

12
. Ibid., 60.

13
. Ibid., 54–56; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147; “Miss Mary Rozet Smith,”
New York Times
, February 24, 1934, 14; “Pioneer Patron of Hull House, Mary Smith, Dies,”
Chicago Tribune
, February 24, 1934, 20.

14
. Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 55–56.

15
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 289; “Miss Mary Rozet Smith,”
New York Times
, 14; “Pioneer Patron,”
Chicago Tribune
, 20.

16
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 23; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147.

17
. For the quote, see Linn,
Jane Addams
, 147. See also Lillian Faderman,
Odd Girls
and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America
(New York: Penguin, 1991), 25–28; Katherine Joslin,
Jane Addams, a Writer's Life
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 11; Dell Richards,
Superstars: Twelve Lesbians Who Changed the World
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 1993), 97–98.

18
. Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 54–55.

19
. For the quote, see Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 289. On Smith taking Addams to her home to keep her from overexerting herself, see also Allen F. Davis,
American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 87; Louise W. Knight,
Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 214.

20
. Faderman,
Odd Girls
, 25; Lillian Faderman,
To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done for America—A History
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 126; Richards,
Superstars
, 106.

21
. Faderman,
Odd Girls
, 26; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 145.

22
. Addams to Smith, January 20, 1897, and Smith to Addams, September 3, 1933, Jane Addams Personal Papers, University of Illinois, Chicago; Faderman,
To Believe
, 130.

23
. Addams to Smith, May 26, 1902, Addams Personal Papers; Davis,
American Heroine
, 89; Joslin,
Jane Addams
, 11.

24
. Kathryn Kish Sklar, “Who Funded Hull-House?” in Kathleen D. McCarthy,
Lady Bountiful Revisited: Women, Philanthropy, and Power
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 101.

25
. Davis,
American Heroine
, 85; Faderman,
Odd Girls
, 26.

26
. Faderman,
Odd Girls
, 26; Sklar, “Who Funded,” 95, 100–101.

27
. Linn,
Jane Addams
, 129, 209; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 140; “Miss Mary Rozet Smith,”
New York Times
, 14; “Pioneer Patron,”
Chicago Tribune
, 20; Sklar, “Who Funded,” 100–101, 106.

28
. Joslin,
Jane Addams
, 248; Fred J. Koch to Jane Addams, February 26, 1934, Jane Addams Papers, Swarthmore College Peace Collection.

29
. Addams to Smith, August 15, 1895, Addams Personal Papers; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 148.

30
. “Miss Mary Rozet Smith,”
New York Times
, 14; “Pioneer Patron,”
Chicago Tribune
, 20; Richards,
Superstars
, 93, 105.

31
. Berson,
Jane Addams
, 33; Richards,
Superstars
, 93, 105.

32
. Berson,
Jane Addams
, 32; Richards,
Superstars
, 93, 105; Sklar, “Who Funded,” 105, 107.

33
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 150.

34
. Ibid., 289; Faderman,
Odd Girls
, 25.

35
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 213–15; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 291; Meigs,
Jane Addams
, 145–46; “Pioneer Patron,”
Chicago Tribune
, 20.

36
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 151; Richards,
Superstars
, 107. The resident's name was Gertrude Barnum.

37
. Faderman,
To Believe
, 132; Linn,
Jane Addams
, 353.

38
. Addams to Smith, March 22, 1904, and undated letter from 1904, Addams Personal
Papers; Richards,
Superstars
, 107.

39
. Davis,
American Heroine
, 86. Addams and Smith traveled to the Middle East in 1913, to Mexico in 1925, and to the West Indies in 1926.

40
. Elshtain,
Jane Addams
, 217–18.

41
. Berson,
Jane Addams
, 72, 74.

42
. “Jane Addams Chronology,” Jane Addams Papers, Swarthmore College Peace Collection; Knight,
Citizen
, 391.

43
. Berson,
Jane Addams
, 78. The Dutch feminist was Aletta Jacobs.

44
. Davis,
American Heroine
, 222, 233.